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European Investigation Order As a New Instrument of Judicial Cooperation Between Member States in Criminal Cases With a Special Focus on Croatian Law
No full textUlazak u Europsku uniju za Republiku Hrvatsku značio je posve novo razdoblje u njezinu povijesnom i društvenom razvoju. Na području kaznenog prava to je podrazumijevalo implementaciju i harmonizaciju niza instituta kojima je cilj olakšati postupanje pravosudnih tijela i njihovu suradnju u kaznenim predmetima između država članica. U pet godina učinjeni su određeni koraci na tom putu. Međutim, osim analize učinjenog u ovom je razdoblju vrlo važno upozoriti i na otvorena pitanja čija praktična implikacija tek slijedi. Stoga je cilj rada uputiti na institut europskoga istražnog naloga koji je u hrvatsko kazneno zakonodavstvo, u skladu s Direktivom 2014/41/EU Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 3. travnja 2014. godine o europskom istražnom nalogu u kaznenim stvarima, uveden Zakonom o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o pravosudnoj suradnji u kaznenim stvarima s državama članicama Europske unije u listopadu 2017. godine, a novi je institut u pravnim sustavima i drugih država članica. Europski je istražni nalog nakon implementacije europskoga uhidbenog naloga nastavak nastojanja harmonizirana djelovanja pravosudnih tijela država članica Europske unije u kaznenom postupku u cilju pribavljanja dokaza istražnim mjerama. Premda njegove implikacije tek slijede, radom se prikazuju prednosti njegova uvođenja i nedostatci koji proizlaze iz tumačenja pojedinih zakonskih odredaba i stavova kaznenopravne javnosti.The accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union opened a whole new era in its historical and social development. In the area of criminal law, this involves the implementation and harmonization of a number of institutes aimed at facilitating the treatment of judicial organs and their cooperation in criminal cases between Member States. Over a period of five years, certain steps have been taken in this direction. However, in addition to analyzing the results achieved in this period, it is very important to point to open questions whose practical implications will be discussed. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to point to the institute of European Investigation Order, which was introduced in Croatian criminal legislation by the Act on Amendments of the Law on Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters with the Member States of the European Union of October 2017 in accordance with Directive 2014/41 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 3th 2014 on a European Investigation Order in Criminal Matters, which is a new institute in the legal systems of other Member States. Following the implementation of the European Arrest Warrant, the European Investigation Order is a continuation of the efforts to harmonize activities of judicial organs of EU Member States in criminal proceedings with the aim of obtaining evidence through investigative measures. Although its implications will be seen in the future, the paper discusses all the advantages of its introduction and the deficiencies that arise from the interpretation of certain legal provisions by criminal law scholars
Security Challenges and Guideline Proposals for the Development of Underwater Security
No full textMaritime affairs are of great importance to the world economy, which is why the security of this area is of the utmost importance. Maritime security can be disrupted in a number of ways, and in this paper the greatest emphasis is placed on underwater security. Although states are making efforts to safeguard maritime and underwater security, there is still plenty of room to raise underwater security to a much higher level
Analysis of on-site investigation procedures of firearm attack on a motor vehicle
