Repository of Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"
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Military propaganda on the example of Russia
No full textU ovom završnom radu bit će obrađena tema propagande, počevši sa osvrtom na neke od
definicija stranih i domaćih stručnjaka, ali i definicije koje možemo pronaći u Hrvatskoj
enciklopediji. Zatim, fokus ćemo prebaciti na ratnu propagandu koja se kroz povijest koristila za
oblikovanje javnog mnijenja i podrške vojnim akcijama, te ćemo obrazložiti pojam
dezinformacije koja je usko povezana uz samu propagandu. U drugom poglavlju bit će opisana
Rusija kao predmet studije slučaja i dan osvrt na složene međunarodne odnose te obrambenu
politiku Rusije koja je strukturirana poučena prošlošću poglavito za vrijeme Sovjetskog Saveza.
U trećem poglavlju obrađeni su primjeri ratne propagande i na koje sve načine je ona korištena
tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata, Drugog svjetskog rata i Hladnog rata. Na kraju samog rada
dolazimo do suvremene i popularne teme današnjice, rata u Ukrajini. U zadnjem poglavlju rad se
fokusira na primjere propagande i uloge medija te kakav utjecaj dezinformacije koje se šire tom
propagandom mogu utjecati na stanovništvo Rusije.In this final paper, the topic of propaganda will be addressed, starting with a review of
some of the definitions of foreign and domestic experts, as well as definitions that can be found
in the Croatian Encyclopedia. Next, we will shift the focus to war propaganda, which throughout
history has been used to shape public opinion and support for military actions, and we will
explain the concept of disinformation, which is closely related to propaganda itself. In the second
chapter, Russia will be described as the subject of a case study and an overview will be given of
complex international relations and the defense policy of Russia, which is structured and taught
by the past, especially during the Soviet Union. The third chapter deals with examples of the
war propaganda and in what ways it was used during the First World War, the Second World
War and the Cold War. At the end of the paper itself, we come to the contemporary and popular
topic of today, the war in Ukraine. In the last chapter, the work focuses on the examples of
propaganda and the role of the media, and what impact misinformation spread by that
propaganda can have on the population of Russia
Comparison of the destructive power of 5.56x45 and 7.62x39 bullets
No full textKalibar 5.56×45 mm upotrebljavaju zemlje članice NATO-a, dok 7.62×39 mm zemlje koje su
bile unutar Varšavskog pakta ili države koje koriste naoružanje Sovjetskog/Ruskog porijekla. U
radu se analizira koji je od ovih kalibara ima veću razornu moć. Oba metka imaju određene
prednosti: prednost zrna 7.62 mm je što proizvodi veću kinetičku energiju i većih je dimenzija,
dok je zrno 5.56 mm brže i više se fragmentira unutar mete. Mana zrna 7.62 je ta što je sporije u
odnosu na 5.56, dok je mana zrna 5.56 to što teže prolazi kroz određene materijale u odnosu na
7.62. Prilikom odabira kalibra moraju se u obzir uzeti određeni segmenti kao što su: udaljenost
mete, tvrdoća mete te kojim se naoružanjem raspolaže.NATO members employ 5.56×45 mm caliber rifles, while 7.62 × 39 mm are used by countries
that were within the Warsaw Pact or by States using Soviet/Russian-origin weapons. The paper
analyses which one of these calibers has more destructive power. Both bullets have certain
advantages: the advantage of the 7.62 mm bullet is that it produces greater kinetic energy and is
larger in size, while the 5.56 mm bullet is faster and more fragmented inside the target. The
defect of bullet 7.62 is that it is slower than 5.56, while the defect of bullet 5.56 is that it is
harder to pass through certain materials than it is 7.62. The caliber selection shall take into
account certain segments such as target distance, target hardness, and the weapons available
Gunshot injuries of the upper extremities and a case study of an upper arm gunshot wound
No full textOvaj rad bavi se prostrijelnim ozljedama gornjih ekstremiteta, opisivanjem i definiranjem ratne
kirurgije i rada medicinske službe u ratu. Opisuje obilježja prostrijelnih ozljeda općenito te
prostrijelnih ozljeda ruke. Također, objašnjava važnost ratne kirurgije i način zbrinjavanja
ranjenika na terenu.
