Repository of Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"
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The paradigm of "truth decay" and possible influence on the facts about the Homeland War
No full textPropadanje istine je noviji humanistički i sociološki pojam iz područja suvremene informacijske
sfere u kojoj uočavamo česta neslaganja kao i neodređene granice između iznošenja stvarnih
činjenica i nečijeg mišljenja. Posljedice toga mogu biti velike, kako za pojedinca tako i za društvo.
Gubitak orijentacije u informacijskoj sferi čini pojedinca ranjivijim na manipulaciju i štetne
utjecaje. Na primjeru suvremenih kriznih žarišta svjedoci smo učinaka planiranih i dugoročno
provođenih hibridnih informacija koje se u velikoj mjeri oslanjaju na propadanje istine; gubitka
povjerenja ili čak odbacivanje činjenica i autoriteta institucija koje su za njih zadužene. Rad će se
usredotočiti na činjenice o Domovinskom ratu, opisati načine na koji one mogu biti ugrožene i
razmotriti načine kako ih braniti. U radu će se analizirati primjer članka (novinskog ili portalnog)
ili filmskog uratka kojim protivnička strana nastoji utrnuti istinu o nekom od događaja iz
Domovinskog rata; što je cilj konkretnog djelovanja, protiv koje istine djeluje, na koji način, kakav
je učinak proizvelo i kako se na tu provokaciju može učinkovito odgovoriti.The decay of truth is a relatively recent humanistic and sociological concept that has emerged
within the modern information sphere, where we are increasingly confronted with discrepancies
and blurred boundaries between the presentation of factual information and personal opinion. The
consequences of this phenomenon can be significant, both for individuals and for society as a
whole. Disorientation within the information space renders individuals more vulnerable to
manipulation and harmful influences. Contemporary crisis zones provide striking examples where
we can observe the effects of deliberate and long-term hybrid information strategies, which heavily
rely on the erosion of truth—resulting in the loss of trust or even the rejection of facts and the
authority of institutions tasked with safeguarding them.
This paper will examine facts concerning the Croatian War of Independence (Domovinski rat),
describe the ways in which these facts can be challenged or undermined, and explore methods for
their protection. The analysis will include an example of a news article (from print or online media)
or a film produced by the opposing side, aimed at suppressing the truth about a specific wartime
event. The paper will analyze the objective of such efforts, the particular truth being distorted, the
techniques employed, the impact generated, and effective ways to respond to such provocations
The Israeli Palestinian Conflict and its Further Developments in the 21st century
No full textIzraelsko-palestinski sukob i dalje je jedan od najvećih problema današnjice, a u 21. stoljeću postao
je još složeniji i teži za rješavanje. U ovom završnom radu istražuje se što se događalo od početka
ovoga sukoba do danas, uključujući važne sukobe poputa aktualnog rata u Gazi, ratova u 20.
stoljeću i pokušaja mirovnih pregovora. Također, rad analizira kako taj sukob utječe na obične
ljude, djecu i obitelji, te kakvu ulogu ima na ostatak svijeta. Cilj rada jest bolje ocijeniti zašto
sukob još traje i postoji li uopće nada za mir u budućnosti.The Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains one of the biggest issues of today, and in the 21st century
it has become even more complex and difficult to resolve. This final paper explores what has
happened from the beginning of the conflict until today, including major events such as the recent
war in Gaza, wars in the 20th century, and attempts at peace negotiations. It also examines how
the conflict affects ordinary people, children, and families, as well as the role of the rest of the
world. The goal of this paper is to better understand why the conflict still continues and whether
there is any hope for peace in the future
Military targeting on battlefield using UAV with support of AI
No full textOvaj rad pruža pregled evolucije bespilotnih letjelica (UAV) te njihove integracije s umjetnom
inteligencijom (AI), s posebnim naglaskom na primjenu u ciljanju na bojišnici. Počevši od
povijesnih osnova, rad opisuje ranu upotrebu UAV-ova u vojnim operacijama kroz „Tri D“
koncept koji je oblikovao primjenu bespilotnih letjelica u okruženjima visokog rizika, nesigurnim
zonama i dugotrajnim misijama.
