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The influence of mass media on the perception of the security system
No full textMasovni mediji su sredstva masovne komunikacije dostupni širokom krugu korisnika koji
utječu i na pojedinca i na događanja u društvu. To su društvene institucije s određenim stegama,
pravilima, pravima i politikama. Mediji često služe u svrhu prikrivanja istine, ali i otkrivanja,
stvaraju osjećaj pripadnosti, mogu kod korisnika stvoriti osjećaj sudjelovanja, ali i izoliranost.
Mediji su često manipulativni, te se javila potreba za stjecanjem medijskih kompetencija, što
se odnosi na pojedinca, obitelj, pa i na cijelo društvo, sve korisnike medija. Sigurnost jedne
zemlje treba biti takva da se njeni građani osjećaju sigurno, da njene sigurnosne i pravne
institucije rade u skladu sa zakonom. Rad tih institucija kao i sigurnost ljudi, imovine i cijele
zemlje prate mediji koji kreiraju i distribuiraju informacije. Neizostavni elementi sigurnosti su
njegova funkcija, organizacija i stanje, koji u međusobnoj povezanosti čine sustav sigurnosti,
a društveni izvori ugrožavanja sigurnosti su razni oblici društvenih proturječnosti. Masovne
komunikacije dostupne su širokom krugu korisnika te utječu i na pojedinca i na događanja u
društvu. Utjecaj medija osobito masovnih medija je izuzetno velik i moćan kako na pojedinca
tako i na cijelo društvo, posebice glede pitanja i osjećaja sigurnosti. U ovom radu smo pokušali
prikazati taj odnos.Mass media are means of mass communication available to a wide range of users that
influence both individuals and events in society. These are social institutions with certain
constraints, rules, rights and policies. The media often serve the purpose of concealing the truth,
but also of revealing it, they create a sense of belonging, they can create a sense of participation
in users, but also isolation. The media are often manipulative, and there is a need to acquire
media competencies, which applies to the individual, the family, and even the entire society,
all media users. The security of a country should be such that its citizens feel safe, that its
security and legal institutions work in accordance with the law. The work of these institutions,
as well as the safety of people, property and the entire country, is monitored by the media that
create and distribute information. Indispensable elements of security are its function,
organization and condition, which in their inter relationship make up the security system, and
the social sources of threats to security are various forms of social contradictions. Mass
communications are available to a wide range of users and affect both individuals and events
in society. The influence of the media, especially the mass media, is extremely large and
powerful both on the individual and on the entire society, especially regarding issues and
feelings of security. In this paper, we tried to show that relationship
Molecular analysis of MYD88 gene mutations in lymphoproliferative neoplasms
No full textNASLOV RADA: Molekularna analiza mutacija gena MYD88 u limfoproliferativnim neoplazmama
Cilj ovog rada bio je provesti molekularno testiranje temeljeno na umnažanju DNA lančanom reakcijom polimeraze (eng. Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) i sekvenciranju segmenta molekule MYD88 gena u kojima se očekuje mutacija.
Za provođenje testiranja i određivanja mutacije koristio se protokol koji obuhvaća uzimanje uzoraka, njihovo fikoliranje nakon čega slijedi izolacija DNA i mjerenje njezine koncentracije, zatim provedba PCR reakcije te sekvenciranje metodom po Sangeru i očitanje razultata.
Nakon obrade 44 pacijenta sa simptomima koji ukazuju na mutaciju gena MYD88, utvrđeno je 5 pozitivnih te 39 negativnih nalaza.
Faktor mijeloične diferencijacije 88 (eng. Myeloid differentiation primary response 88, MYD88) citoplazmatski je adapter protein koji ima važnu ulogu u prirođenoj i stečenoj imunosti. Mutacija MYD88 se manifestira pojačanom aktivnošću nuklearnog faktora kappa-B (NF-κB), signaliziranjem janus kinaze (JAK) putem transkripcijskih elemenata porodice STAT (eng. signal transducers and activators of transcription) (JAK-STAT3) te sintezom proinflamantornih citokina što ima pozitivan učinak na preživljavanje neoplastičnih transformiranih limfatičnih stanica. Mutacija MYD88 je prisutna u visokoj učestalosti u B-staničnim limfomima, limfoplazmocitoidno makroglobulinemiji te B-kroničnoj limfocitnoj leukemiji. Moderni terapijski pristupi ciljaju signalne puteve u kojima sudjeluje i MYD88 protein.THESIS TITLE: Molecular analysis of MYD88 gene mutations in lymphoproliferative neoplasms
The goal of this work is to establish a molecular test based on DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the segment of the MYD88 gene molecule in which a mutation is expected.
