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The impact of unmanned aircraft systems on homeland security in the Republic of Croatia
No full textPočetkom ’90-ih godina prošlog stoljeća, mladi entuzijasti i zaljubljenici u modelarstvo, priključuju se obrani svoje domovine s onim što najbolje znaju – izrada i uporaba bespilotnih letjelica. Kroz godine rata usavršavaju letjelice te one prerastaju u najmodernije sustave, sposobne da prenose snimke u stvarnom vremenu čime postižu značajnu prednost nad neprijateljem. Specijalnim operacijama odigrali su značajnu ulogu i zasluženo dobili nadimak “Oči Oluje”. U poslijeratnom razdoblju dolazi do stagnacije razvoja istog sustava, pri čemu se OSRH i MORH fokusiraju na drugačiji razvoj i modernizaciju, stavljajući naglasak na pristupanje NATO savezu i sudjelovanjem u operacijama potpore miru. Napretkom tehnologije i sve većim prisustvom besposadnih zrakoplovnih sustava u modernom ratovanju, a i u uporabi zaštite domovinske sigurnosti, Republika Hrvatska pristupa nabavi prvo BZS “Skylark 1”, a zatim i BZS “Orbiter 3”. Njihova efikasnost dokazana je u više navrata kako prilikom uporabe u protupožarnim sezonama, tako i u zadaćama spašavanja i nadzora potresom pogođenih područja. Velikom migracijom svjetskog stanovništva, besposadni zrakoplovni sustavi pronašli su svoju ulogu i u očuvanju državnih granica zbog sprječavanja ilegalnih migracija. Iako je RH uspjela vratiti davno zaboravljenu sposobnost u svoje postrojbe, ostaje gorak okus zbog prekida razvoja vlastitog sustava.In the early 1990s, young enthusiasts and lovers of modelling joined the defence of their homeland with what they know best – the construction and use of drones. Over the years of the war, aircraft have been upgraded to state-of-the-art systems capable of transmitting real-time images thus achieving a significant advantage over the enemy. Special operations played a significant role and earned the nickname “eyes of the Storm.” In the post-war period, the development of the same system has stagnated, with the CAF and MOD focusing on different development and modernisation, placing emphasis on NATO accession and participation in peace support operations. With the advancement of technology and the increasing presence of unbearable aircraft systems in modern warfare, as well as in the use of homeland security protection, the Republic of Croatia accedes to the procurement of UAS “Skylark 1”and then UAS “Orbiter 3”. Their efficiency has been proven on several occasions both during use in fire-fighting seasons and in the tasks of rescue and surveillance of earthquake-stricken areas. By large-scale migration of the world's population, unmanned aircraft systems have also found their role in preserving national borders to prevent illegal migration. Although Croatia managed to return its long-forgotten ability to its troops, it remains a bitter taste due to the interruption of the development of its own system
Age estimation based on teh union of teh epiphysis and diaphysis of the medial part of the clavicle
No full textCilj: Procijeniti mogućnost klasifikacije osoba na mlađe i starije od 30 godina na temelju CT snimki maedijalnog dijela ključne kosti s pomoću računalne analize slike.
Metode: MSCT snimke toraksa i abdomena iz KBC-a Split obrađene su u programu Osiri XMD 12.0 s pomoću alata za trodimenzijsko prikazivanje volumena(eng. 3D volume redering-3D VRT) te spremljene kao dvodimenzijske slike. Uzorak od 205 slika podijeljen je na podatkovnu skupinu za učenje od 165 slika i testiranje modela od 40 slika.Slike su učitane u programu Orange data Mining 3.32.0, gdje su, s pomoću prethodno uvježbane neuronske mreže Painters iz slika izdvojene značajke(vektori). Analiza temeljnih sastavnica (eng. Principal component analysis) pokazala je grupiranje slika ključnih kostiju ovisno o dobi osoba te vidljivo razdvajanje osoba mlađih i starijih od 30 godina. Nakon što je 2047 varijabli sažeto na osam temeljnih sastavnica, za klasifikaciju dobi osoba mlađih i starijih od 30 godina primijenjeni su algoritmi: Logistička regresija (eng. Logistic Regression-LR), Metoda potpunih vektora (eng. Support vetor machine-SVM) i Neutralni mrežni identitet SGD ( eng. Neutral Network Identity SGD-NNI-SGD). Rezultati klasifikacije ispitani su peterostrukom krosvalidacijom i na neovisnome testnom uzorku uz razinu posteriorne vjerojatnosti od 0,05 i 0.095, pri čemu su vizualizirani netočno klasificirani uzorci kako bi se rezultati mogli antropološki objasniti.