Rad dalje analizira suvremene tehnološke koncepte koji omogućuju autonomno upravljanje UAV
sustavima, s posebnim naglaskom na integraciju AI. Posebna pažnja posvećena je algoritmima za
detekciju i praćenje objekata što omogućava precizno i pouzdano autonomno ciljanje.
U radu su opisane teorijske osnove neophodne za ciljanje, objašnjavajući kinematiku i balistiku
UAV-ova te primjenu i opis matematičkih modela za procjenu stanja.
U završnom dijelu, rad ukazuje na ključne izazove s kojima se suočavaju suvremeni sustavi,
uključujući ograničenja u obradi podataka u stvarnom vremenu, energetske zahtjeve, sigurnosne
prijetnje i nedostatak pravne regulative, te predlaže potencijalne pravce daljnjeg razvoja
tehnologije.This paper provides an overview of the evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their
integration with artificial intelligence (AI), with a particular emphasis on battlefield targeting.
Starting from historical foundations, the paper describes the early use of UAVs in military
operations through the “Three D” concept that shaped the use of UAVs in high-risk environments,
insecure zones, and long-duration missions.
The paper then analyzes contemporary technological concepts that enable autonomous control of
UAV systems, with a particular emphasis on AI integration. Special attention is paid to object
detection and tracking algorithms that enable precise and reliable autonomous targeting.
The paper describes the theoretical foundations necessary for targeting, explaining the kinematics
and ballistics of UAVs, and the application and description of mathematical models for state
assessment.
In the final section, the paper points to key challenges faced by contemporary systems, including
limitations in real-time data processing, energy requirements, security threats, and the lack of legal
regulation, and suggests potential directions for further development of the technology
Intelligence support to crisis response operations
No full textU radu je detaljno prikazana obavještajna potpora kao ključnu komponentu u operacijama
odgovora na krize koja pruža pravovremene, točne i djelotvorne informacije donositeljima
odluka. Povezani su uzroci uspjeha i neuspjeha u odgovorima na krize koji su usko vezani uz
dobru ili lošu obavještajnu potporu. Paralelno su detaljno opisani pojam krize uz naglasak na
NATO koncept "Crisis Management", te načini na koji NATO funkcionira, provodi obrambeno
planiranje, te koje sve aktivnosti, misije i operacije provodi s ciljem provođenja programa
kriznog upravljanja. Odabrane su studije slučaja na kojima se radi analiza operacija odgovora
na krize, definirana je uloga obavještajne potpore u tim operacija, te su uspoređene zajedničke
poveznice između raznih slučaja.The paper will provide a detailed overview of intelligence support as a key component in crisis
management operations, delivering timely, accurate, and effective information to decision
makers. It will connect the causes of success and failure in crisis responses, which are closely
linked to the quality of intelligence support-whether good or poor. In parallel, the concept of
crisis will be described in detail, with an emphasis on NATO’s "Crisis Management" program,
as well as the ways in which NATO operates, conducts defense planning, and the various
activities, missions, and operations it undertakes as part of its crisis management program. Case
studies will be selected for analysis of crisis response operations, the role of intelligence
support in these operations will be defined, and common links between various cases will be
compared
A comparison of fortification systems in the Russia-ukraine war with the fortification capabilities of the Croatian Armed Forces
No full textUtvrđivanje postrojbi u borbenim djelovanjima predstavlja uređenje položaja s ciljem stvaranja
povoljnih uvjeta za vatreno djelovanje motrenje i zapovijedanje te zaštitu ljudstva, materijalnih i
tehničkih sredstava od djelovanja protivnikovog paljbenog djelovanja. Učinkovit sustav
utvrđivanja u obrambenim djelovanjima igra ključnu ulogu u stvaranju uvjeta nadmoći nad
neprijateljem.