U radu se također opisuje studija slučaja iz Domovinskog rata koji služi kao konkretan primjer
ranije spomenutog općeg dijela. Ova studija slučaja prikazuje ozljedu nadlaktice dum-dum
metkom te njezino zbrinjavanje od trenutka ranjavanja do konačnog stanja. Cilj rada je pokazati
kako u ratnim uvjetima nije uvijek moguće pružiti idealnu medicinsku skrb, no medicinsko
osoblje uvijek se trudi pružiti optimalnu pomoć te prvenstveno spasiti život, a zatim i sanirati
ozljedu.This paper deals with gunshot wounds of the upper extremities, describing and defining war
surgery and the work of the medical service in war. It describes the characteristics of gunshot
wounds in general and gunshot wounds to the hand. It also explains the importance of war
surgery and the way to care for the wounded in the field.
The paper also describes a case study from the Croatian War of Independence, which serves as a
concrete example of the previously mentioned general part. This case study presents a dum-dum
bullet injury to the upper arm and its management, from the time of injury to the final condition.
The aim of the work is to show that in war conditions it is not always possible to provide ideal
medical care, but the medical staff always tries to provide optimal help and primarily save a life,
and then rehabilitate the injury
Contemporary Stratocracy: The case study of Burma
No full textTema rada je analiza i definiranje razlika između tradicionalnih (latinoameričkih) vojnih hunti i
vojnih diktatura (stratokracija) te kako je vojska bila značajan faktor u donošenju važnih
političkih odluka. Analizirat će se sociološki aspekti vojne diktature te civilno-vojni odnosi, ali i
razlozi vojnih intervencija u politiku. Nakon toga spomenut ćemo neke od primjera modernih
stratokracija, odnosno Mjanmar (Burma) kao glavni primjer, fokusirajući se na vojsku koja je
postala najutjecajnija politička struja u zemlji nakon proglašenja Burmine neovisnosti.The topic of the paper is the analysis and definition of the differences between traditional
(Latino-American) military juntas and military dictatorships (stratocracies) and how the army
was a significant factor in making important political decisions. The sociological aspects of
military dictatorship and civil-military relations will be analyzed, as well as the reasons for
military interventions in politics. After that, we will mention some of the examples of modern
stratocracies, namely Myanmar (Burma) as the main example, focusing on the military which
became the most influential political stream in the country after the declaration of Burma's
independence
NATO AND The Western Balkans - challenges and perspectives
No full textNATO i države Zapadnog Balkana međusobno surađuju duži niz godina, no u povijesti su se i
sukobljavali. Rad se bavi pogledom na Zapadni Balkan iz perspektive Sjevernoatlantskog saveza
te ujedno obrađuje temeljne koncepte NATO-a kako bi se prepoznale glavne odrednice u
budućoj međusobnoj suradnji i mogućem pristupanju preostalih država Zapadnog Balkana
Savezu. Analizira se svaka država Zapadnog Balkana pojedinačno kroz nacionalne strategije,
ostale ključne dokumente, ali i izjave političkih čelnika država koje su relevantne za pitanje
međusobnih odnosa sa Savezom te se uočavaju faze u procesu pridruživanja za države Zapadnog
Balkana koje još nisu dio NATO-a. Ujedno se istražuje utjecaj trećih država, odnosno država
koje nisu dio NATO-a, ali koje pokazuju interes za prostor Zapadnog Balkana, među kojima su
glavne Rusija, Kina, Turska, a djelomično i zaljevske zemlje. Cilj rada je analizirati koji su to
izazovi koji utječu na odnose između država Zapadnog Balkana i NATO-a te koje su to
međusobne buduće perspektive. Pretpostavlja se da će se izazovi teže savladavati te da će to
voditi prema zahladnjenju odnosa između Zapadnog Balkana i NATO-a.NATO and the countries of the Western Balkans have cooperated with each other for many
years, but in history they have also clashed. The paper deals with the view of the Western
Balkans from the perspective of the North Atlantic Alliance and at the same time deals with the
basic concepts of NATO in order to recognize the main determinants in future mutual
cooperation and the possible accession of the remaining Western Balkan countries to the
Alliance. Each country of the Western Balkans is analyzed individually through national
strategies, other key documents, but also the statements of the leaders of the countries that are
relevant to the question of mutual relations with the Alliance, and the stages in the accession
process for the countries of the Western Balkans that are not yet part of NATO are observed. At
the same time, the influence of third countries, i.e. countries that are not part of NATO, but
which show an interest in the Western Balkans, is being investigated, among which the main
ones are Russia, China, Turkey and partly the Gulf countries. The aim of the upcoming work is
to analyze what challenges are affecting the relations between the countries of the Western
Balkans and NATO and what are the mutual future perspectives. It is assumed that the
challenges will be more difficult to overcome and that this will lead to a cooling of the relations
between the Western Balkans and NATO
Simulations comparison of constant stohastic wind effects on an unguided rocket using different probability distributions
No full textOvaj rad istražuje utjecaj vjetra na preciznost gađanja nevođene rakete pomoću Monte Carlo
simulacija.