A protocol was used for testing and determining the mutation, which includes taking samples, their ficolation followed by DNA isolation and measurement of its concentration, then carrying out the PCR reaction and sequencing by the Sanger method and reading the results.
After processing 44 patients with symptoms indicating MYD88 gene mutation, 5 positive and 39 negative findings were determined.
Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that plays an important role in innate and acquired immunity. MYD88 mutation is manifested by increased activity of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), janus kinase (JAK) signaling through transcription elements of the STAT family (signal transducers and activators of transcription) (JAK-STAT3) and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, which has a positive effect on the survival of neoplastic transformed lymphatic cells. MYD88 mutation is present in high frequency in B-cell lymphomas, lymphoplasmacytoid macroglobulinemia and B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Modern therapeutic approaches target signaling pathways in which the MYD88 protein also participates
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FORMAL EDUCATION IN FORENSIC ACCOUNTING
No full textForensic accounting as a young discipline has gained a lot of attention due to frauds that have been discovered in the early 2000s and the fact that no organization is immune to business frauds. In the last few years, companies are operating in turbulent environment which negatively impacts fraud and tendency to commit fraud. All of this indicated need for stronger fight against fraud and joining forces off all participants in the fight against fraud. In this sense, the role of educational institutions is indispensable, as they should be the initiator of changes and provide answers to environmental challenges. Through this paper authors analysed the level of development of forensic accounting in selected countries by focusing on the level of formal education in this area. To detect achieved level of development of forensic accounting, authors analysed formal education in forensic accounting in four selected countries: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Comparative analysis of study programs and courses in which competencies in the area of forensic accounting are acquired was performed. Research results indicate that there are significant differences in the inclusion of forensic accounting courses in study programs depending on the level of the study. Namely, the analysis showed that subjects from forensic accounting are much more integrated into programs at the 7th level of the European Qualification Framework than at the 6th level. Also, research results showed there are differences in the observed level of development of forensic accounting profession among analysed countries. The conclusion that emerges is that the development of the forensic accounting profession in the observed countries is rather slow and that joint, synergic action of all participants in this area is needed in order to encourage stronger development and affirmation of this profession
FORENZICKA IDENTIFIKACIJA LJUDSKIH OSTATAKA ANALIZOM MSCT SNIMAKA, UIP - 220 -02 -7331
No full textForenzična identifikacija ljudskih koštanih ostataka važna je u slučajevima kaznenih dijela, ratnih zločina – masovnih grobnica, masovnih katastrofa, požara te žrtvama terorističkih napada i dr. Neidentificirani koštani ostaci mogu uzrokovati brojne probleme pravne prirode te dodatno otežati proces žalovanja obiteljima stradalih. Važnost forenzičke identifikacije naglašena je u strateškim dokumentima poput dokumenata Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, Interpolovih strategija (Christensen 2009). Glavni ciljevi su: utvrditi identitet osobe i uzrok smrti. Identitet osobe utvrđuje se izradom biološkog profila osobe koji uključuje procjenu spola, dobi, podrijetla, visine i stasa osobe, kao i posebnih obilježja (antemortalne traume, patološka stanja, deformiteti i sl.).
Projekt se znanstveno razvija u novom području koje se danas često naziva „virtualnom antropologijom“. Ona obuhvaća novi znanstveni pristup koji se temelji na objedinjavanju klasične forenzičke antropologije, medicinskog snimanja i radiologije, kao i računalnih znanosti. Projekt se temelji na medicinskim snimkama iz Virtualne baze MSCT snimaka Split, (Baza) osnovane 2017. g. kroz suradnju Laboratorija za forenzičnu i biološku antropologiju, Sveučilišnog odjela za forenzične znanosti (Forenzika) i Kliničkog zavoda za intervencijsku i dijagnostičku radiologiju KBC-a Split (Radiologija).
