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Propaganda and role of media in armed conflicts - Homeland war
No full textZavršni rad na temu „Propagandno djelovanje i uloga medija u oružanim sukobima – studija
slučaja Domovinski rat“ sustavno prikazuje i analizira načela ratne propagande te ih
potkrjepljuje primjerima iz Domovinskog rata. Rad započinje definiranjem propagande i ratne
propagande, opisuje načela ratne propagande te objašnjava ulogu koju mediji zauzimaju u
oružanim sukobima. Nadalje, rad daje uvid u kratki povijesni pregled događanja u bivšoj
Jugoslaviji s kraja 1980. – tih i početka 1990.- tih godina te daje uvid u propagandne kampanje
koje su se odvijale i prije početka oružane borbe. Rad također daje pregled konkretnih
propagandnih djelovanja obje zaraćene strane u sukobu te navodi na koji način su te
propagandne poruke odjeknule u inozemstvu. Naposlijetku, rad opisuje psihološke operacije
Domovinskog rata u kojima je propaganda odigrala presudnu ulogu i drastično promijenila
poimanje samog sukoba.The term paper on the topic "Propaganda Activities and the Role of Media in Armed Conflicts -
A Case Study of the Croatian War of Independence" systematically presents and analyzes the
principles of war propaganda, supported by examples from the Croatian War of Independence.
The paper begins by defining propaganda and war propaganda, describing the principles of war
propaganda, and explaining the role that media plays in armed conflicts. Furthermore, it provides
an overview of the historical events in former Yugoslavia in the late 1980s and early 1990s,
offering insights into the propaganda campaigns that took place prior to the outbreak of armed
conflict. The paper offers insights into specific propaganda activities employed by both warring
parties in the conflict and explores how these propaganda messages resonated internationally.
Finally, it describes the psychological operations of the Croatian War of Independence,
highlighting the crucial role of propaganda in drastically shaping the perception of the conflict
itself
Croatia in the era of national rulers until 1102.
No full textRad se bavi opisivanjem ranosrednjovjekovne Hrvatske od dolaska Hrvata na područja koja
danas naseljavaju sve do stvaranja Saveza između hrvatskog i ugarskog kraljevstva. Postoji
nekoliko teorija o dolasku Hrvata koje pokušavaju odgonetnuti njihovo podrijetlo i
naseljavanje jadranskih obala. U prvim stoljećima nakon doseljenja Hrvati su uglavnom
živjeli u plemenima koja su se ujedinjavala u plemenske saveze. Tako su, pokušavajući
organizirati život u novom okruženju, Hrvati došli u doticaj sa Bizantom i još uvijek
nekonsolidiranim zapadom te se po prvi puta susreli sa kršćanstvom. Pokrštavanje Hrvata i
drugih naroda je bio dugotrajan proces koji se odvijao stoljećima nakon doseljenja. U tom
procesu veliku je ulogu igrao Bizant i Franačka država koja u 8. stoljeću širi svoje granice do
teritorija današnje Hrvatske koja se tada našla na razdjelnici između franačkog i bizantskog
carstva što je uvelike utjecalo na njen daljnji razvoj i osnivanje prvih kneževina. Osnivanjem
prvih kneževina Hrvati su se postepeno ujedinjavali kao narod što im je omogućilo da se
uključe u oblikovanje europske politike toga doba. Tako su hrvatski knezovi postajali sve
samostalniji, a već krajem 9. stoljeća papa priznaje vlast hrvatskog vladara čime je Hrvatska
po prvi put postala međunarodno priznata zemlja. Nedugo nakon priznanja Hrvati su ujedinili
svoje zemlje u kraljevstvo koje se uspjelo održati gotovo dva stoljeća. Razdoblje hrvatskih
kraljeva označavalo je zlatno doba Hrvatske sve do 1102. godine kada ulazi u Savez sa
Ugarskom.The study focuses on describing early medieval Croatia from the arrival of the Croats in the
regions that are presently inhabited up until the establishment of the alliance between the
Croatian and Hungarian kingdoms. Several theories exist regarding the arrival of the Croats,
attempting to unravel their origins and the settlement of the Adriatic coast. During the initial
centuries following their migration, the Croats predominantly lived in tribes that formed tribal
alliances. In their endeavor to organize life in the new environment, the Croats came into
contact with Byzantium and the still-fragmented West, encountering Christianity for the first
time. The process of Christianization of the Croats and other peoples was a protracted one,
spanning centuries after their migration. Byzantium and the Frankish state played significant
roles in this process, with the latter expanding its borders to the territory of present-day
Croatia in the 8th century. Croatia found itself at the crossroads between the Frankish and
Byzantine empires, greatly influencing its subsequent development and the establishment of
the first duchies. Through the establishment of these initial duchies, the Croats gradually
unified as a people, enabling their involvement in shaping the European politics of that era.