Cilj rada je usporediti utjecaj različitih distribucija vjerojatnosti na disperziju padnih točaka
rakete pod utjecajem konstantnog stohastičkog vjetra. U tu svrhu, za slučajno generiranje pravca
i intenziteta vjetra, koriste se dvije najčešće distribucije: Gaussova distribucija i Rayleighova
distribucija.
Nakon provedenih simulacija, dobiveni rezultati se analiziraju i uspoređuju. Grafički su
prikazane padne točke za obje distribucije vjerojatnosti, uz naglasak na njihovu raspodjelu,
rasipanje i udaljenost od cilja. Iz dobivenih rezultata proizlazi da Gaussova distribucija pruža
manje rasipanje padnih točaka oko cilja u usporedbi s Rayleighovom distribucijom.
S obzirom da vjetar, od svih atmosferskih uvjeta, najviše utječe na poremećaj putanje projektila
te rasipanje padnih točaka, bitno je njegovo poznavanje prilikom analize i planiranja gađanja
nevođenih raketa. Razumijevanje utjecaja vjetra na putanju projektila može pomoći u donošenju
boljih odluka u vezi s preciznošću i sigurnošću gađanja.This paper explores the impact of wind on the accuracy of unguided rockets through Monte
Carlo simulations. The aim of the study is to compare the impact of different probability
distributions on the dispersion of rocket impact points under the influence of constant stochastic
wind. For this purpose, two common distributions are used for randomly generating the direction
and intensity of the wind: the Gaussian distribution and the Rayleigh distribution.
After conducting the simulations, the obtained results are analyzed and compared. The impact
points for both probability distributions are graphically represented, with emphasis on their
distribution, dispersion, and distance from the target. The results indicate that the Gaussian
distribution provides less dispersion of impact points around the target compared to the Rayleigh
distribution.
Given that wind, among all atmospheric conditions, has the greatest impact on the disturbance of
the projectile's trajectory and the dispersion of impact points, its understanding is essential
during the analysis and planning of unguided rocket attacks. Understanding the influence of
wind on the projectile's path can help make better decisions regarding the accuracy and safety in
targeting
Comparison of IT service management systems in the defense field
No full textZbog inovacija, digitalizacije procesa i automatizacije proizvodnje, informacijske tehnologije sve
brže napreduju. Zbog toga se još uvijek traži najbolji okvir i model za upravljanje informacijskih
usluga u nekoj organizaciji.
Diplomski rad se temelji na informacijskoj tehnologiji, njenim metodama procjene kvalitete
same IT usluge je li zadovoljavaju potrebe poduzeća i njegovih klijenata, kao i procese IT koji su
ključna komponenta upravljanja informacijskom tehnologijom i metrike jer pomažu u mjerenju
djelotvornosti i učinkovitosti dostave informatičkih usluga. Životni ciklus ITSM-a uključuje
različite faze, osnovan je da u prvom planu ima ljude, procese i tehnološke aspekte
informacijskih sustava. Usporedbom normi i standarda u IT-u, kao i posebnim poglavljem za
metodologiju SIAM ukazuje se na mogućnost primjene u obrambenom području i
informacijskim sustavima u obrambenom sektoru.As a result of innovation, process digitalisation and production automation, information
technologies are progressing faster. This is why the best framework and model for the
management of information services are still required in an organisation.
Paper is based on information technology, its quality assessment methods itself that meet the
needs of action and its customers, as well as IT processes that are a key component of
information technology management and metrics as they help to measure the effectiveness and
efficiency of IT service delivery. The life cycle of ITSM involves different phases, set up to have
people, processes and technology aspects of information systems in the first plan. A comparison
of norms and standards in IT, as well as a special chapter for the SIAM methodology, indicates
the possibility of application in the defence field and information systems in the defence sector
Climate Changes, the Role of Economic Diplomacy and the Impact on Global Security
No full textThe rise in temperature and climate change is already taking on worrying proportions
that seriously affect the security challenges for national security, especially the part
related to economic diplomacy. The Paris Agreement currently does not provide an
adequate response to reduce the consequences of climate change planned until 2030.