Glavni cilj projekta je razviti nove metode za potrebe forenzičke identifikacije upotrebom novih tehnologija za potrebe forenzičke identifikacije ljudskih ostataka u Republici Hrvatskoj. Glavnom cilju doprinijet će ostvarenje sljedećih ciljeva: O1. Razviti metodologiju procijene spola za RH populaciju pomoću morfoloških karakteristika lubanje za forenzičku identifikaciju / O2. Razviti metodologiju procijene spola za RH populaciju pomoću metrijskih karakteristika lubanje za forenzičku identifikaciju / O3. Razviti metodologiju procijene dobi za RH populaciju pomoću pregleda šava lubanje za forenzičku identifikaciju / O4. Razviti metodologiju procijene populacijske pripadnosti populacije RH pomoću epigenetskih karakteristika za forenzičku identifikaciju / O5. Razviti metodologiju procijene populacijske pripadnosti populacije RH pomoću metrijskih karakteristika za forenzičku identifikaciju
Analysis of current knowledge about Stockholm syndrome
No full textStockholmski sindrom prvenstveno se pojavio kao pojam prilikom pljačke banke u Stockholmu kada su sluţbenici banke, drţani kao taoci, pokazali pozitivne emocionalne veze prema svojim otmičarima. Slučajevi poput Patty Hearst, Natasche Kampusch i Elizabeth Smart podigli su interes javnosti za ovaj fenomen. Nešto kasnije, Stockholmski sindrom pripisao se svakoj pozitivnoj vezi u bilo kojem odnosu koji ima elemente zlostavljanja. U psihološkom smislu dali su se mnogi nazivi koji bi mogli uputiti na razlog pojave ovakve pozitivne povezanosti ali Stockholmski sindrom još uvijek nije uvršten kao sluţbena dijagnostička kategorija. Razlog tomu je rijetkost ovakvih slučajeva koja nije dala mnogo materijala za iscrpnu analizu istih kao i medijska paţnja usmjerena ovom fenomenu koja je gotovo sve slučajeve sličnih elemenata počela svrstavati u njega. Ipak u psihologiji postoje mnoga objašnjenja za uspostavljanje te neočekivane pozitivne povezanosti izmeĎu ţrtve i otmičara, a sve počinju od teze visokog stresa i traume koji razvija osoba koja se nalazi u situaciji u kojoj se bori za svoj ţivot. Stoga, postavlja se pitanje je li Stockholmski sindrom potrebno stručno utvrditi kao zasebnu dijagnozu ili je to ipak samo prirodan odgovor organizma u borbi za preţivljavanjem?Stockholm syndrome primarily emerged as a term during the Stockholm bank robbery when bank officers, held hostage, showed positive emotional ties to their captors. Cases like Patty Hearst, Natasha Kampusch and Elizabeth Smart raised public interest in this phenomenon. Sometime later, Stockholm syndrome was attributed to any positive relationship in any relationship that has elements of abuse. In the psychological sense, many diagnoses have been given that could point to the reason for the appearance of such a positive attitude, but Stockholm syndrome is still not included as a scientifically based disorder. The reason for this is the rarity of such cases, which did not provide much material for an exhaustive analysis of them, as well as the media attention directed to this phenomenon, which began to classify almost all cases of similar elements into it. However, in psychology there are many explanations for the creation of an unexpected positive bond between the victim and the kidnapper, and they all start from the thesis of high stress and trauma developed by a person who is in a situation where he is fighting for his life. Therefore, the question arises whether Stockholm syndrome needs to be professionally determined as a separate diagnosis or is it just a natural response of the organism in the struggle for survival
Performance of Slovenian Listed Firms during COVID-19 Out-break
No full textThis research aims to estimate the determinants of firm performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the sample of Slovenian non-financial listed firms operating in the period 2017 – 2021 is used. Firm performance is expressed with market-based as well as accounting-based performance measures, including Tobin's Q, ROA, and ROE, while potential determinants encompass several firm-oriented variables. These are the firm size, liquidity expressed with the current ratio, leverage, tangibility, sales growth, age of the firm as well as COVID-19 dummy variable. The results of dynamic panel analysis disclose that liquidity, leverage, sales growth, and COVID-19 dummy are statistically significant in explaining firm performance. Specifically, liquidity and leverage are found to be significant in explaining Tobin's q, sales growth is a statistically significant determinant of both ROA and ROE while the latter is also negatively impacted by leverage and the COVID-19 dummy
Implementation of electronic surveillance in criminal law in some European countries
No full textElektronički nadzor specifičan je modalitet praćenja nad provođenjem alternativnih sankcija, odnosno nadzor nad mjerama opreza ili mjerama prisutnosti okrivljenika u postupku, način izvršenja kazne zatvora ili pak, per se, alternativa kazni zatvora. Unatoč širokom afirmativnom trendu upotrebe elektroničkog nadzora u raznim fazama kaznenog postupka, nisu ga prihvatile sve zapadnoeuropske zemlje, što sugerira da različite kulturne tradicije, ustavne konfiguracije i posebna nacionalna iskustva uvelike utječu na obrasce njegove provedbe. U pojedinim europskim jurisdikcijama koje primjenjuju elektronički nadzor postoje mnoge razlike u njegovoj implementaciji, ali s obzirom na njegovu zastupljenost, može se konstatirati da elektronički nadzor nije kvantitativno relevantna mjera. Također, unatoč predviđenom zakonodavnom okviru, pojedine zemlje nemaju praksu pribjegavanja navedenom modalitetu nadzora.