Rezultati: Na temelju PC1 i PC2 grupirale su se ključne kosti osoba na mlađe od 30 i 40 godina, na osobe od 40 do 55 godina i na osobe starije od 80 godina. Ukupna točnost pri treniranju modela za sve klasifikacijske algoritme bila je od 82,5 % do 92,5 %. Najviše grešaka u klasifikaciji osoba uočeno je kod granične dobi ( od 20 do 39 godina). Ukupna točnost na testnom modelu za posteriornu vjerojatnost od 0,5 za SVM iznosila je 82,5 %, za LR 92,5 % i za NNI-SGD 90 %, a za posteriornu vjerojatnost od 0.95 ukupna točnost algoritama LR i NNI-SGD je iznosila 100 %.
Zaključak: Provedena PCA analiza nad snimkama ključne kosti potvrđuje mogućnost kategorizacije osoba prema dobi. Automatska analiza slike postigla je točnost klasifikacije između 82,5 % i 92,% % uz posteriornu vrijednost od 0,5 te maksimalnu točnost od 100 % .Objective: To assess possibillity of classification of individuals over and under the age of 30 using CT scans of the medial part of the clavicle by a automatic image analysis.
Methods: MSCT scans of the thorax an abdomenfrom KBC Split have been processed through the OsiriX MD 12.program.Afterwards the images were processed through the Gimp 2.10.32. program and trimmed to a size of 700x700 px. A sample of 205 images was divided into a training dataset of 165 images and a model testing dataset of 40 images. In order to make the research as objective as possible a 5-fold cross-validation was applied.
The images were loaded into an Orange Data Mining 3.32.0 program for visual programming and data anallysis, which contains several different neural networks and all were tested on the same set of images inorder to select to select the ones that give the most accurate results. Painters gave the best results. Exploratory data analysis was performed using PCA and applying the elbow method.The crossvalidation sample was tested on different classification algorithms and those that give accuracy results higher than 80% were selected. The selected classification methods were tested with a standard threshold value where the posterior
probabiloty is 0.95. The results of the anallysis are represented in a binary classification using two classes.
Results: Based on the PC1 and PC2 individuals were grouped under 30 and 40 years, between 40 and 55 years and over 80 years. The overall accuracy for model training for all classification algorithms was in the range from 82,5 % to 92,5 %. The most errors in the classification of individuals were observed at the border age ( from 20 to 39 years old). The total accuracy on the test model for posterior probability of 0,5 for SVM was 82,5 %, for LR 92,5 % and for NNI-SGD 90 %, and for posterior probability of 0,95 % the total accuracy of the algorithms LR and NNI-SGD was 100 %, but SVM classified only one person and it did it correctly.