Ispravnim i pravilnim utvrđivanjem osiguravaju se uvjeti za uspješno paljbeno djelovanje i
učinkovita zaštita vlastitih snaga od neprijateljskog djelovanja, omogućuje sigurniji pokret snaga
i
sredstava te neprekinuto i učinkovito zapovijedanje postrojbama i prikrivenost naših snaga,
njihovog rasporeda i sredstava.
Sustavi utvrđivanja OSRH bitno se razlikuju od sustava Rusije i Ukrajine, no međutim različite
su zadaće, namjene i strategija. U ovom radu objašnjene su te strategije, zadaće i sustavi koje ove
tri vojne sile koriste, te njihovi prednosti, nedostatci i usporedba na osnovnoj razini.Establishing fortifications in combat operations involves organizing positions with the goal of
creating favorable conditions for fire support, observation, and command, as well as protecting
personnel, material, and technical assets from enemy fire. An effective fortification system in
defensive operations plays a key role in creating conditions for superiority over the enemy.
Proper and well-structured fortifications ensure conditions for successful fire support and
effective protection of one’s own forces from enemy actions, enable safer movement of troops
and equipment, and ensure continuous and effective command of units, as well as concealment
of our forces, their positions, and assets.
The fortification systems of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia (AFRC) differ
significantly from those of Russia and Ukraine; however, this is due to differing missions,
purposes, and strategies. This paper explains the strategies, tasks, and systems used by these
three military powers, as well as their advantages, disadvantages, and a basic-level comparison
Organization of the Cabinet for Infantry Weapons in the Service of the Kosovo Security Forces
No full textU radu se prikazuje razvoj i implementacija kabineta za obuku iz pješačkog naoružanja za
potrebe Kosovskih sigurnosnih snaga (KSS). Cilj je predstaviti koncept i funkcionalnost kabineta
koji bi unaprijedio operativne sposobnosti pripadnika KSS-a kroz strukturiranu edukaciju. Obuka
obuhvaća tehničke, taktičke i sigurnosne aspekte uporabe naoružanja, omogućujući stjecanje
temeljnih i naprednih znanja za djelovanje u suvremenom vojnom okruženju. Rad obrađuje faze
organizacije kabineta, od definiranja ishoda učenja do sigurnosnih protokola i evaluacije
učinkovitosti. Poseban naglasak stavlja se na pedagoški pristup koji povezuje teoriju i praksu uz
visoke sigurnosne standarde. Projekt ima i stratešku dimenziju jer se temelji na iskustvu
Hrvatskog vojnog učilišta "Dr. Franjo Tuđman", gdje takav model već godinama funkcionira.