This directly affects geopolitical stability, social insecurity and seriously threatens the
world economy. As one of the responses to the threat of climate change, and thus to
national and international security, the concretization of economic diplomacy as an
essential aspect of national and international security is imposed. If climate change
reaches the stage of an uncontrolled process, the international community could face
challenges that can cause cataclysmic consequences. For this reason, climate change
is becoming one of the key topics for thinking about global securityPorast temperature i klimatske promjene u cjelini već danas poprimaju zabrinjavajuće razmjere, koji nose ozbiljne izazove za globalnu sigurnost, posebno dio koji se odnosi na gospodarsku diplomaciju. Pariški dogovor zasad ne daje primjeren odgovor u cilju smanjenja posljedica klimatskih promjena, planiranog do 2030. godine. Time se na izravan način negativno utječe na geopolitičku stabilnost i socijalnu nesigurnost te ozbiljno ugrožava svjetsko gospodarstvo. Kao jedan od odgovora na opasnost od klimatskih promjena, a time i za nacionalnu i globalnu sigurnost, nameće se konkretizacija djelovanja gospodarske diplomacije kao važnog aspekta nacionalne i globalne sigurnosti. Dođu li klimatske promjene u fazu nekontroliranog procesa, međunarodna zajednica mogla bi se suočiti s izazovima koji mogu prouzročiti kataklizmičke posljedice. Zbog te činjenice, klimatske promjene postaju jednom od ključnih tema za promišljanje globalne sigurnosti
Military operations in cyberspace
No full textOvaj završni rad pruža analizu operacija u kibernetičkom prostoru s naglaskom na usporedbu
pristupa Danske, Sjedinjenih Američkih Država (SAD-a), NATO-a i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva
(UK-a). Kroz usporedbu, analiziraju se razlike u definiranju operacija u kibernetičkom prostoru,
ali isto tako i zajednički elementi. Usporedba pruža uvid u različite pristupe, a to može biti
prvenstveno korisno za vojne stručnjake, kao i za sve one zainteresirane za ovo područje.This paper provides an analysis of cyberspace operations with an emphasis on comparing the
approaches of Denmark, the United States of America (USA), the NATO alliance, and the
United Kingdom (UK). The comparison analyzes the differences in defining cyberspace
operations, but also the common elements. It offers insights into various approaches, which can
be valuable primarily for military experts and anyone interested in this field
The influence of the Sun on the Ionosphere and the propagation of radio waves
No full textSunce konstantno emitira radijaciju i ionizirane čestice putem solarnog vjetra, a može doći i do
naglog povećanja emisije tijekom fenomena kao što su solarna baklja i koronalni izbačaji mase.
Sunčeva aktivnost prati 11-godišnji ciklus te je u direktnoj korelaciji s brojem Sunčevih pjega.
Povećana radijacija sa Sunca uzrokuje intenzivniju ionizaciju u slojevima ionosfere te pridonosi
povećanju njihove gustoće. U radu je opisan utjecaj Sunca na ionosferu i VF radijsku
komunikaciju koja za propagaciju valova koristi refleksiju od ionosfere. Pomoću programa
VOACAP provedena je analiza kretanja maksimalne upotrebljive frekvencije (MUF) tijekom
različitih uvjeta Sunčevog djelovanja, odnosno tijekom izmjene dana i noći, solarnog
maksimuma i solarnog minimuma te izmjene godišnjih doba (odnos ljeto-zima).The Sun continuously emits radiation and ionized particles via the solar wind, also rapid
increases in the level of emission can occur during events such as solar flares and coronal mass
ejections. The Sun's activity follows an 11-year cycle, which is in direct correlation with the
number of Sunspots. Increased solar radiation causes more intense ionization of the ionospheric
layers and contributes to the increase in their density. This paper depicts the influence of the Sun
on the ionosphere and HF radio communication, which uses the reflection of the ionosphere for
radio wave propagation. Using the VOACAP program, an analysis of the movement of the
maximum usable frequency (MUF) was carried out for different conditions of solar activity, that
is, for the alternation of day and night, solar maximum and solar minimum, and the alternation of
seasons (summer-winter alternation)