Conclusion: The PCA analysis performed on the clavicle scans confirms the possibility of categorizing people according to age. Automatic image analysis achieved classification accuracy between 82,5 % and 92,5 % with a posterior value of 0,5 and maximum accuracy of 100 % with a posterior value of o,95 for all classification algorithms
Legal consenquences of staged traffic accidents in Republic of Croatia
No full textU ovom radu obrađena je tematika “Pravne posljedice namještenih prometnih nesreća u Republici Hrvatskoj”, te su pri tom definirani pojmovi kao što su događaji prometnih nesreća, prometni delikt, namještanje odnosno “fingiranje” prometnih nesreća, osiguranja, osiguravajuća društava i naknade štete. Uz to se posebna pažnja daje zakonskoj regulativi koja se primjenjuje pri ovoj tematici, te se uz to definiraju i postupci koji slijede pri slučajevima prometnih nesreća. Zbog velikog broja takvih događaja koji za posljedicu gotovo uvijek imaju materijalnu štetu, a ponekad i ozlijede te smrtne ishode, za društvo je od velikog interesa da se smanji njihov broj, te samim time i njihove posljedice. Iako se prometna nesreća smatra kao neželjena i nesretna okolnost, određeni sudionici u njoj vide priliku za zaradu. Pritom se ne misli na osiguravajuća društva koja obavljaju usluge osiguranja od nesretnih slučajeva, već na sudionike koji u tim događajima (djelomično ili u cijelosti) izmjenjuju činjenice u svrhu prikrivanja odgovornosti ili povećanja naknade štete. Prijevare osiguranja postoje otkada i samo osiguranje, a prijevare autoosiguranja su najbrojnija vrsta prijevara osiguranja na svijetu. Radi stjecanja većeg uvida u problematiku prijevara osiguranja pri namještanju prometnih nesreća, obradit će se razni načini prijevare osiguravajućih društava, te analizirati i usporediti prikupljeni podatci o broju prometnih nesreća u Republici Hrvatskoj u period od 2011. godine do 2022. godine. Pri tom će se podatci Hrvatskog ureda za osiguranja usporediti s brojem prijavljenih kaznenih djela prijevare i zlouporabe osiguranja. Cilj ovog rada je kroz primjenu istraživačkih metoda (analize, dokazivanja, opovrgavanja i komparacije) uočiti razlike standardne prometne nesreće s namještenom, te utvrditi njene indikatore i vrste, kao i načine njihovog otkrivanja. U ovom radu također će se obraditi postupak prijavljivanja naknade štete osiguravajućim društvima koji su izravni oštećenici navedenog djela i koji kao takvi provode određene mjere njenog sprječavanja. Zaključno se u ovom radu utvrđuje kako su poduzete mjere od 2011. godine donijele do povećanja otklona prijavljenih šteta. Međutim, iako su navedene mjere rezultirale smanjenju prijava kaznenih djela prijevara, ne može se sa sigurnošću utvrditi da je u praksi stvarno i došlo do smanjenja namještanja prometnih nesreća. Stoga su u ovom radu vidljive i mjere koje bi se mogle poduzeti kako bi se broj namještenih prometnih nesreća smanjio, odnosno ranije i jednostavnije otkrio.This paper deals with the subject of "Legal consequences of staged traffic accidents in Republic of Croatia", and terms such as traffic accident events, traffic tort, staging or "faking" traffic accidents, insurance, insurance companies and damages. Special attention is paid to the legislation that applies to this topic, as well as to the procedures that follow in cases of traffic accidents. Due to the large number of such events, which almost always result in material damage, and sometimes injuries and deaths, it is of great interest to society to reduce their number, and therefore their consequences. Although a traffic accident is considered an unwanted and unfortunate circumstance, certain participants see it as an opportunity to make money. This does not refer to insurance companies that perform insurance services against accidents, but rather to participants who in these events (partially or in full) change the facts for the purpose of concealing responsibility or increasing compensation for damages. Insurance fraud has been around as long as insurance itself, and auto insurance fraud is the most numerous type of insurance fraud in the world. In order to gain greater insight into the problem of insurance fraud when setting up traffic accidents, various ways of defrauding insurance companies will be processed, and the collected data on the number of traffic accidents in the Republic of Croatia in the period from 2011 to 2022 will be analyzed and compared. In doing so, data from the Croatian Insurance Office will be compared with the number of reported criminal offenses of insurance fraud and abuse. The aim of this paper is to identify the differences between a standard traffic accident and