Time se otvara prostor za suradnju Republike Kosova i Republike Hrvatske u prijenosu znanja i
zajedničkom razvoju kapaciteta. Kabinet bi bio alat za izgradnju profesionalnih, interoperabilnih
oružanih snaga, usklađenih sa suvremenim vojnim standardima i regionalnim sigurnosnim
okruženjem.This paper presents the development and implementation of a training cabinet for infantry
weapons, designed for the needs of the Kosovo Security Force (KSF). The main objective is to
introduce the concept and functionality of a cabinet that would enhance the operational
capabilities of KSF members through structured education. The training covers technical,
tactical, and safety aspects of weapon use, enabling participants to acquire both basic and
advanced knowledge necessary for effective performance in a modern military environment. The
paper outlines the organizational phases of the cabinet, from defining learning outcomes to
safety protocols and program effectiveness evaluation. Special emphasis is placed on a
pedagogical approach that combines theoretical knowledge with practical skills, while adhering
to high safety standards. The project also carries strategic significance, as it is based on the
experience of the Croatian Military Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman," where this model has been
in use for many years. This opens opportunities for cooperation between the Republic of Kosovo
and the Republic of Croatia through knowledge transfer and joint capacity development. The
cabinet would serve not only as a technical resource but as a tool for building professional,
interoperable armed forces aligned with modern military standards and the regional security
environment
Effect of explosion on protective reinforced concrete elements
No full textU okviru završnog rada provedeno je ispitivanje zaštitnog armiranobetonskog zidnog panela na
eksplozivno djelovanje. Svrha ispitivanja je vidjeti kakav utjecaj eksplozivno djelovanje ima na
zaštitni zidni panel, kako bi se u budućnosti njihova upotreba potencijalno implementirala s
ciljem zaštite ključnih objekata i vojne infrastrukture. Obzirom na trenutnu situaciju u svijetu
poseban naglasak stavljen je na zaštitu od diverzantskih i terorističkih prijetnji, hibridnih napada
te napada profesionalnih vojnih snaga. Zaštitni panel je razvila i proizvela tvrtka Beton Lučko
d.o.o. u Zagrebu. Ispitivanje panela na eksplozivno djelovanje je provedeno na vojnom poligonu
„Cerovac“ u okviru vježbi rušenje elemenata i materijala.
Prije i nakon djelovanja eksplozije provedeno je nerazorno ispitivanje ultrazvukom,
sklerometrom i rezipodom te su rezultati uspoređeni.As part of the bacherol thesis, a protective reinforced concrete wall panel was tested for its
response to explosive action. The purpose of the testing was to evaluate the impact of explosive
forces on the protective wall panel, with the aim of potentially implementing such structures in
the future to safeguard key facilities and military infrastructure. Given the current global
situation, particular emphasis was placed on protection against sabotage and terrorist threats,
hybrid attacks, and assaults by professional military forces.
The protective panel was developed and manufactured by the company Beton Lučko l.t.d. in
Zagreb. Assessment under explosive effects of the panel was carried out at the „Cerovac“
military training area as part of an exercise focused on the demolition of structural elements and
materials.
Non-destructive ultrasonic testing using ultrasonic methods, a sclerometer, and a resipod, was
preformed before and after the explosion, and the results were then compared
Mass surveillance programs on the civilian population - bulk intelligence
No full textTema ovoga rada je prikupljanje podataka korištenjem metoda i tehnika bulk intelligencea. Bulk
intelligence je masovno prikupljanje i analiziranje podataka bez prethodnog određenog cilja, s
ciljem otkrivanja relevantnih informacija ili sigurnosnih prijetnji. Šira javnost je za ovaj pojam
doznala 2013. godine kada je Edward Snowden iznio klasificirane dokumente, koji su potvrdili
postojanje programa masovnog nadzora civilnog stanovništva od strane američke vlade i
obavještajnih agencija. Nadalje, rad objašnjava povijesni razvoj obavještajnog djelovanja i bulk
intelligencea, zakone koji su omogućili stvaranje programa masovnog nadzora te metode i
tehnike koje vlade i agencije, poglavito najvećih zemalja svijeta, koriste kako bi stvorile bulk
baze podataka. Unutar rada također se ističu prednosti i mane ovakvog sustava prikupljanja
podataka. Bulk intelligence ima ključnu ulogu u obavještajnom ciklusu, omogućavajući
prikupljanje velikih količina podataka iz kojih je moguće izvući vrlo korisne informacije, ali
ujedno predstavlja i veliku opasnost za privatnost građana, ako se ne koristi odgovorno.The topic of this work is the collection of intelligence data using methods and techniques of bulk
