Repository of Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"
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Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Support of Artillery Operations
No full textUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) recently gain more importance due to their use in military operations and the fight against terrorism. Military forces must follow and encourage the development of modern technologies to improve their tactical and strategic capabilities. It has been shown that in the 21st century, the countries that more extensively use UAVs typically dominate in military operations. The UAVs development announces a significant change in the concept of warfare. An analysis of the UAVs’ employment in the Croatian Armed Forces (CAF) shows poor usage of the UAVs. This paper analyses the application of UAVs in the role of the forward observer for artillery operations, based on the experience of the armed forces worldwide. It is proposed to introduce UAVs into the artillery fire support system to increase the capabilities of artillery weapons, including the suggestion to equip the CAF with contemporary UAVs to match capabilities that the armed forces of some other countries have already achieved
Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Ottoman Empire with special emphasis on the process of Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textNaslovljeni sadržaj Bosna i Hercegovina za vrijeme Osmanskog Carstva s posebnim naglaskom
na proces islamizacije Bosne i Hercegovine govori o razdoblju Bosne i Hercegovine od početaka
upada osmanske vojske na područje Bosne i Hercegovine do mira potpisanoga u Srijemskim
Karlovcima 1699. godine. Rad obuhvaća nekoliko cjelina počevši od vremena prije dolaska
Osmanlija na prostore Bosne i Hercegovine, odnosno od vremena srednjovjekovne Bosne.
Nakon toga počinju se opisivati osmanska osvajanja Bosne i Hercegovine te ustroj i organizacija
okupiranoga teritorija nakon samoga zauzimanja Bosne. Poslije toga, kao glavni dio samoga
rada, detaljno se opisuje proces i način odvijanja prelaska na islam nemuslimanskog,
starosjedilačkog stanovništva u Bosni. Isto tako, spominju se sandžaci i pašaluci kao način
organizacije teritorija radi lakšeg upravljanja i nadgledanja. Na kraju, opisan je i položaj crkava
u samom Osmanskom Carstvu te njihov status koji su imali. Zadnji naslov, prije konačnog
zaključka teme jest sam slom Osmanskog Carstva nakon mira u Srijemskim Karlovcima 1699.
godine.The written work "Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Ottoman Empire with a special emphasis
on the process of Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina" discusses the period of Bosnia and
Herzegovina from the beginning of the Ottoman army's invasion on the country's territory until
the peace treaty that was concluded in Srijemski Karlovci in 1699. The work spans numerous
time periods beginning with Bosnian medieval era, a time before the Ottomans firstly entered in
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Following that, descriptions of the Ottoman conquests of Bosnia and
Herzegovina as well as the layout and administration of the conquered region following the
takeover of Bosnia itself start to be given. The approach and manner of the non-Muslim,
indigenous population of Bosnia's conversion to Islam is then recounted in depth as the work's
elementary body of work. Also cited as a technique to organize the region for simpler control
and oversight are sandjaks and pashalukas. The role and status of the churches inside the
Ottoman Empire are discussed towards the conclusion. The demise of the Ottoman Empire
following the peace at Srijemski Karlovci in 1699 is the last title before the topic's final analysis
Charging system of an V - 46TK engine
No full textU glavne borbene tenkove Oružanih snaga Republike Hrvatske ugrađena je pogonska jedinica V46 TK koja je specifična po nominalnoj snazi motora. Naime, radi se o dvanaesto cilindričnom
Diesel-ovom motoru snage 735 kW (1000KS), koji svoju snagu može zahvaliti sustavu
turbopunjača za prednabijanje. U ovom završnom radu dani su detaljan pregled rada sustava
prednabijanja u tenku M-84A, kao i turbopunjača općenito. U teorijskom dijelu rada nalazi se i
pregled povijesti i nastanka turbopunjača, kao i opis njegovih glavnih komponenti i
karakteristika (uz naglašavanje pojedinih pozitivnih i negativnih strana). Na samom kraju nalazi
se kontrolni proračun za odabir turbopunjača te zaključak temeljen na pročitanoj literaturi te
dosadašnje stečenom znanju i iskustvu.The main battle tanks of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia are equipped with the V46 TK propulsion unit, which is specific in terms of its nominal engine power. Specifically, it is
a twelve-cylinder diesel engine with a power output of 735 kW (1000 HP), which derives its
power from a pre-charging turbocharger system. This final thesis provides a detailed overview of
the operation of the pre-charging system in the M-84A tank, as well as turbochargers in general.