a staged one through the application of research methods (analysis, proof, refutation and comparison), and to determine its indicators and types, as well as ways of detecting them. This paper will also deal with the procedure for reporting damages to insurance companies that are the direct victims of the aforementioned act and as such implement certain measures to prevent it. In conclusion, this paper determines how the measures taken since 2011 have led to an increase in the removal of reported damages. However, although the mentioned measures resulted in a reduction in reports of criminal offenses of fraud, it cannot be determined with certainty that in practice there has actually been a reduction in the rigging of traffic accidents. Therefore, this paper also shows the measures that could be taken in order to reduce the number of staged traffic accidents, that is, to detect them earlier and more simply
Suppression of corruption in Republic of Croatia
No full textKorupcija je zlouporaba položaja ili ovlasti radi osobne koristi. U Hrvatskoj predstavlja ozbiljan društveni problem koji negativno utječe na povjerenje građana u institucije. Hrvatska kontinuirano radi na definiranju jasnog profila i implementaciji mjera za suzbijanje korupcije te smanjenje razine korupcije na minimalne razine. Legislativni i institucionalni okvir za suzbijanje korupcije, koji je posljednjih godina dodatno razvijen, obuhvaća niz zakona, strategija i institucija usmjerenih na sprječavanje, otkrivanje i sankcioniranje koruptivnih aktivnosti. Podaci pokazuju da su korupcijska kaznena djela i dalje prisutna u različitim sektorima, a iako postoji određeni napredak u procesuiranju počinitelja, percepcija korupcije u Hrvatskoj i dalje ostaje visoka.Corruption is the abuse of position or authority for personal gain. In Croatia it represents a serious social problem that negatively impacts citizens' trust in institutions. Croatia is continuously working on defining a clear profile and implementing measures to combat corruption and reduce it to minimal levels. The legislative and institutional framework for combating corruption, which has been further developed in recent years, includes a range of laws, strategies, and institutions aimed at preventing, detecting, and sanctioning corrupt activities. Data shows that corrupt criminal acts are still present in various sectors although there has been some progress in prosecuting offenders, the perception of corruption in Croatia
remains high
ICP-MS determination of heavy metals an mineral composition of edible mushrooms
No full textCilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati akumulaciju teških metala u uzorcima samoniklih jestivih gljiva s različitih lokaliteta u Hrvatskoj, kao i u kultiviranim vrstama gljiva te analizirati njihov mineralni profil. Ispitano je 11 elemenata, uključujući teške metale poput olova (Pb), kadmija (Cd), žive (Hg), arsena (As), kroma (Cr) i aluminija (Al). Istraživanje je imalo za cilj utvrditi razlike u sastavu gljiva u odnosu na njihovo geografsko i botaničko podrijetlo, proučiti utjecaj podrijetla na sadržaj mikroelemenata, te procijeniti sigurnost jestivih gljiva u skladu sa regulativom Republike Hrvatske i Europske unije.
Metode: U istraživanju je analizirano 39 uzoraka jestivih gljiva, od čega 34 uzorka samoniklih i 5 uzoraka kultiviranih gljiva. Uzorci su prikupljani u periodu od travnja do studenoga 2023. godine s različitih lokaliteta diljem Hrvatske. Prikupljanje uzoraka organizirano je u suradnji s volonterima, gljivarima i sakupljačima gljiva, koji su osigurali reprezentativne uzorke iz svih dijelova zemlje. Posebna pažnja posvećena je odabiru gljiva s različitim geografskim i ekološkim karakteristikama kako bi se obuhvatile moguće varijacije u akumulaciji metala. Analiza svih uzoraka provedena je na Nastavnom zavodu za javno zdravstvo “Dr. Andrija Štampar” u Zagrebu, na Odjelu za zdravstvenu ispravnost i kvalitetu hrane. Korištena je napredna multielementarna tehnika masene spektrometrije s induktivno spregnutom plazmom (ICP-MS), koja omogućuje precizno mjerenje koncentracija 11 elemenata, uključujući teške metale kao što su olovo, kadmij, živa, arsen, krom i aluminij. Prije same analize, uzorci gljiva podvrgnuti su mikrovalnoj digestiji, koja uključuje mokro spaljivanje uzoraka u prisutnosti kiselina kako bi se osiguralo potpuno oslobađanje i ekstrakcija elemenata. Ovaj korak je ključan za točnost i pouzdanost rezultata jer omogućuje razgradnju organskih materijala i oslobađanje vezanih metala. Nakon pripreme, uzorci su analizirani tehnikom ICP-MS, što je omogućilo detekciju i kvantifikaciju elemenata na vrlo niskim koncentracijama.