Consequently, Croatian dukes gained increasing autonomy, and by the end of the 9th century,
the Pope acknowledged the authority of the Croatian ruler, marking Croatia's first
international recognition as a country. Shortly after this recognition, the Croats united their
lands into a kingdom that managed to endure for almost two centuries. The period of Croatian
kings marked a golden age for Croatia until 1102, when it entered into an alliance with
Hungary
Crime Scene Investigation
No full textIstraživanje mjesta događaja skup je radnji koje se provode kao primarna zaštita traseološke
situacije na mjestu događaja. Kako bi ono bilo što bolje sačuvano do dolaska očevidne ekipe,
potrebno je njegovo osiguranje koje provode ovlaštene službene osobe policije/vojne policije.
Očevid koji je sukladno Zakonom o kaznenom postupku definiran kao formalna dokazna radnja,
odnosno radnja prvog zahvata zauzima središnje mjesto u istraživanju mjesta događaja nekog
kaznenog djela. Glavni cilj provedbe očevida je očuvanje kompletne traseološke situacije na
mjestu događaja, posebice relevantnih tragova vezanih za sami događaj, njihovo fiksiranje, i
izuzimanje na adekvatan način. Cilj ovoga rada kao empirijskog istraživanja je utvrditi obilježja
provedenih očevida primjenom metode analize spisa vojne policije. U radu će se proučavati
varijable vezane za mjesto događaja, varijable poput broja i vrste pronađenih tragova, njihove
pozicije, načina fiksiranja i izuzimanja kao i varijable vezane za kazneno djelo.Crime scene investigation is a set of actions that are carried out as the primary protection of the
traseological situation at the crime scene. In order for it to be preserved as best as possible until
the arrival of the investigation team, it is necessary to secure it, which is carried out by
authorized officials of the police / military police. The investigation, which is defined as a formal
evidentiary action, i.e. the act of the first intervention, occupies a central place in the
investigation of the scene of a criminal offense. The main objective of the investigation is to
preserve the complete traseological situation at the scene, especially relevant traces related to the
event itself, fixing them and excluding them in an adequate way. The aim of this paper as
empirical research is to determine the characteristics of conducted investigations by analyzing
military police files. The paper will study variables related to the crime scene, variables such as
the number and type of found traces, their position, methods of fixation and removal as well as
variables related to the criminal offense
Intelligence System of the Socialist Yugoslavia
No full textObavještajni sustav je izraz koji podrazumijeva institucionaliziranost i uređenost
provođenja obavještajne djelatnosti neke zemlje ili drugog aktera. Obavještajni sustav
socijalističke Jugoslavije svoje početke ima prije provođenja revolucije i nastanka „Druge
Jugoslavije“. Naime, obavještajnu su djelatnost ilegalno provodile akcijske platforme
Komunističke partije Jugoslavije, a kasnije su se ti napori institucionalizirali u obliku Odjeljenja
za zaštitu naroda (OZNA), Uprave državne bezbjednosti (UDBA) i Kontraobavještajne službe
(KOS), Uprave za informiranje i dokumentaciju (UID), Službe za informiranje i dokumentaciju
(SID), a kasnije Službe državne bezbjednosti (SDB) i Organa sigurnosti. Ovaj je obavještajni
sustav bio u potpunosti u službi Komunističke partije Jugoslavije i očuvanja poretka. Službe koje
su činile ovaj obavještajni sustav odigrale su odlučujuću ulogu u raspadu Socijalističke
federativne republike Jugoslavije (SFRJ), a smanjeni utjecaj zadržale su u državama
nasljednicama.Intelligence system or apparatus is a term which implies institutionalization and
organization of implementation of the intelligence activities of a country or another actor. The