Ovaj rad ima za cilj analizirati i ocijeniti pristup elektroničkom nadzoru u pojedinim europskim zemljama raznim modalitetima njegove primjene u svim fazama kaznenog postupka. Primjenom teorijske metode analizirana je relevantna komparativna literatura u pogledu predmetne materije te se autorica referira na rezultate prijašnjih istraživanja koja su provedena u odnosu na razne aspekte elektroničkog nadzora i njegove korelacije s recidivizmom. Također, upotrebom normativne metode omogućen je uvid u zakonodavno uređenje predmetnog instituta, ali i u primjenu u praksi koja se kreće od mrtvog slova na papiru (npr. Hrvatska), preko normativne suzdržanosti (npr. Njemačka) do širokog dijapazona korištenja u raznim fazama kaznenog postupka i modifikacije primjene (npr. Engleska/Wales, Francuska, Belgija, Nizozemska).Electronic surveillance is a specific modality of supervision over implementing alternative sanctions, i.e., supervision over precautionary measures or measures of the defendant's presence in the proceedings, the manner of execution of a prison sentence, or, per se, an alternative to imprisonment. Despite the broad affirmative trend of using electronic surveillance through various stages of criminal proceedings, it has not been accepted by all Western European countries, suggesting that different cultural traditions, constitutional configurations, and unique national experiences greatly influence its implementation patterns. There are many differences in its implementation in some European jurisdictions that apply electronic surveillance. Still, given its representation, it can be concluded that electronic surveillance is not a quantitatively relevant measure. Also, despite the envisaged legislative framework, some countries do not have the practice of resorting to this modality of supervision.
This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the approach to electronic surveillance in certain European countries through various modalities of its application in all phases of criminal proceedings. Applying the theoretical method, the relevant comparative literature on the subject matter is analyzed, and the author relies on the results of previous research conducted on various aspects of electronic surveillance and its correlation with recidivism. Also, the application of the normative method provides insight into the legislative regulation of the institute, but also the application in practice ranging from dead letter on paper (e.g., Croatia) through normative restraint (e.g., Germany) to a wide range of use through various stages of criminal proceedings and modifications of application (e.g., England / Wales, France, Belgium, the Netherlands)
Presence of GSR particles in police vehicles
No full textCilj: Utvrditi razinu kontaminacije policijskih vozila GSR česticama u vozilima u Policijskoj upravi zagrebačkoj koja služe za prijevoz osumnjičenih osoba i drugih sudionika događaja te ispitati odnos odabranih varijabli s kontaminacijom vozila.
Metode: U razdoblju od 8. prosinca 2021. godine do 13. travnja 2022., u 17 policijskih postaja uzorkovano je 65 policijskih vozila. S pomoću GSR stubova prikupljeno je ukupno 195 uzoraka s vozačevog sjedišta te stražnjeg sjedišta i naslona. Ispitivanje izuzetih uzoraka provedeno je uporabom skenirajućega elektronskog mikroskopa. Za pozitivno kontaminirano vozilo uzimalo se svako vozilo na čijem je barem jednom uzorku pronađena najmanje jedna GSR čestica, pri čemu su se zasebno razmatrale karakteristične i indikativne čestice. Ovisno o položaju i o vrsti čestica, izračunat je udio kontaminiranih vozila te brojnost čestica. Logističkim regresijskim modelom ispitan je mogući utjecaj varijabli prikupljenih upitnikom na kontaminiranost vozika kao ishod.