Rezultati: Analiza je pokazala značajne varijacije u koncentracijama teških metala među uzorcima. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su značajne varijacije u koncentracijama teških metala u analiziranim uzorcima gljiva. U dvjema vrstama gljiva, crna truba (Craterellus cornucopioides) i sunčanica (Macrolepiota procera), izmjerene su koncentracije olova iznad
51 dopuštene granice od 0,8 mg/kg, s najvišom vrijednošću od 1,44 mg/kg u gljivama iz Primorsko-goranske županije. Kadmij je pronađen u koncentracijama iznad dozvoljenih 0,5 mg/kg, pri čemu je najviša vrijednost iznosila 2,37 mg/kg u gljivama iz Varaždinske županije. Aluminij je zabilježen u visokoj koncentraciji od 1202,54 mg/kg u uzorcima Craterellus cornucopioides, što sugerira rizik od prekomjernog unosa ovog metala. Željezo je također pronađeno u visokim koncentracijama, s maksimalnom vrijednošću od 3767,7 mg/kg u vrsti Craterellus cornucopioides. Najviša koncentracija žive, 13,05 mg/kg, zabilježena je u vrganju (Boletus edulis) iz Donje Stubice, što značajno premašuje dopušteni tjedni unos. Kultivirane gljive pokazale su niže koncentracije teških metala u odnosu na samonikle, što potvrđuje njihovu sigurnost za konzumaciju. Ipak, u samoniklim gljivama izmjerena je viša koncentracija selenija (99,79 mg/kg), dok su kultivirane gljive pokazale višu koncentraciju cinka (46 mg/kg).
Zaključak: Istraživanje je pokazalo da samonikle gljive akumuliraju teške metale, pri čemu geografsko i botaničko podrijetlo značajno utječu na njihov sadržaj. U određenim regijama Hrvatske otkriveni su povišene vrijednosti olova, kadmija, aluminija i žive, što može predstavljati zdravstveni rizik za konzumente. Nasuprot tome, gljive iz kontroliranog uzgoja imaju niže razine tih metala. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima kako bi se bolje razumjele razlike između samoniklih i kultiviranih gljiva.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the accumulation of heavy metals in samples of wild edible mushrooms from various locations in Croatia, as well as in cultivated mushroom species, and to analyze their mineral profiles. Eleven elements were examined, including heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and aluminum (Al). The research aimed to identify differences in the composition of mushrooms based on their geographical and botanical origins, to study the impact of origin on the content of trace elements, and to assess the safety of edible mushrooms in accordance with Croatian and European Union regulations.
Methods: The study analyzed 39 samples of edible mushrooms, including 34 wild samples and 5 cultivated samples. Samples were collected from April to November 2023 from various locations across Croatia. Sample collection was organized in collaboration with volunteers, mushroom foragers, and collectors, who ensured representative samples from all parts of the country. Special attention was given to selecting mushrooms with different geographical and ecological characteristics to capture possible variations in metal accumulation. All samples were analyzed at the Teaching Institute for Public Health "Dr. Andrija Štampar" in Zagreb, at the Department of Food Safety and Quality. Advanced multielemental inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used, which allows precise measurement of the concentrations of 11 elements, including heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium, and aluminum. Prior to analysis, mushroom samples underwent microwave digestion, involving wet digestion in the presence of acids to ensure complete release and extraction of the elements. This step is crucial for the accuracy and reliability of the results as it facilitates the breakdown of organic materials and the release of bound metals. After preparation, samples were analyzed using ICP-MS, which allowed detection and quantification of elements at very low concentrations.
Results: The analysis revealed significant variations in heavy metal concentrations among samples. The research findings showed notable differences in heavy metal concentrations in the analyzed mushroom samples. In two mushroom species, Craterellus cornucopioides and 53 Macrolepiota procera, lead concentrations were measured above the permitted limit of 0.8 mg/kg, with the highest value being 1.44 mg/kg in mushrooms from Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. Cadmium was found in concentrations exceeding the allowed 0.5 mg/kg, with the highest value reaching 2.37 mg/kg in mushrooms from Varaždin County. Aluminum was recorded at a high concentration of 1202.54 mg/kg in Craterellus cornucopioides samples, suggesting a risk of excessive intake of this metal. Iron was also found in high concentrations, with a maximum value of 3767.7 mg/kg also in mushroom Craterellus cornucopioides. The highest mercury concentration, 13.05 mg/kg, was recorded in Boletus edulis sample from Donja Stubica, significantly exceeding the allowable weekly intake. Cultivated mushrooms showed lower heavy metal concentrations compared to wild ones, confirming their safety for consumption. However, wild mushrooms had higher selenium concentrations (99.79 mg/kg), while cultivated mushrooms exhibited higher zinc concentrations (46 mg/kg).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that wild mushrooms accumulate heavy metals, with geographical and botanical origins significantly affecting their content. Elevated levels of lead, cadmium, aluminum, and mercury were found in certain regions of Croatia, which may pose health risks to consumers. In contrast, mushrooms from controlled cultivation have lower levels of these metals. These results highlight the need for further research to better understand the differences between wild and cultivated mushrooms
Importance and knowledge of personal safety and self-defense
No full textIako je osobna sigurnost često spomenuta tema u medijima, o njoj se govori u društvu, ali i u znanosti, definicije koje govore o pojmu osobne sigurnosti izrazito je teško pronaći. Ukoliko i postoje, vezane su uz nacionalnu sigurnost, ili opću, odnosno, ljudsku sigurnost. S druge pak strane, samoobrana je nešto poznatiji pojam, a ona označava pravo svakog pojedinca na obranu i osiguranje vlastite sigurnosti, odnosno, samoobrana nije traženje borbe, nego pružanje efikasne obrane.
Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti i istaknuti svijest o osobnoj sigurnosti u suvremenom društvu i prikazati važnost samoobrane. Također, rad obrađuje i, koliko je autorici rada poznato, rijetko spomenute pojmove sigurnosne svijesti i sigurnosne kulture koji doprinose u postizanju osobne sigurnosti.
U svrhu istraživanja provedena je anketa među 425 osoba s područja Republike Hrvatske. Anketa je uključivala osobe oba spola svih dobnih skupina.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da gotovo 99% ispitanika smatra osobnu sigurnost važnom ili vrlo važnom, ali je njih 43.6% odgovorilo da je nedovoljno ili slabo upoznato s navedenim pojmom. Nadalje, više od 55% ispitanika ne zna što podrazumijeva pojam sigurnosne svijesti, dok 67.9% tvrdi da je dobro, vrlo dobro ili izvrsno upoznato s pojmom samoobrane. Ipak, samo je 6.4% ispitanika pohađalo tečaj samoobrane. Tako nizak postotak vodi do jednog od prijedloga ovoga rada za daljnja postupanja, a predlaže se promovirati tečajeve samoobrane među školama, fakultetima, stanovništvom, kao i provođenje besplatnih tečajeva.Although personal safety is an often mentioned topic in the media, it is talked about in society, but also in science, definitions that talk about the concept of personal safety are extremely difficult to find. If they exist, they are related to national security, or general, apropos, human security. On the other hand, self-defense is a slightly better-known term, and it denotes the right of every individual to defend and ensure his own safety, that is, self-defense is not seeking a fight, but providing effective defense.
The aim of this paper was to investigate the prominent awareness of personal safety in modern society and to show the importance of self-defense. Also, the paper deals with, as far as the authors of the paper know, the rarely mentioned concepts of security awareness and security culture, which contribute to the achievement of personal security.
For the purpose of the research, a survey was conducted among 425 people from the Republic of Croatia. The survey included people of both sexes of all age groups.
The results of the research showed that almost 99% of respondents consider personal safety important or very important, but 43.6% of them answered that they were insufficiently or poorly familiar with the term. Furthermore, more than 55% of respondents do not know what is meant by safe awareness, while 67.9% claim that they are well, very well or excellently familiar with the concept of self-defense. However, only 6.4% of participants attended a self-defense course. Such a low percentage leads to one of the proposals of this paper for further actions, and it is suggested to promote self-defense courses among schools, colleges, and the population, as well as conducting free courses
Internet social media and Islamic terrorism in the 21st century
No full textOvaj rad bavi se istraživanjem odnosa između internetskih društvenih medija i islamskog terorizma u 21. stoljeću. Kroz analizu povijesti i evolucije društvenih medija, identificirani su načini na koje su ove platforme postale ključni alat za terorističke organizacije u svrhu širenja propagande, regrutiranja članova, koordinacije napada i financiranja operacija.
Cilj rada je razumijevanje uloge društvenih medija u radikalizaciji i mobilizaciji terorizma, identificiranje metoda koje terorističke skupine koriste na tim platformama. Metodologija rada se temelji na kvalitativnoj analizi sekundarnih izvora. Rezultati ukazuju na to da su društveni mediji omogućili terorističkim organizacijama dosezanje globalne publike uz minimalne troškove. Rad ističe dvostruku ulogu društvenih medija u kontekstu islamskog terorizma- kao alat za širenje terorističke ideologije i regrutaciju, ali i kao ključni element u borbi protiv terorizma.This thesis explores the relationship between Internet social media and Islamic terrorism in the 21st century. By analyzing the history and evolution of social media, the study identifies how this platforms have become crucial tools for terrorist organizations in spreading propaganda, recruiting members, coordinating attacks, and financing operations.