intelligence system of socialist Yugoslavia has its beginnings before the implementation of the
revolution and the creation of the „Second Yugoslavia“. Namely, the intelligence activity was
carried out illegaly by the action platforms of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, and later
these efforts were institutionalized in the form of the Department for the Protection of the People
(OZNA), the State Security Directorate (UDBA) and the Counterintelligence Service (KOS), the
Information and Documentation Directorate (UID), the Information and Documentation Service
(SID), and later the State Security Service (SDB) and the Military Security Service. This
intelligence system was entirely at the service of the Communist party of Yugoslavia and the
preservation of the regime. The services that made up this intelligence system played a decisive
role in the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRJ), and they retained a
reduced influence in the successor states
Strategic foresight as a prerequisite for timely reaction
No full textStanje neizvjesnosti strateškog okružja izazov je prisutan tijekom čitave ljudske povijesti. Pojam
''magla rata" koji uvodi Clausewitz odnosi se upravo na problem neizvjesnosti u situacijskoj
svjesnosti, a pojmovi narav rata i karakter rata (Clausewitz) sugeriraju i izazov u samoj definiciji
rata. Dok je narav rata konstantna, njegov karakter evoluira, a to može utjecati na primjenu
odgovarajućeg odgovora na ratnu prijetnju. Izazovi odgovora na pitanje je li natjecanje u
strateškom okruženju, poznato i kao sukob, rat, kada je počeo i kako završava. Takve su prirode
primjerice i hibridno ratovanje ili rat protiv terorizma zbog čega se zahtijeva drugačiji pristup od
tradicionalnog shvaćanja nacionalne sigurnosti.
Današnji obavještajni analitičari moraju biti ne samo kreativni, već i sposobni zamisliti novu
prijetnju prije nego se ona zaista realizira. Bez svjesnosti trenutnog stanja u strateškom
okruženju i trendova koji ga oblikuju, gotovo je nemoguće predvidjeti i razvijati buduće
scenarije. Ako tomu dodamo i današnju sliku vrlo složenog i dinamičnog svijeta, strateško
predviđanje postaje sve važnije sredstvo organizacije i pojedinca u prilagodbi promjenama,
anticipiranju rizika i iskorištavanju prilika. Brze promjene tehnologije, socioekonomski, politički
faktori i mnogi drugi čimbenici, zbog svoje kompleksne prirode, često dovode do nepredvidljivih
situacija koje zahtijevaju dublje razumijevanje budućih trendova i mogućih scenarija. Upravo iz
tih razloga, strateške razine sve više trebaju eksperte i stručne ljude u različitim područjima, koji
će zajedničkim radom dobiti potpunije slike o situaciji i dati informacije potrebne za donošenje
odluka.
Cilj ovog rada je definirati strateško predviđanje kao ključni koncept i kao alat za donošenje
učinkovite pravovremene odluke. Strateško predviđanje u svojoj je osnovi kvalitativne, ali i
kvantitativne prirode te ne obuhvaća samo vojnu dimenziju, već i ostale kao što su politička,
diplomatska, ekonomska, društvena i druge koje su često presudne u odnosu na vojnu, no ovaj
seminarski rad bavit će se najvećim dijelom samo vojnom dimenzijom.The state of uncertainty in the strategic environment has been a challenge throughout human
history. The term „fog of war“ introduced by Clausewitz refers precisely to the problem of
uncertainty in situational awareness, and the terms nature of war and character of war
(Clausewitz) also suggest a challenge in the very definition of war. While the nature of war is
constant, its character evolves, and this can affect the application of an appropriate response to
the threat of war. Such is the nature of, for example, hybrid warfare or the war against terrorism,
which requires a different approach from the traditional understanding of national security.
