Repository of Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"
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Military Virtues and Social Order
No full textVojnici su tihi čuvari društva, institucija, političkog poretka, drugim riječima zaštitnici ravnoteže
i mira koji svakodnevno uživamo i često olako percipiramo kao nešto podrazumijevajuće.
Uzimajući u obzir značaj uloge u zajednici, povjerenje u vojsku i razumijevanje biti vojnog
poziva nužan su preduvjet koji narod mora ispuniti kako bi ovaj zajednički mehanizam
funkcionirao. Razvitkom kroz povijest i naučene lekcije možemo izdvojiti nužne karakteristike
koje čine kvalitetnog vojnika i čovjeka. Kako bi postao izvrstan vojnik, pojedinac mora težiti ne
samo ka razvoju svojih sposobnosti i znanja, već i izgradnji vlastitog karaktera i uma. Svaki bi
čovjek, poput vojnika, trebao za cilj imati samoostvarenje, ali i doprinos boljitku i razvoju
društva. Demokracija, kao oblik političko – društvenog uređenja naglasak svojih temeljnih ideja
stavlja upravo na čovjeka i tako pridaje na značaju društvu u cijelosti. Postoji li savršeno
društveno uređenje, koliko je demokracija u teoriji blizu ka ostvarenju takvog stanja i koje su to
vrline koje vojni poziv njeguje, a poželjne su za svakog čovjeka samo su neka od pitanja kojima
se bavi ovaj rad.Soldiers are the silent guardians of society, institutions, and political order, in the other words,
protectors of the balance and peace that we enjoy every day and often take for granted. Taking
into account the importance of the role in the community, trust in the military and understanding
of the essence of the military service are necessary prerequisites that the people must fulfill in
order for this joint mechanism to function. Through development and lessons learned through
history, we can single out the necessary characteristics that make a quality soldier and human
being. In order to become an excellent soldier, an individual must strive not only to develop his
abilities and knowledge, but also to build his own character and mind. Every man, like a soldier,
should aim for self-realization, but also to contribute to the betterment and development of
society. Democracy, as a form of political and social organization, places the emphasis of its
fundamental ideas precisely on man and thus gives importance to society as a whole. Is there a
perfect social arrangement, how close is democracy in theory to the realization of such a state,
and what are the virtues that the military service nurtures, and are desirable for every man, are
just some of the questions that this paper deals with
Hybrid and electric powertrains of infantry armored vehicles
No full textTijekom razvoja kotačnih borbenih vozila pješaštva težilo se inovacijama i korištenju novih tehnologija. Kroz povijest bilo je različitih primjera borbenih oklopnih vozila, sve dok nije došlo do svojesvrsne standardizacije borbenih vozila pješaštva početkom 21. stoljeća. Pojavom hibridnih i električnih komercijalnih vozila počela su se razvijati i hibridna i električna kotačna borbena
vozila pješaštva. Prednosti električnih i hibridnih pogonskih sustava očitiju se prije svega u smanjenoj potrošnji goriva te mogućnostima tihog načina rada i fleksibilnosti pogonskog sustava. U okviru ovog završnog rada obrađeni su pogonski sustavi suvremenih kotačnih borbenih vozila pješaštva. Prikazana su karakteristična rješenja i trendovi razvoja pogonskih sustava borbenih
oklopnih vozila pješaštva. Napravljen je pregled i analiza značajki hibridnih i električnih pogonskih sustava te je napravljena usporedba s klasičnim pogonskim sustavima.During the development of wheeled infantry fighting vehicles, innovations and the use of new
technologies were sought. Throughout history, there have been various examples of armoured
fighting vehicles, until a form of standardization of infantry fighting vehicles occurred at the
beginning of the 21st century. With the introduction of hybrid and electric commercial vehicles,
the development of hybrid and electric wheeled infantry fighting vehicles also began.