The theoretical part of the work includes a review of the history and development of
turbochargers, as well as a description of their main components and characteristics (with an
emphasis on certain positive and negative aspects). At the very end, there is a control calculation
for the selection of a turbocharger and a conclusion based on the literature reviewed and the
knowledge and experience gained so far
Next generation squad weapon program
No full textStudijom američke vojske o Konfiguraciji streljiva za malokalibarsko oružje (eng. Small Arms
Ammunition Configuration - SAAC) iz 2017. godine, ukazana je potreba za najsuvremenijim
tehnologijama o upravljanju paljbom i konfiguraciji streljiva, što dovodi do početka Programa
sljedeće generacije desetinskog oružja (eng. Next Generation Squad Weapon - NGSW) u SAD-u.
Pobjednik je natječaja, tvrtka SIG Sauer, proizvela jurišnu pušku XM7 kao zamjenu za
karabin M4 te laku strojnicu XM250 kao zamjenu za strojnicu M249. Također, došlo je i do
uvođenja novog streljiva 6,8x51 mm koje je balistički snažnije od streljiva 5,56x45 mm. Samim
se time omogućava pogađanje mete na većim udaljenostima, nego do sad, što je ujedno i jedan
od kriterija ovoga programa. Doprinos tomu ima Vortex optika, gdje oni s manje iskustva mogu
pucati brže i preciznije na veće udaljenosti. Programu su prethodili programi poput: Individualno
oružje posebne namjene (eng. Special Purpose Individual Weapon - SPIW), Projekt SALVO
(eng. Project SALVO), Projekt NIBLICK (eng. Project NIBLICK), Program buduće puške (eng.
The Future Rifle Program), Napredni program borbene puške (eng. Advanced Combat Rifle -
ACR) te Ciljno pojedinačno borbeno oružje (eng. Objective Individual Combat Weapon -
OICW). U uvodnom su dijelu navedene generacije ratovanja, zatim se detaljnije govori o
prethodnim programima, a u glavnom je dijelu obrađen Program sljedeće generacije desetinskog
oružja kao i prednosti i nedostaci jurišne puške XM7, te glavne karakteristike Vortex optike i
streljiva 6,8x51 mm.A 2017 US Army Small Arms Ammunition Configuration (SAAC) study identified a need for
state-of-the-art fire control and ammunition configuration technologies, leading to the Next
Generation Squad Weapon Program - NGSW in the USA. The winner of the competition, SIG
Sauer produced the XM7 assault rifle as a replacement for the M4 carbine and the XM250 light
machine gun as a replacement for the M249 machine gun. Also, there was the introduction of the
new 6,8x51 mm ammunition, which is ballistically more powerful than the 5,56x45 mm
ammunition. This alone makes it possible to hit the target at greater distances than before, which
is also one of the criteria of this program. Vortex optics contribute to this, where those with less
experience can shoot faster and more accurately at longer distances. The program was preceded
by programs such as: Special Purpose Individual Weapon - SPIW, Project SALVO, Project
NIBLICK, The Future Rifle Program, Advanced Combat Rifle (ACR) and Objective Individual
Combat Weapon (OICW). In the introductory part, the generations of warfare were mentioned,
then the previous programs were discussed in more detail, and in the main part, the Next
Generation Weapons Program was discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the
XM7 assault rifle, and the main characteristics of Vortex optics and 6,8x51 mm ammunition
The role and importance of OSINT in production of intelligence
No full textU ovom radu bit će definirani pojmovi podatak, informacija, znanje i mudrost kroz kognitivnu
hijerarhiju, open source intelligence (OSINT) kao obavještajna disciplina, razvoj OSINT-a od
samih početaka pa sve do sadašnjosti kada ima izrazito važnu ulogu u kompletiranju
obavještajnih proizvoda. Bit će analizirane ključne karakteristike OSINT-a kao obavještajne
discipline, njegova kompleksnost i problematika koja obuhvaća obradu nezaustavljivo rastuće
količine informacija koje se svakodnevno objavljuju na otvorenim izvorima. Promotrit će se
prednosti i nedostatci koje OSINT nosi sa sobom, kao i nove metode prikupljanja informacija iz
otvorenih izvora koje su sve učestalije zbog napretka tehnologije. Objašnjeni su pojmovi „siva
literatura“, kao i World Wide Web (WWW) i pravni aspekti prikupljanja podataka iz otvorenih
izvoraThis paper will define the concepts of data, information, knowledge and wisdom through
cognitive hierarchy, open source intelligence (OSINT) as an intelligence discipline, and the
development of OSINT from the very beginning until the present when it plays a crucial role in
completing intelligence products. The key characteristics of OSINT as an intelligence discipline
will be analyzed, its complexity and issues include the processing of the growing amount of
information that is published daily on open sources. The advantages and disadvantages that
OSINT brings with it, as well as new methods of collecting information from open sources that
are becoming more frequent due to technological advances, will be examined. The terms „grey
literature“ as well as the World Wide Web (WWW) are explained, as well as the legal aspects of
collecting data from open sources
Influence analysis of different distributions of manufacturing error as a stohastic parameter on flght of unguided rocket
No full textCilj ovog rada je analiza utjecaja pogreške izvedbe mlaznice na odstupanje putanja i padnih
točaka nevođene rakete. Simulacija leta provodi se pomoću programskog paketa MATLAB.