Rezultati: Karakteristične GSR čestice pronađene su u 41 vozilu (63,1 %), dok su indikativne čestice pronađene u 46 vozila (70,77 %). Karakteristične čestice bile su u 33,8 % slučajeva prisutne na sjedalu vozača te u 24,6 % slučajeva na stražnjem sjedalu ili naslonu stražnjega sjedala. Indikativne čestice bile su prisutne na sjedalu vozača u 33,8 % slučajeva, na stražnjem sjedalu u 30,77 % slučajeva, a na stražnjem naslonu u 35,38 %. Nije zapažena statistički značajna razlika između udjela pozitivnih uzoraka na vozačevom i stražnjem sjedalu, odnosno uzoraka na vozačevom i stražnjem sjedalu, kao ni razlika u udjelu vozila kontaminiranih karakterističnim i indikativnim česticama (P > 0,05). Pronađeno je ukupno 228 karakterističnih GSR čestica i 166 indikativnih GSR čestica, pri čemu je najčešći broj dokazanih čestica u uzorku bio 1. Nije zapažena statistički značajna korelacija između broja karakterističnih i indikativnih čestica ( = 0,148, P = 0,346). Logistička regresijska analiza pokazala je da, među razmatranim varijablama, na kontaminiranost vozila može jedino utjecati prijevoz osoba koje su sudjelovale u događaju gdje se rabilo vatreno oružje (P = 0.030).
Zaključak: Prisutnost karakterističnih GSR čestica dokazana je u gotovo 2/3 vozila, što može upućivati na opasnost od sekundarne kontaminacije osoba koje se prevoze u vozilima, no s obzirom na mali broj identificiranih čestica ta opasnost nije visoka. Može se očekivati da će
udio kontaminiranih vozila po razmatranim dijelovima biti podjednak, kao i udio vozila kontaminiranih karakterističnim i indikativnim česticama. Međutim, kontaminacija indikativnim česticama ne upućuje na kontaminaciju karakterističnim GSR čestica. Prijevoz osoba koje su sudjelovale u događaju gdje se rabilo vatreno oružje može biti potencijalni rizični faktor za kontaminaciju, što upućuje na potrebu dodatnoga opreza u navedenim slučajevima.Aim: To determine the level of contamination of police vehicles in the Zagreb Country Police Administration, which are used for suspects and other event participants transportation with GSR particles, and to examine the relationship of selected variables with vehicle contamination.
Methods: From December 8, 2021, to April 13, 2022, 65 police vehicles were sampled in 17 police stations. A total of 195 samples were collected from the driver's seat, back seat, and backrest using GSR stubs. Examination of the extracted samples was carried out using a scanning electron microscope. Any vehicle on which at least one GSR particle was found in at least one sample was considered a positively contaminated vehicle, whereby characteristic and indicative particles were considered separately. The proportion of contaminated vehicles and the number of particles were calculated depending on the location and type of particles. A logistic regression model was used to examine the possible influence of variables collected by the questionnaire on vehicle contamination as an outcome.
Results: Characteristic GSR particles were found in 41 vehicles (63.1%), while indicative particles were found in 46 vehicles (70.77%). Characteristic particles were present in 33.8% of samples taken from the driver's seat and in 24.6% of samples taken from the back seat or the backrest of the back seat. Indicative particles were present on the driver's seat in 33.8% of samples, on the back seat in 30.77%, and on the back backrest in 35.38% of samples. No statistically significant difference was observed between the proportion of positive samples taken from the driver's and back seat or samples taken from the driver's seat and backrest of the back seat, as well as no difference in the proportion of vehicles contaminated with characteristic and indicative particles (P > 0.05). A total of 228 characteristic GSR particles and 166 indicative GSR particles were found, with the most frequent number of confirmed particles in the sample being 1. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the number of characteristic and indicative particles ( = 0.148, P = 0.346). Logistic regression analysis showed that, among the considered variables, vehicle contamination could only be affected by the transportation of persons who participated in an event where firearms were used (P = 0.030).
Conclusions: The presence of characteristic GSR particles was confirmed in almost 2/3 of the vehicles, which may point to risk from secondary contamination of persons transported in vehicles, but considering the small number of identified particles, this risk is not high. It can be expected that the share of contaminated vehicles by the sampled areas considered will be equal, as well as the share of vehicles contaminated with characteristic and indicative particles. However, contamination containing indicative particles does not indicate contamination containing characteristic GSR particles. Transportation of persons who participated in an event where firearms were used can be a potential contamination risk factor, pointing to additional caution in these cases
Sexual dimorphism of measurements of maxillary medial incisors and canines in southern Croatian population
No full textUvod: Zubi za vrijeme razvoja prolaze kroz razne stadije koji utječu na njihov konačan oblik i dimenzije. S obzirom na njihova svojstva, često su dobro očuvani kao postmortalni ostaci te kao takvi imaju velik forenzički značaj, a među ostalim i za procjenu spola na temelju mjera zubi.
Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi postojanje spolnog dimorfizma kod maksilarnih medijalnih sjekutića i očnjaka ljudi.