The advantages of electric and hybrid drive systems are evident above all in the reduced fuel
consumption, possibilities of stealth operation and flexibility of the drive system. In the
framework of this final thesis, the drive systems of modern wheeled infantry fighting vehicles
were described. Characteristic solutions and trends in the development of powertrain for infantry
fighting armoured vehicles are presented. An overview with analysis of the features of hybrid
and electric powertrains was given and comparison with classic powertrains was made
SIGINT development and usage in World War Two
No full textU ovom radu će biti opisana obavještajna djelovanje i definiranje samog pojma u razdoblju
Drugog svjetskog rata, koje su agencije različitih država aktivno sudjelovale u operacijama za
vrijeme rata. Definiranje pojma SIGINT odnosno elektroničko izviđanje kao obavještajne
discipline prikupljanja podataka iz elektromagnetskog okružja, sami razvoj SIGINT-a od antike
sve do kraja Drugog svjetskog rata na primjeru stvaranja jednostavnih šifriranih poruka važnih
za ratne operacije do kompleksnih elektroničkih uređaja poput njemačke Enigme te kasnijeg
razvoja Colossusa kao preteče današnjih računala, prikaz obavještajnih agencija i njihov razvoj u
povijesti. Naposljetku su opisane konkretne operacije agencija za elektroničko izviđanje koje su
obilježile ratna zbivanja i doprinijele razvoju same discipline elektroničkog izviđanja.This paper will explain the purpose of intelligence in the period of World War II and which
agencies actively participated in the operations during the war. What is SIGINT or Signals
Intelligence as a Intelligence gathering discipline in the electromagnetic field. The development
of SIGINT from the Roman period with the usage of simple methods of ciphering messages
important in the war operations to the end of World War II when complex ciphering machines,
like Enigma, apperaed and the appearance of the Colossus, the forerunner of the first computers,
review of the intelligence agencies and their development throughout history. In the end it will
be described the operations conducted by the signals intelligence agencies which marked the war
events and contributed to the growth of the signals intelligence discipline
Organized crime as a security threat in Southeast Europe
No full textCilj ovog rada je proučiti organizirani kriminal koji se pojavio na području Balkana krajem 20. i
početkom 21. stoljeća koji predstavlja veliku prijetnju državi, građanima, poduzećima i
institucijama. Rad se bavi institucionalizacijom organiziranog kriminala i njegovog utjecaja na
sigurnost kao jedne od ključnih ugroza u europskom kontekstu. Kroz rad biti će prikazani glavni
akteri organiziranog kriminala u Srbiji tih godina i politička ubojstva koja su izvršena. Sadržaj
rada opisuje početak kriminalnih radnji, njihov napredak odnosno povećanje, te infiltraciju
pojedinaca u državne institucije koji su se tada postavili kao glavni akteri kako kriminalne tako i
političke scene. Završetak rada opisuje sudbinu vodećih pojedinaca povezanih sa organiziranim
kriminalnom ali i onih koji su se vodili borbu protiv istih pojedinaca.The purpose of this paper is to study the organized crime that appeared in the Balkans at the end
of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, which represents a great threat to the state,
citizens, companies and institutions. The paper deals with the institutionalization of organized
crime and its impact on security as one of the key threats in the European context. The content
will show the main actors of organized crime in Serbia in those years and the political murders
that were committed. Also, the content of the paper describes the beginning of criminal
activities, their progress or increase, and infiltration of individuals into state institutions, which
then became the main actors of both the criminal and political scenes. The end of the study
describes the fate of the leading individuals associated with organized crime, and also those who
fought against the same individuals
A review of armor protection of infantry armored vehicles
No full textU završnom radu obrađeni su sustavi zaštite borbenih oklopnih vozila pješaštva. Detaljno su
prikazane vrste materijala koji se primjenjuju pri izradi pasivne zaštite i načini na koji se oni
proizvode. Nadalje, navedeni su kemijski i metalurški procesi za dobivanje potrebne razine
zaštite gdje se pod kemijskim procesima misli na stvaranje ojačanih legura čvrstog materijala
poput čelika, a pod metalurškim procesima na strojnu obradu oklopnih ploča kojima se dodatno
povećavaju obrambene mogućnosti. Osim pasivne zaštite, u radu se govori i o aktivnim
sustavima zaštite vozila. Aktivni sustavi zaštite posrednim putem utječu na djelovanje projektila
na način da udarnim valom ili fragmentima skreću i/ili uništavaju prijetnju. Oni su većoj mjeri
još uvijek u fazi razvoja zbog jedinog problema koji se s njima veže, a to su kolateralne žrtve.This final thesis explains modern protection systems for infantry fighting vehicles. Types of
materials used in the production of passive armour are presented in detail, as well as the ways in