Today's intelligence analysts must be not only creative, but also able to imagine a new threat
before it actually materializes. Without awareness of the current situation in the strategic
environment and the trends that shape it, it is almost impossible to predict and develop future
scenarios. If we add to that today's picture of a very complex and dynamic world, strategic
forecasting is becoming an increasingly important tool for organizations and individuals in
adapting to changes, anticipating risks and taking advantage of opportunities. Rapid changes in
technology, socioeconomic, political factors and many other factors, due to their complex nature,
often lead to unpredictable situations that require a deeper understanding of future trends and
possible scenarios. Precisely for these reasons, strategic levels increasingly need experts and
professional people in different fields, who will work together to get a more complete picture of
the situation and provide the information necessary for decision-making.
The aim of this paper is to define strategic forecasting as a key concept and as a tool for making
effective and timely decisions. Strategic forecasting is fundamentally qualitative, but also
quantitative in nature and includes not only the military dimension, but also others such as
political, diplomatic, economic, social and others that are often crucial in relation to the military,
but this seminar paper will deal with mostly only in the military dimension
Modeling of transport processes
No full textTema ovog diplomskog rada je Modeliranje transportnog procesa, s posebnim naglaskom na
modeliranje transportnog procesa unutar Satnije za transport. Rad je strukturiran u četiri glavna
poglavlja: Osnove vojne logistike i funkcija prometne logistike, Organizacija i struktura
Transportne satnije, Modeliranje i optimizacija, te Modeliranje transportnog procesa unutar
Satnije za transport.
Prva dva poglavlja pružaju informacije o povijesti logistike, s naglaskom na vojnu logistiku, te
opisuju način rada, podjele i organizacijsku strukturu vojne logistike. Treći dio rada uvodi u
područje modeliranja i optimizacije, pružajući osnovne koncepte i postupke vezane uz modele te
naglašavajući važnost optimizacije transportnog procesa.
Posljednje i najvažnije poglavlje predstavlja srž diplomskog rada, gdje se detaljnije analiziraju
odabrane rute unutar Satnije za transport. U ovom dijelu rada istražuju se alternativna rješenja
temeljena na činjenicama s ciljem optimizacije transportnih ruta. Na kraju, prezentira se konačno
rješenje optimizacije transportnog procesa unutar Satnije za transport.
Ovaj diplomski rad posebno ističe praktičnu primjenu modeliranja transportnog procesa unutar
vojne organizacije. Naglasak je stavljen na primjenu rezultata istraživanja kako bi se poboljšala
učinkovitost Satnije za transport i postigao optimalan transportni proces.The subject of research in this master's thesis is Modeling the transport process, with a particular
emphasis on modeling the transport process within the Transport Company. The thesis is
structured into four main chapters: Fundamentals of military logistics and the function of
transportation logistics, Organization and structure of the Transport Company, Modeling and
optimization, and Modeling of the transport process within the Transport Company.
The first two chapters provide information on the history of logistics, with a focus on military
logistics, and describe the operational methods, divisions, and organizational structure of
military logistics. The third part of the thesis introduces the field of modeling and optimization,
presenting basic concepts and procedures related to models, and emphasizing the importance of
optimizing the transport proces.
The final and most important chapter represents the thesis's core, where the Transport Company's
selected routes are analyzed in more detail. This section explores alternative solutions based on
factual evidence to optimize transportation routes. Finally, the thesis presents the ultimate
solution for optimizing the transport process within the Transport Company.