The aim of this thesis is to understand the role of social media in the role of social media in the radicalization and mobilization of terrorism and to identify the metods used by terrorist groups on these platforms. The methodology is based on qualitative analysis of secondary sources. The findings indicate that social media has enabled audience at minimal cost. The thesis highlights the dual role of social media in the context of Islamic terrorism- both as a tool for spreading terrorist ideology and recruting members, and as a key element in combating terrorism
Lipid components of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.)
No full textMorski komorač, motar (Crithmum maritimum L.) je biljka koja je rasprostranjena na području
čitavog Mediterana. Još od davnina se koristi u prehrambene i ljekovite svrhe zbog velikog
sadržaja različitih bioaktivnih spojeva među kojima se posebno ističe vitamin C, fenolni spojevi
i karotenoidi. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti koje lipidne komponente prevladavaju u lišću i
cvjetovima motra prikupljenog na različitim lokacijama duž Jadranske obale. Pomoću plinske
kromatografije u biljnom materijalu određena je vrsta i udjeli pojedinih masnih kiselina. Dvije
glavne kiseline koje su prevladavale su linolna i stearinska kiselina čiji je udio ovisio o lokaciji
branja. Rezultati pokazuju prisutnost masnih kiselina od C8 do C24, s time da je u cvjetovima
pronađena znatno viša količina linolne kiseline (>35%) nego u uzorcima lista (~23%).Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a widely known plant that is widespread in the
Mediterranean area. It has been known since ancient times to be used as a food and for
medicinal purposes due to its wide range of bioactive compounds, including vitamin C,
phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The aim of this thesis was to investigate which lipid
components are prevalent in leaves and flowers of motar at different locations along the Adriatic
coast. Gas chromatography was used to determine the percentage of fatty acids in the plant
material. The two main acids that prevailed were linoleic and stearic acids, the proportion of
which depended on the location of the collected sample. The results also show the range of
fatty acids from C8 to C24, whereby in flowers we have a significantly higher amount of linoleic
acid (>35%) than in the leaves (~23%
Analysis and comparison of different approaches to profiling perpetrators of criminal acts
No full textProfiliranje počinitelja kaznenih djela koristan je alat koji se koristi tijekom kriminalističkog istraživanja. Glavni cilj rada je prikazati i analizirati različite pristupe profiliranja počinitelja kaznenih djela, prepoznati njihove sličnosti i razlike te utvrditi na koji način određeni tip profiliranja doprinosi rješavanju kaznenih djela te otkrivanju počinitelja. Tijekom izrade rada, korištena je stručna i znanstvena literatura domaćih i stranih autora te je provedeno teorijsko istraživanje pomoću sekundarnih izvora podataka.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da svaka metoda profiliranja ima svoje specifične prednosti i ograničenja te da je često najučinkovitija kombinacija različitih pristupa prilagođenih specifičnostima pojedinog slučaja. Potrebno je znanje od strane službenika koji se bave profiliranjem koju od metoda koristiti u kojem slučaju. Istaknuta su obilježja pet najpoznatijih pristupa profiliranju: Kriminalističko – istražni pristup, psihologija istrage, dijagnostičke evaluacije, analiza bihevioralnih dokaza i geografsko profiliranje.
Na kraju, možemo zaključiti kako profiliranje počinitelja može imati razne prednosti ukoliko se koristi na ispravan način od strane stručnjaka koji su obučeni za takvu vrstu istraživanja. Iako može biti od pomoći za kriminalističko istraživanje, potreban je dodatan oprez kada se takva metoda koristi zbog opasnosti da se generaliziranjem određenih osobina pogrešna osoba smatra osumnjičenom ili da u krajnjem slučaju bude osuđena za neko kazneno djelo.Offender profiling is a useful tool employed during criminal investigations. The main objective of paper is to present and analyse various approaches to offender profiling, identify their similarities and differences, and determine how specific types of profiling contribute to solving crimes and identifying offenders.