which they are processed. Furthermore, chemical, and metallurgical processes for obtaining
required level of protection are described, where chemical processes mean the way of creating
reinforced alloys such as steel, and metallurgical processes mean how they were produced,
machined. The final thesis also discusses vehicle active protection system. Active protection
systems influence projectile directly or indirectly to disable it. Active protection systems are
largely still in the development phase because of the high risk of collateral victims
Child Soldiers
No full textMeđunarodna politika obuhvaća u svom postojanju i aspekt djece. Djeca se sve više pojavljuju
kao vojnici, sudionici ratnih sukoba i zločina, na direktan ili indirektan način. Često korišteni kao
posrednici u najokrutnijim zbivanjima, postaju žrtve teških životnih okolnosti. Brojne
međunarodne organizacije bave se problemom djece vojnika te na taj način postaju objekti
međunarodne sigurnosti. Posvećenost ovome problemu jača, jer prava djeteta se u posljednjih
nekoliko desetljeća stavljaju u prvi plan svake vizije, s obzirom na činjenicu podizanja važnosti
civilnih žrtava. Cilj rada je proučiti sam pojam „djece vojnika“, pobliže istražiti i prikazati
proces nastajanja dječje vojske, ali i samog života jednog djeteta koje se uputilo u tome smjeru,
naglašavajući međunarodnu zajednicu kao moguće rješenje ovog globalnog problema. Važnost
rada je i u psihološkom aspektu i utjecaju ovakvog života na život djeteta i njegovo daljnje
psihološko razvijanje. Posebnu pozornost pridodaje se rješenjima, pomoći i ostalim načinima
zaštite djece od rata kao pojave koja razara živote nevinih, gdje su ključ za uspjeh međunarodne
zajednice.International politics includes children in its existence and aspect. Children are increasingly
appearing as soldiers, participants in war conflicts and crimes, in a direct or indirect way. Often
used as mediators in the most cruel events, they become victims of difficult life circumstances. A
number of international organizations deal with the problem of child soldiers and thus become
objects of international security. The commitment to this problem is getting stronger, because in
the last few decades, the rights of the child have been placed in the forefront of every vision,
considering the fact that the importance of civilian victims has been raised. The aim of the work
is to study the very concept of "children of a community of soldiers", to investigate and present
the process of the creation of a children's army, but also the life of one child who went in that
direction, emphasizing the international as a possible solution to this global problem. The
importance of work is also in the psychological aspect and the influence of this kind of life on
the child's life and his further psychological development. Special attention is given to solutions,
aid and other ways of protecting children from war as a phenomenon that destroys the lives of
innocents, where they are the key to the success of the international community
The development and impact of new technologies on doctrines and tactics in the 20th century
No full textKroz povijest su promjene u načinu vođenja rata bile usko vezane uz tehnološke napretke i
inovacije. Od Arhimedove obrane Sirakuze uz pomoć velikih zrcala koja su palila brodove, prve
upotrebe baruta u ratu, do razvoja tenka, kako bi se razbila pat pozicija na Zapadnom bojištu u
Prvom svjetskom ratu, jedna je stvar ostala ista. Svaka zaraćena strana kontinuirano pokušava
pronaći inovativne načine uz pomoć kojih će steći prednost nad svojim protivnikom i pobijediti
na bojnome polju. Razvojem novih tehnologija, uzročno posljedično mijenja se i način vođenja
rata, kako bi se na što bolji način iskoristilo novo sredstvo. Na koji su način tijekom 20. stoljeća
nove tehnološke inovacije utjecale na način vođenja rata te kako su se oblikovale doktrine i
taktike, samo su neka od pitanja kojima se bavi ovaj rad.Throughout history, changes in the way wars are waged is closely related to technological
advances and innovations. From Archimedes' defense of Syracuse with large mirrors that ignited
ships, the first use of gunpowder in war, to the development of the tank to break the stalemate on
the Western Front in World War I, one thing remained the same. Each warring party is
continuously trying to find innovative ways to gain an advantage over their opponent and win on
the battlefield. With the development of new technologies, the way of waging war changes as
well, in order to use the novel weaponry in the best possible way. The way new technological
innovations influenced the way war was conducted during the 20th century and how doctrines
and tactics were shaped are just some of the questions that this paper deals with
Application of neural networks for the detection and classification of artillery targets
No full textNeural networks have been in use since the 1950s and are increasingly prevalent
in various domains of human activity, including military applications. Notably,
GoogLeNet and convolutional neural networks, when appropriately trained, are
instrumental in identifying and detecting individual objects within a complex set.