This master's thesis highlights the practical application of modeling the transport process within
a military organization. The emphasis is placed on the implementation of research results to
improve the efficiency of the Transport Company and achieve an optimal transport process
Interrogation of the suspects
No full textPolicija i Vojna policija zaduženi su za otkrivanje počinitelja kaznenih djela, a jedna od metoda
koju koriste jest i izvidna radnja ispitivanja osumnjičenika. Ispitivanje je složen te sustavno
planiran i organiziran proces koji za cilj ima dobivanje iskaza osoba (i po mogućnosti priznanja),
a sve u svrhu rasvjetljavanja svih bitnih elemenata i čimbenika počinjenog zločina. Složenost
ispitivanja leži u potrebi za temeljitom pripremom pitanja, upoznavanjem poznatih čimbenika,
elementa i spoznaja o počinjenom djelu te upoznavanja podataka o počinitelju.
Ispitivač mora biti iskusna osoba, imati potrebne karakteristike te stručnu, opću i posebnu
naobrazbu za provođenjem ove radnje. Ispitivač mora biti u mogućnosti koristiti verbalnu i
neverbalnu komunikaciju te primijeniti različite tehnike ili taktike ispitivanja.
Cilj rada je analizirati taktike provođenja izvidne radnje ispitivanja osumnjičenika i određivanje
ključnih varijabli koje su u svezi s uspješnošću ovakve radnje. Metoda korištena u radu jest
analiza snimaka ispitivanja provedenih od strane Odjela kriminalističke Vojne policije na uzorku
N=7, u razdoblju od 2018. do 2021. godine. U analizi snimaka ispituju se sljedeće varijable:
trajanje ispitivanja, iskorišteno pravo na odvjetnika, dali je osoba priznala počinjenje, dali se
osoba branila šutnjom, dali su predočeni dokazi, način i sredstvo počinjenja kaznenog djela,
vrijeme i mjesto počinjenja, kako se saznalo za djelo te taktika ispitivanja.The police and the military police are responsible for discovering the perpetrators of criminal
acts, and one of the methods they use is the investigative action of interrogating the suspect. It is
complex and systematically planned and organized process aimed at obtaining statements from
persons (and eventually confessions), all for the purpose of elucidating all essential elements and
factors of the committed crime. The complexity of the examination lies in the need for thorough
preparation of questions, familiarization with known factors, elements, and knowledge about the
committed crime, and information about the perpetrator. The examiner must be an experienced
person and have the necessary characteristics and professional, general, and special education to
carry out this action. The interviewer must be able to use verbal and non-verbal communication
and apply different interview techniques or tactics. This work aims to analyze the tactics of
conducting interrogation of suspects and determining the key variables that are related to the
success of this action. The method used in the paper is the analysis of recordings of
interrogations conducted by the Criminal Military Police Division on a sample of N=7, in the
period from 2018 to 2021. In the analysis of the recordings, the following variables are
examined: the duration of the interrogation, the use of the right to a lawyer, whether the person
confessed to the crime, whether the person defended himself by remaining silent, whether the
evidence was presented, the way and means of committing the crime, the time and place of the
crime, how was the crime reported and interrogation tactic
Modern equipment for forward observers
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je upoznati se s pojmom prednjih motritelja i njihovom ulogom u
sklopu roda topništvo, kao i brojnim zadaćama koje vrše, te modernom opremom kojom
raspolažu ili bi trebali raspolagati kako bi bili u mogućnosti izvršiti zahtjeve koje pred njih
postavlja suvremeni oblik ratovanja. Uočavanje i identificiranje cilja, slanje zahtjeva za vatru i
korekcija vatre u suštini su osnovne zadaće kojim se oni bave. Oprema prednjih motritelja u
načelu bi se trebala sastojati od zemljovida, ručnog kompasa, topničkog kompasa, sredstava
veze, dalekozora, GPS-a i ručnog laserskog daljinomjera. Težnja je, da se kod prednjih topničkih
motritelja uz navedenu opremu u upotrebu uvedu i određeni integrirani instrumenti kao i
izvidnička vozila. Satnijski timovi za vatrenu potporu, uz sve navedeno, još bi se trebali opremiti
i određenim bespilotnim letjelicama koje bi zahvaljujući brojnim mogućnostima koje pružaju
olakšale njihov posao, smanjile određenu razinu rizika, te povećale efikasnost i točnost