intelligence. Bulk intelligence is the mass collection and analysis of data without prior specific
targeting, aimed at uncovering relevant information or security threats. The public got to know
the term bulk intelligence in 2013 when Edward Snowden leaked classified documents that
confirmed the existence of mass surveillance programs conducted by the US government and
intelligence agencies. Moreover, this paper explains the historical development of intelligence
gathering and bulk intelligence, the laws that enabled mass surveillance programs as well as
methods and techniques that are used by governments and agencies of the largest countries in the
world to create bulk data collections. The paper also presents the advantages and disadvantages
of this data collection system. Bulk intelligence plays a key role in the intelligence cycle,
enabling the collection of large volumes of data from which highly valuable information can be
extracted, but it also poses a great threat to citizens’ privacy if not used responsibly
Systems for countering radio controlled improvised explosive devices based on unmanned vehicles
No full textRad se temelji na analizi mogućnosti uporabe besposadnih kopnenih vozila (UGV) u funkciji
sustava za elektroničko ometanje radijski upravljanih improviziranih eksplozivnih naprava
(RCIED). Kroz pregled različitih metoda ometanja, CREW sustava i primjenu u stvarnim
operacijama, prikazana je tehnička i taktička vrijednost integracije sustava za ometanje na
besposadnim kopnenim vozilima. U radu su obrađeni konkretni primjeri tehničkih rješenja, kao i
smjernice budućeg razvoja koje uključuju primjenu umjetne inteligencije. Posebna pozornost
posvećena je povezivanju tehnološkog napretka s operativnim zahtjevima, uz razmatranje izazova
sigurnosti, komunikacije i autonomije.This paper explores the potential application of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) as platforms
for electronic jamming of radio-controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs). Through an
overview of jamming methods, CREW (Counter Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device
Electronic Warfare systems), and real-world operational use, the study highlights the technical and
tactical value of integrating jamming systems onto UGV platforms. The paper presents examples
of specific technological solutions and outlines future development directions involving the
implementation of artificial intelligence. Special attention is given to aligning technological
advancement with operational demands, while addressing challenges related to security,
communication, and autonomy
The Homeland War in the region of Ogulin
No full textOvaj rad analizira tijek i posljedice Domovinskog rata na ogulinskog području, prostoru od
iznimne strateške važnosti u središnjoj Hrvatskoj. Smješten na jednom od „najužih“ dijelova
hrvatskog teritorija na kojem je između Slovenije i Bosne i Hercegovine tek nešto više od 50
kilometara zračne udaljenosti, ogulinski kraj imao je ključnu ulogu očuvanja teritorijalne
cjelovitosti Republike Hrvatske.
Kroz povijesni pregled, demografsku analizu i vojna zbivanja, rad prikazuje kako višestoljetne
napetosti između Hrvata i Srba, proizašle iz sukoba oko zemlje, identiteta i vlasti, eskaliraju u
otvoreni sukob 1991. Posebna pažnja posvećena je lokalnim zajednicama Ogulina, Saborskog,
Plaškog i Josipdola gdje su otpor civila i djelovanje hrvatskih snaga bili presudni u sprječavanju
teritorijalnog presijecanja države. Rad naglašava važnost lokalnih bojišta kao temeljnih točaka
obrane, bez kojih ne bi bilo moguće sačuvati cjelovitost i suverenitet moderne hrvatske države.This paper analyzes the course and consequences of the Homeland War in the Ogulin area, a region
of exceptional strategic importance in central Croatia. Located at one of the narrowest points of
Croatian territory where the aerial distance between Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina is just
over 50 kilometers the Ogulin region played a key role in preserving the territorial integrity of the
Republic of Croatia.
Through historical overview, demographic analysis, and military developments, the paper
illustrates how centuries long tensions between Croats and Serbs stemming from disputes over
land, identity, and political power escalated into open conflict in 1991 Special attention is given
to the local communities of Ogulin, Saborsko, Plaški, and Josipdol, where civilian resistance and
the actions of Croatian forces were crucial in preventing the territorial division of the state. The
paper emphasizes the importance of local battlefronts as critical points of defense. without which
the preservation of a sovereign and unified Croatian state would not have been possible