No full textDjelatnici vojne policije Oružanih snaga Republike Hrvatske i policijski službenici MUP-a proveli su terensku obuku na vojnom poligonu “Josip Jović” u Udbini na način da su simulirali situacije napada pješačkim vatrenim oružjem različitog kalibra na motorno vozilo, nakon čega su proveli očevidne radnje u svrhu uvježbavanja i usavršavanja istih. Autor ovog teksta je iskoristio prikupljene podatke iz provedenih eksperimenata, te je analizirao mehanička oštećenja nastala na površini motornog vozila prilikom ispaljenja streljiva iz svakog vatrenog oružja ponaosob. Analizirani podatci su sažeti u tablicu koja bi uz daljnju nadogradnju mogla postati preliminarni alat pomoću kojeg bi u budućnosti pripadnici očevidnih ekipa bili u mogućnosti prepoznati o kojem se kalibru vatrenog oružja radi odmah po dolasku na mjesto počinjenja kaznenog dijela, što bi uvelike ubrzalo same očevidne radnje i omogućilo operativcima na terenu da u što kraćem roku privedu osumnjičene osobe.Military Police Officers of the Croatian Armed Forces and Ministry of Interior Police Officers conducted field training at the military range "Josip Jović" in Udbina by simulating the situations of attack with hand firearms of different caliber on a motor vehicle, after which they conducted crime scene investigation actions for the purpose of training and perfecting the methods. The author of this text used the collected data from the experiments and analyzed mechanical damage to the surface of a motor vehicle damaged by the projectiles from each fired firearm. The data was analyzed and summarized in a table which with further upgrades could become a preliminary tool for members of the CSI teams would be able to identify which firearm caliber was used upon their arrival at the crime scene, which would greatly speed up the crime scene investigation and allow field operatives to arrest the suspect as soon as possible
Genus Brucella as a potential bioterorist weapon
No full textBakterija roda Brucella uzrokuje bolest brucelozu najčešće u domaćih i divljih ţivotinja. Bolest se često naziva i Mediteranska groznica jer se najčešće javlja u zemljama mediteranskog pojasa . Put prijenosa zaraze je kontakt sa zaraţenom ţivotinjom i njezinim produktima kroz oštećenu koţu, konzumacijom zaraţene hrane ili udisanjem aerosola. Bolest se moţe javiti u oba spola ali najčešće pogaĎa muškarce u dobi 20-40 godine ţivota. Bruceloza je zoonoza, kao profesionalna bolest se javlja najčešće u mesara, uzgajivača stoke i radnika u klaonicama. Bolest ima dugu inkubaciju do 60 dana a moţe se manifestirati kao akutna, subakutna i kronična infekcija. Dijagnoza bolesti se potvrĎuje uz detaljnu epidemiološku dijagnozu, kliničku sliku i laboratorijskim nalazima, od kojih uzgoj bakterije iz krvi predstavlja zlatni standard dijagnostike što smo i dokazali u istraţivanju koje smo proveli na 23 uzorka pacijenta iz Klinike za infektivne bolesti "Dr. Fran Mihaljević" u razdoblju od 2007-2018 g. Uvidom u podatke iz Bosne i Hercegovine zaključili smo da bruceloza predstavlja veliki javno zdravstveni problem i mogući je izvor zaraze u drţavama u okolici, dok podaci iz ECDC-a govore da mediteranske zemlje imaju najveći broj prijavljenih slučajeva bruceloze. Liječenje je dugotrajno i usmjereno je na sprečavanje razvoja komplikacija. Kao biološko oruţje moţe se upotrebiti na čovjeku i ţivotinjama. Bakterija je vrlo zarazna procjenjuje se da 10 -100 bakterija bilo dovoljno da stvori infektivni aerosol. Prednost joj je što u okolišu moţe u odreĎenim uvjetima opstati i do 2 godine , lako se moţe uzgojiti, transportirati i raspršiti aerosolom što je čini idealnim patogenom u bioterorizmu. Iako je smrtnost od bolesti niska, drugi čimbenici kao duga inkubacija i dijagnoza koju nije lako utvrditi, razlozi su zbog kojih bolest ovog uzročnika ne treba podcjenjivati kao potencijalno bioterorističko oruţje.A bacterium of genus Brucella causes brucellosis disease most commonly in domestic and wild animals. It is also called Mediterranean fever because it occurs most often in the Mediterranean countries. The route of transmission is conect with an infected animal and its products trough damaged skin, the consumption of contaminated food or inhalation of aerosols. The disease can occur in both sexes but most often affects men between the agea of 20-40. Brucellosis is a zoonosis, as an occupational disease most commonly occurs in butchers, livestock farmers and slaughterhouse workers.The disease has a long incubation period of up to 60 days and can manifest as acute, subacute and chronic infection.. The diagnosis of the disease is confirm with detailed epidemiological diagnosis, clinical presentation and laboratory findings, of which blood culture is the