navođenja vatre na cilj.The aim of this master's thesis is to familiarize oneself with the concept of forward observers and
their role within the artillery branch, as well as the numerous tasks they perform, and the modern
equipment they possess or should possess to fulfill the demands imposed on them by
contemporary forms of warfare. Target acquisition and identification, sending fire support
requests, and fire correction are essentially the fundamental tasks they engage in. The equipment
of forward observers should generally consist of a map, a hand compass, an artillery compass,
communication devices, binoculars, GPS, and a handheld laser rangefinder. There is a strive to
introduce certain integrated instruments and reconnaissance vehicles for forward artillery
observers in addition to the aforementioned equipment. Fire support company teams, in addition
to everything mentioned, should also be equipped with unmanned aerial vehicles that, thanks to
their numerous capabilities, would facilitate their work, reduce certain levels of risk, and
enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of target guidance
Availability of geomagnetic information
No full textThe issue of public availability of the Earth’s magnetic field data is not adequately regulated. The paper presents a proposal to declare geomagnetic information publicly available only when its reliability drops to the reliability of the currently best publicly available global geomagnetic model. With such a criterion, the monitoring and prediction of the unreliability of the current geomagnetic information model GI2022 suggests a reliability period of the original geomagnetic information of at least three years from the epoch of reduction of the last geomagnetic network measurements. The same should be the period of geomagnetic information public unavailability in Croatia. During this period it is necessary to pay adequate attention to the data safety
Digitization of the calculation of wind components acting on a missile in flight
No full textSuvremeno topničko gađanje zahtijeva visoku preciznost i efikasnost u isporuci projektila na cilj.
Značajan faktor koji utječe na putanju projektila je vjetar, nepredvidiva prirodna sila koja može
značajno promijeniti putanju tijekom leta, utječući na točnost i uspješnost pogođenog cilja. Rad
se fokusira na važnost razumijevanja i pravilnog uzimanja u obzir utjecaja vjetra pri gađanju, te
predstavlja program za izračunavanje tog utjecaja radi poboljšanja brzine, sigurnosti i preciznosti
topničkog gađanja. Analizira se proces topničkog gađanja. Rad također razmatra vanjsku
balistiku i matematičke modele otpora zraka, posebno fokusirajući se na utjecaj vjetra. Prednosti
digitalnih izračuna nad ručnim metodama također su istaknute. Glavna ideja rada je naglasiti
važnost digitalizacije u topničkom gađanju. Program za izračunavanje utjecaja vjetra na let
projektila predstavlja napredak u tehnološkom razvoju topništva, omogućujući preciznije i brže
izračune uzimajući u obzir ključne varijable. Kroz dublje razmatranje vanjske balistike,
matematičkih modela i praktičnog prikaza programa, rad ističe kako digitalizacija pridonosi
većoj preciznosti, efikasnosti i uspješnosti suvremenih topničkih gađanja.Modern artillery firing requires high precision and efficiency in delivering projectiles to the
target. A significant factor influencing the trajectory of a projectile is the wind, an unpredictable
natural force that can significantly alter the flight path, affecting accuracy and the success of
hitting the intended target. This paper focuses on the importance of understanding and properly
accounting for the impact of wind during firing, and presents a program for calculating this
influence to enhance the speed, safety, and precision of artillery firing. The process of artillery
firing is analyzed. The paper also considers external ballistics and mathematical models of air
resistance, with a specific emphasis on the influence of the wind. The advantages of digital
calculations over manual methods are also highlighted. The main idea of the paper is to
underscore the significance of digitization in artillery firing. The program for calculating the
wind's impact on the projectile's trajectory represents a advancement in the technological
development of artillery, enabling more precise and rapid calculations while accounting for key
variables. Through a deeper exploration of external ballistics, mathematical models, and a
practical presentation of the program, the paper illustrates how digitization contributes to greater
accuracy, efficiency, and success in modern artillery firin