Model leta sa šest stupnjeva slobode gibanja (6DOF) se koristi za prikazivanje početnih
parametara stanja atmosfere kao determinističkih veličina. Poremećaji stanja rakete uzrokovani
pogreškom izvedbe mlaznice simuliraju se za tri razine kvalitete, prema više distribucija
vjerojatnosti, a dobiveni rezultati se uspoređuju s putanjom rakete u standardnoj ICAO atmosferi
i proizvedenoj bez proizvodnih pogrešaka. Položaj ravnine pogreške je stohastička veličina
disperzirana prema uniformnoj distribuciji, a intenzitet svake pogreške je stohastička veličina
disperzirana prema normalnoj i Rayleighevoj distribuciji. Na kraju rada procjenjuje se koji se
rezultati bolje slažu s teorijom gađanja i daju se preporuke za provođenje sličnih budućih
simulacija.The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of the nozzle performance error on the deviation
of the trajectory and drop points of an unguided rocket. The flight simulation is performed using
the MATLAB software package. A six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) flight model is used to
represent the initial parameters of the state of the atmosphere as deterministic quantities.
Disturbances of the rocket state caused by the nozzle performance error are simulated for three
quality levels, according to a larger probability distribution, and the obtained results are
compared with the trajectory of the rocket in a standard ICAO atmosphere and produced without
manufacturing errors. The position of the error plane is a stochastic quantity dispersed according
to an uniform distribution, and the intensity of each error is a stochastic quantity dispersed
according to the normal and Rayleigh distributions. At the end of the paper, it is evaluated which
results agree better with the shooting theory and recommendations are given for conducting
similar future simulations
Operation Anthropoid - Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich
No full textTijekom Drugog svjetskog rata u širenju nacističke ideologije posebno se istaknuo Reinhard
Heydrich, nacist, poznat još kao „Plava zvijer“ ili „Čovjek čelična srca“. S obzirom na svoj
utjecaj u nacističkoj stranci i kao ključna osoba zaslužna za uspon Hitlera dodijeljena mu je nova
dužnost protektora Češke i Moravske, te je uspostavio apsolutnu moć kroz sustavni genocid nad
Židovima. Tiranin poput Heydricha bio je glavna meta Češkog pokreta otpora, koji u suradnji sa
britanskom Upravom za specijalne operacije i vladom u izbjeglištvu planira i provodi operaciju
Anthropoid – atentat na Reinharda Heydricha. Cilj završnog rada je analizirati, istražiti i opisati
na koji način Reinhard Heydrich uspostavlja vlast u Češkoj i Moravskoj, te na koji način provodi
svoju vlast. Zaključno, analizirati pripremu i tijek operacije Anthropoid, te koje strahovite
posljedice donosi.During the Second World War, Reinhard Heydrich, a Nazi, also known as the "Blue Beast" or
the "Man with a Steel Heart", was particularly prominent in the spread of Nazi ideology. Given
his influence in the Nazi party and as a key figure responsible for the rise of Hitler, he was
assigned the new duty of protector of Bohemia and Moravia, and established absolute power
through systematic genocide against the walls. A tyrant like Heydrich was the main target of the
Czech resistance movement, which, in cooperation with the British special operations and the
government in exile, planned and carried out Operation Anthropoid - the assassination of
Reinhard Heydrich. The goal of the final paper is to analyze, investigate and describe how
Reinhard Heydrich establishes power in the Czech Republic and Moravia, and how he exercises
his power. In conclusion, analyze the preparation and course of operations Anthropoid, and what
terrible consequences it brings
The Use of Infantry in Support of Special Operations Units
No full textIntenzivno korištenje specijalnih snaga doživljava globalnu kulminaciju početkom druge
polovice 20. stoljeća. Temeljne zadaće specijalnih snaga zapadnih zemalja su: izravna akcija,
specijalno izviđanje i vojna pomoć. Specijalne operacije sa sobom nose niz posebnih obilježja
koje ih razlikuju od svih ostalih vojnih snaga, koje se su po toj definiciji konvencionalne. Prema
doktrini država NATO saveza, primarna uloga specijalnih snaga je potpora konvencionalnih
snaga. Unatoč tome, postoje situacije gdje će specijalne snage provoditi neovisne zadaće i crpiti
resurse konvencionalnih snaga, kako bi ostvarile svoj cilj. Ti su slučajevi navedeni u