In military scenarios, neural networks play a crucial role in the fire support process,
especially when receiving target descriptions from forward observers. These networks
are trained on image datasets to recognize specific features of individual elements or
military objects, such as vehicles. As a result of this training, when presented with a
new image, the network can accurately determine the type of vehicle, expediting the
targeting process and enhancing the ability to provide a suitable response. This paper
describes the application of neural networks for detecting and classifying artillery
targets. It presents a specific problem and proposes a scientific solution, including
explaining the methodology used and the results obtained
Nonelectric initiation system application for ammunition treatment by detonation
No full textRepublika Hrvatska već godinama vrši uništavanje UbS-a koji je neperspektivan, neispravan ili
pronađen kao zaostao iz Domovinskog rata. Tijekom godina UbS postaje neperspektivan zbog
krivog načina održavanja, skladištenja, transporta ili jednostavno zbog samih rokova trajanja
UbS-a. Takav UbS za koji se procjeni da je neupotrebljiv odlazi na uništavanje ili na
delaboraciju.
Postoje različite vrste uništavanja i delaboracije koje su se razvile kroz godine, no u ovom radu
će se obraditi korištenje neelektričnog sustava za iniciranje kod uništavanja streljiva
delaboracijom s njegovim prednostima i nedostacima. Uz sam neelektrični sustav iniciranja,
potrebno je istaknuti i mjere sigurnosti kao bitnu stavku kod provedbe obuke osoblja za
uništavanje UbS-a. Uz mjere sigurnosti još jedno od poglavlja koje će biti obrađeno je utjecaj
uništavanja UbS-a na eko sustav, s obzirom na to da je ekologija danas izrazito prisutna u
svijetu.For years, the Republic of Croatia has been destroying the ordnance, which is unpromising,
defective or found to be left over from the Homeland War. Over the years, ordnance becomes
unpromising due to the wrong way of maintenance, storage, transport, or simply because of the
deadlines of ordnance. Such ordnance, which is judged to be unusable, goes to be destroyed or
deconstructed.
There are different types of destruction and delaboration that have developed over the years, but
this paper will cover the use of a non-electric initiation system in the destruction of ammunition
by delaboration with its advantages and disadvantages. In addition to the non-electrical
initiation system itself, it is necessary to emphasize safety measures as an essential item when
implementing the training of personnel for the destruction of ordnance. In addition to safety
measures, another chapter that will be addressed is the impact of the destruction of ordnance on
the eco system, given that ecology is extremely present in the world today
The perspective of establishing a European army
No full textIdeja o suradnji europskih država u sigurnosnom smislu javlja se već 1950. godine objavom
Plevenovog plana. Iako realizacija projekta nije doživjela svjetlo dana, pitanje uspostave
europske vojske i dalje je aktualno. Europski federalisti zagovornici su ove ideje i smatraju kako
prednosti, poput postojanja jedinstvene vojne snage zadužene za zaštitu europskog društva i
identiteta, nadilaze moguće negativne posljedice kao što su narušavanja odnosa sa Sjedinjenim
Američkim Državama. Uzimajući u obzir povezanost zemalja na drugim područjima, ali i sve
potencijalne prepreke pri donošenju odluke, sigurnosti morat će odraditi zahtjevan posao. Ako
do navedene odredbe i dođe, ona će predstavljati samo prvi korak u procesu uspostave
zajedničkih snaga. U radu se analizira isplativost projekta te tri najzastupljenija modela
formiranja: model europskih obrambenih snaga, model snaga za brzu intervenciju te model
borbenih skupina. Završno prikazani su stavovi građana prikupljeni eurobarometrom čiji glas
nositelja vlasti u demokratskom sustavu igra veliku ulogu.The idea of cooperation between European states in terms of security was born in 1950 with the
publication of the Pleven Plan. Although the project implementation did not see the light of day,
the question of establishing a European army is still relevant. The European federalists are
advocates of this idea. They believe that the advantages such as the existence of a single military
force in charge of protecting European society and identity, outweigh the possible negative
consequences such as negative relations with the United States. Considering the connection of
the countries in other areas and the potential obstacles in making the decision, the Security
Council will have to do the demanding work. If the provisions come to pass, it will represent
only the first step in the process of establishing joint forces. The paper analyzes the profitability
of the project and the three most common formation models: the European defense force model,
the rapid intervention force model, and the combat group model. In the end, the views of the
citizens collected by the Eurobarometer are presented, and whose voice of the power holder
plays a major role in the democratic system