gold standard of diagnosis, which we have proven in a study conducted on 23 patient samples from Clinic for the Infectious Deseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević" in the period 2007-2018 year. Looking at the data from Bosnia and Herzegovina , we concluded that brucellosis is a major public health problem and possibe source of infection to the surrounding counrries , while ECDC data indicate that the Mediterranean countries have the highest number of reported cases of brucellosis. The treatman is long-lasting and aims to prevent the development of complications. As a biological weapon , it can be used on humans and animals. The bacterium is highly contagious, an estimated 10-100 bacteria was enought to create an infectious aerosol. Its advantage is that it can survive in the enviroment for up to 2 years in certain conditions, can be easily grown , transported and sprayed with an aerosol , making it an ideal pathogen in bioterrorisam. Although the mortality of the disease is low, other facts such as long-term incubation of the disease and diagnosis the is not easy to make are the reasons why the disease of this causative agent should not be underestimated as potential bioterroristic weapon
Analysis of on-site investigation procedures of a vehicle explosion caused by an exsplosive device
No full textAnaliza očevidnih postupaka kod eksplozije vozila uzrokovano eksplozivnom napravom Cilj ovog rada je analiza očevidnih postupaka kod eksplozije vozila uzrokovano eksplozivnom napravom. Na temelju provedenih očevida kod eksplozije ručne bombe M 75 i trotila na osobnom vozilu, nastala oštećenja na vozilu su različita zbog djelovanja različitih vrsta eksplozivnih naprava, uslijed čega se i pronađeni tragovi uvelike razlikuju.Analysis of on-site investigation procedures of a vehicle explosion caused by an explosive device The aim of this paper is Analysis of on-site investigation procedures of a vehicle explosion caused by an explosive device. Based on the investigation of the explosion of a hand grenade M 75 and a trotyl on a passenger car, the resulting damage to the vehicle is different because of the impact of various types of explosive devices, which makes the found clues to be very different
Application of new technologies in forensic genetics
No full textStalni napredak u području analize DNA dovodi do razvitka novih metoda i tehnologija koje svoju primjenu zatim pronalaze i u području forenzičnih znanosti. Ovaj rad predstavlja kratki pregled tehnologija masivnog paralelnog sekvenciranja i rapid DNA analize te njihove primjene u forenzici. Potencijal primjene metoda masivnog paralelnog sekvenciranja vidljiv je u analizi izazovnih uzoraka, poput degradiranih uzoraka ili mješavina, te mogućnosti simultane analize autosomnih biljega, mitohondrijske DNA i spolnih kromosoma u jedinstvenom testu. Također, metode masivnog paralelnog sekvenciranja korisne su u analizi SNP-ova za predikciju fenotipskih karakteristika i u analizi mikrobioma te potencijalno otvaraju nove mogućnosti u forenzičnim istragama i forenzičnoj identifikaciji osoba. S druge strane, metode rapid DNA analize pružaju poboljšanje u smislu brzine dobivanja genetičkog profila. Potencijalnu primjenu imaju i izvan laboratorija na mjestima poput policijskih stanica, graničnih prijelaza te u scenarijima poput trgovine ljudima ili masovnih katastrofa. Iako je potencijal primjene ovih metoda u forenzičnim znanostima itekako vidljiv, prije njihovog uključivanja u rutinski rad potrebno je uzeti u obzir brojne čimbenike i prevladati određene izazove kako bi se zadovoljili standardi struke.Constant progress in the field of DNA analysis leads to the development of new methods and technologies that consequently find their application in the field of forensic science. This paper presents a brief overview of massively parallel sequencing technologies and rapid DNA analysis and their application in forensics. The potential of applying massively parallel sequencing methods is seen in the analysis of challenging samples, such as degraded samples or mixtures, and the ability to simultaneously analyze autosomal markers, mitochondrial DNA and sex chromosome markers in a single test. Also, methods of massively parallel sequencing are useful in SNP analysis for predicting phenotypic characteristics and in