During the preparation of this paper, professional and scientific literature by domestic and foreign authors was used and theoretical research was conducted using secondary data sources.
The research results show that each profiling method has its specific advantages and limitations, and that a combination of different approaches tailored to the specifics of a particular case is often the most effective. It is necessary for officers involved in profiling to have the knowledge to decide which method to use in each case. The characteristics of the five most well-known profiling approaches are highlighted: criminal investigative approach, investigative psychology, diagnostic evaluations, behavioral evidence analysis, and geographical profiling.
In conclusion, offender profiling can offer various advantages if used correctly by professionals trained in this type of investigation. Although it can be helpful for criminal investigations, additional caution is required when using such methods to avoid the risk of wrongly suspecting or ultimately convicting an innocent person due to the generalization of certain traits
Application of New Methods in Forensic Research of Hidden graves
No full textCilj: istražiti nove metode u otkrivanju skrivenih grobova te na temelju toga donijeti preporuke za najbolje metode u otkrivanju skrivenih grobova ovisno o kontekstu, karakteristikama i drugim značajkama ukopa.
Metode: pretražene baze podataka: Web of Science, Scopus i Open Gray. Kriteriji pretraživanja bili su: „clandestine grave“ and „detection“, no limitations/ „mass grave“ and „detection“, no limitations). Rezultati pretraživanja preuzeti su u program Excel te su potom izbrisani duplikati i preostali radovi analizirani. Pregledom sažetaka isključeni su svi radovi koji nisu odgovarali temi odnosno kriterijima istraživanja.
Rezultati: pronađena su 173 znanstvena rada te su nakon brisanja duplikata preostala 153 rada. Detaljnom analizom radova kao relevantni za obradu odabrano je 55 radova. Objašnjene su prednosti i nedostatci klasičnih (obavještajni rad, vizualni pregled terena i promjene vegetacije kao sredstvo otkrivanja skrivenih grobnica) i novih (posebno obučeni psi, kemijski senzori, georadar, tomografija električne otpornosti, magnetometrija i mjerenje magnetskog susceptibiliteta, uzorkovanje tla, plinska kromatografija u kombinaciji s masenom spektrometrijom, metode koje se temelje na ninhidrinskoj reakciji, optička daljinska istraživanja, hiperspektralno snimanje iz zraka, prostorno lasersko skeniranje – LiDAR) metoda otkrivanja skrivenih grobnica.
Zaključci: Nove metode u forenzičnim istraživanjima skrivenih grobova daju konkretnije i preciznije podatke od klasičnih metoda, a njihova primjena ovisi o vrsti ukopa, sastavu tla i vremenu koje proteklo od ukopa odnosno smrti. Klasične metode će se i dalje primjenjivati u forenzičnim istraživanjima skrivenih grobova i njihova će vrijednost još više dolaziti do izražaja u sinergiji s nekim od novih metoda.Aim: To investigate new methods in discovering hidden graves and based on this to bring recommendations for the best methods in discovering of hidden graves depending on context, characteristics, and other burial features.
Methods: Searched databases: Web of Science, Scopus and Open Gray. Search criteria were: „clandestine grave“ and „detection“, no limitations/ „mass grave“ and „detection“, no limitations). The search results were downloaded into Excel programme, after which duplicates were deleted and the remaining papers analysed. By reviewing the abstracts, all papers which did not correspond to the theme or to the research criteria were excluded.
Results: 173 scientific papers were found, after deleting the duplicates 153 papers remained. Through a detailed analysis 55 papers were selected as relevant for processing. Advantages and disadvantages of classical (intelligence work, visual inspection of the terrain and changes in vegetation as means of discovery of hidden graves) and new (specially trained dogs, chemical sensors, ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography, magnetometry and magnetic susceptibility measurement, soil sampling, gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, methods based on the ninhydrin reaction, optical remote sensing, hyperspectral aerial imaging, spatial laser scanning – LiDAR) methods of the hidden graves investigation.
Conclusions: New methods in forensics investigations of hidden graves give more concrete and more precise data than the classical methods, and their application depends on the type of the burial, soil composition and time elapsed since the time of the burial or death. Classical methods will continue to be used in forensic investigations of hidden graves and their value will become even more important in synergy with some of the new methods