doktrinarnim publikacijama. Najčešće su to situacije gdje će konvencionalno pješaštvo riješiti
jedan od najvećih nedostataka specijalnih snaga: brojčanu inferiornost. Pješaštvo OS SAD-a
pružalo je učinkovitu podršku specijalnim snagama u Vijetnamu i u Iraku. Najgora situacija u
kojoj se specijalne snage mogu naći je biti okružen, bez potpore pješaštva ili zrakoplovstva.Intensive use of special operations forces reached a culmination point at beginning of the second
half of the 20th century. The basic mission taskset of the western special operations forces are:
direct action, special reconnaissance and military assistance. Special operations are
distinguished with several characteristcs from the rest of the armed forces, which are
conventional by this definition. Acorrding to the doctrine of NATO states, the primary role of
special forces is to support conventional forces. Despite this, there are situations where special
operations forces will carry out independant mission and draw resources from conventional
forces in order to achieve their goal. These cases are listed in the doctrinal publications. Most
often, conventional infantry is called upon to make up for one of the biggest drawbacks of
special operations forces: numerical inferiority. U.S. Army infantry has in the past provided
effective support to special operations forces in Vietnam and Iraq. The worst situation special
operations forces can find themselves in is encirclement without the support of infantry or
aviation
Serbian rebellion in Croatia 1990.
No full textGodine 1990-te Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija doživjela je slom i raspala se na
šest neovisnih država. Do sloma dolazi zbog nezadovoljstva građana niskim standardom života i
političkom situacijom u državi. Gospodarska kriza bila je uzrok niskog životnog standarda.
Vanjski dug već je 1981. godine prešao iznos od 20 milijardi dolara broj nezaposlenih je
konstantno rastao te je došlo do sve većeg broja štrajkova. Nakon smrti Josipa Broza Tita koji je
bio središnja figura države i osoba zaslužna za tako dugi opstanak Socijalistička Federativne
Republike Jugoslavije (SFRJ) kolektivno Predsjedništvo države nastojalo je uskladiti interese
republika i smanjiti utjecaj gospodarske krize, ali bezuspješno. Kulminacija nezadovoljstva
očitovala se u održavanju višestranačkih izbora u Hrvatskoj 1990-te godine, kasnije
proglašenjem Božićnog Ustava što je izazvalo negativnu reakciju srpskog stanovništva u
Hrvatskoj nakon čega je 1990.-e godine došlo do srpske pobune te 1991. godine rata.In the year 1990 Socialistic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia experienced its downfall and fell
apart to six independent countries. Downfall came due to the dissatisfaction of the population
with the low standard of life and political situation in the country. The economic crisis was the
reason behind the low standard of life. External debt had already surpassed 20 billion dollars by
the year of 1981, number of unemployed people continually kept growing and number of strikes
increased. After the death of Josip Broz Tito who was the central figure of the state and the
person responsible for maintaining the existence of Socialistic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia,
the collective presidency of the state tried to coordinate the interests of multiple republics and
decrease the negative effects of economic crisis but it was all in vain. Culmination of
dissatisfaction manifested itself in multiparty elections in Croatia in year 1990 and later with the
proclamation of Christmas Constitution which caused negative reaction from Serbian population
that lived in Croatia and in 1990 the revolt of Serbian population and later in 1991. war
Similarities and differences in the principles of warfare – from the classics to the Homeland War
No full textIn the article, I tried to connect the principles of warfare as they were understood, explained and finally defined by the classics of military thought Jomini, Foch and Liddell Hart with contemporary specific principles of war that were applied in the Homeland War through the implementation of operations, primarily offensive ones. This article provides an expert review of the Diploma thesis “Similarities and differences in the principles of warfare – from the classics to the Homeland War” which I wrote and defended at the CDA Integral Command and Staff School