Materijali i metode: Iz baze MSCT snimaka glave izdvojeno je ukupno 40 pacijenata s očuvanim zubalom prikladnim za digitalno mjerenje. Pacijenti su podijeljeni u skupinu žena (n = 20) i muškaraca (n = 20) te su im mjerene duljine i širine kruna, korijenova te ukupne duljine i širine desnih maksilarnih medijalnih sjekutića i očnjaka uz pomoć računalnog programa. Podaci su statistički obrađeni te su izrađene diskriminantne funkcije koje omogućuju procjenu spola.
Rezultati: Rezultati statističke obrade utvrdili su postojanje spolnog dimorfizma (P < 0,001) između svih mjera: duljina sjekutića, duljina korijena sjekutića, duljina krune sjekutića, širina krune sjekutića, duljina očnjaka, duljina korijena očnjaka, duljina krune očnjaka i širina krune očnjaka. Točnost procjene spola varirala je od 65 % (najlošija pojedinačna mjera) do 75 % (najbolja pojedinačna mjera), dok su diskriminantne funkcije sa tri i šest mjera pokazala točnost procjene od 79 %, odnosno 78 %.
Zaključci: Vidljiv je spolni dimorfizam maksilarnih medijalnih sjekutića i očnjaka što upućuje na važnost mjera zuba za procjenu spola u hrvatskoj populaciji.Introduction: During development, teeth undergo various stages that influence their final shape and dimensions. Due to their characteristics, they are often well preserved as postmortem remains, and as such, they hold significant forensic importance, including the assessment of gender based on dental measurements.
Research objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the presence of sexual dimorphism in the maxillary central incisors and canines of humans.
Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients with preserved biological teeth suitable for digital measurement were selected from the database of MSCT head scans. After splitting the patients into a group of women (n = 20) and men (n = 20), their lengths and widths of the crowns, roots, and the total length and width of the right maxillary medial incisors and canines were measured by software. The data was statistically analyzed and discriminant functions were created to enable gender estimation.
Results: The results of statistical processing confirmed the presence of sexual dimorphism (P < 0.001) between all measures: incisor length, incisor root length, incisor crown length, incisor crown width, canine length, canine root length, canine crown length and canine crown width. The accuracy of gender estimation ranged from 65 % (poorest individual measure) to 75 % (best individual measure), while the discriminant functions with three and six measures demonstrated gender estimation accuracy of 79 % and 78 %, respectively.
Conclusions: Sexual dimorphism of the maxillary central incisors and canines is evident, highlighting the significance of dental measurements for gender estimation in the Croatian population
Cryptography and cryptographic algorithms information security
No full textU ovom radu obuhvaćene su tehnologije s ciljem rješavanja različitih sigurnosnih problema u
funkcioniranju suvremenih informacijskih sustava. Težište je na objašnjavanju dometa u slučaju
moguće ugroze kritične infrastrukture. Dat je opis strukture i funkcionalnosti kriptografskih
algoritama koji se trenutno primjenjuju u zaštiti informacija i izneseni su mogući pravci daljeg
razvoja. Obuhvaćeni su opći pojmovi iz kriptografije i kriptografije te metodologije
funkcioniranja kriptografskih algoritama uz objašnjenja prednosti i sigurnosnih problema
vezanih uz njihovu primjenu, kao i moguća rješenja. Sigurnosne prijetnje informacijskom
društvu raznovrsne su i specifične po tome što su primarno usmjerene na zlonamjerno
destabiliziranje informacijskih sustava. Onemogućavanje normalnog funkcioniranja
informacijskih sustava u društvu koje je od njih postalo ovisno može imati vrlo ozbiljne
posljedice na sve sfere društvenog života. Posljedice mogu biti čak i fatalne ukoliko se ugroze
pojedine infrastrukture.This paper includes technologies with the aim of solving various security problems in the
functioning of modern information systems. The emphasis is on explaining the range in the
event of a possible threat to a critical infrastructure of a state. The description of the structure
and functionality of the cryptographic algorithms, which are currently applying in the protection
of information and the possible directions of further development have been presented. General
terms in cryptography and cryptography and the methodology of the functioning of
cryptographic algorithms are covered, with explanations for the benefits and security problems
related to their application, as well as possible solutions. Information society safety threats are
varied and specific in that they are primarily focused on malicious destabilization of
information systems. Disabling the normal functioning of information systems in a society that
has become dependent can have very serious consequences on all spheres of social life. The
consequences can even be fatal if individual infrastructure is threatened