microbiome analysis and thus potentially opening up new possibilities in forensic investigations and forensic human identification. On the other hand, rapid DNA analysis provides an improvement in terms of the speed of obtaining a genetic profile. Rapid DNA analysis could also potentially be useful outside laboratories at places like police stations, border crossings, and in scenarios such as human trafficking or mass disasters. Although the potential of using these methods in forensic science is evident, before their implementation in routine forensic work it is necessary to consider numerous factors and overcome many challenges in order for them to meet the standards of the profession
Preventive measures aimed at reducing the lives of young drivers in traffic
No full textPreventiva u cilju smanjivanja ugroženosti mladih vozača u prometu je od nacionalnog interesa za Republiku Hrvatsku, shodno čemu je i donesen Nacionalni program sigurnosti cestovnog prometa Republike Hrvatske, koji je uz Zakon o sigurnosti prometa na cestama temeljni dokument kojim se radi na prevenciji i smanjenju stradavanja svih sudionika u prometu. Cilj ovog rada je upoznati širu javnost s prijedlozima koji uključuju smanjenje ugroženosti mladih vozača u prometu bilo kroz izmjene i dopune određenih zakona ili kroz prevenciju u cilju edukacije mladih. Kroz ovaj rad korišteni su statistički podatci Policijske uprave šibenskokninske u vremenu od 2015. godine do 2018. godine, te je provedeno istraživanje da li ima statistički značajnih razlika u prometnim nesrećama koje su prouzrokovali mladi vozači, ali i istraživanje da li postoji statistički značajna razlika u broju prometnih nesreća koje su prouzrokovali alkoholizirani vozači. Kao zaključak se nameće činjenica da je kroz škole potrebno više raditi na prevenciji u cilju smanjivanja stradavanja mladih vozača, ali i postrožiti zakonske propise kako bi počinitelje prometnih prekršaja odgovorili od počinjenja prekršaja. U ovom radu korišteni su službeni podatci Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova Republike Hrvatske, Policijske uporave šibensko-kninske koji su dobiveni na temelju pisane suglasnosti.Prevention in order to reduce the vulnerability of young drivers in traffic is of national interest for Republic of Croatia. Accordingly, the National Road Safety Program of Republic of Croatia was adopted, which is, as well as the Road Traffic Safety Act, a basic document for preventing and reducing casualties of all traffic participants. The main aim of this work is get the wider public to be more familiar with suggestions that include reducing the vulnerability of young drivers in traffic either through amendments to certain laws or through certain youth education. For the purpose of this work, I was using statistical data of the Šibenik-Knin Police Administration in the period from 2015. to 2018. and a study was conducted to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in traffic accidents caused by young drivers and also whether there was a statistically significant differences in the number of traffic accidents caused by alcoholic drivers. As a conclusion, it is highly important for school to invest more effort into a proper education for young drivers and also our laws and legal regulations should be more strict in order to create awareness in the mind of every potential traffic offender.
In this work were used official data of the Ministry of the Interior, Republic of Croatia, police administration of Sibenik-Knin, which were obtained on the basis of written consent
Novo kazneno djelo prisile prema zdravstvenom radniku
No full textKazneno zakonodavstvo Republike Hrvatske od 4. siječnja 2019. godine sadrži novo kazneno djelo prisile prema zdravstvenom radniku te se u radu detaljno analizira normativno uređenje novog kaznenog djela tako da se obrađuju obilježja tko može biti počinitelj i pasivni subjekt, u čemu se sastoji radnja počinjenja, posljedica i pokušaj djela te namjera počinitelja. Uvodno, kronološki se navode razlozi koji su rukovodili zakonodavca da u glavi kaznenih djela protiv javnog reda propiše novo djelo. Također, posebno se obrađuju kvalificirani oblici prisile prema zdravstvenim radnicima kao i poseban fakultativni razlog za oslobođenje od kazne počinitelja. S obzirom da djelo prisile prema zdravstvenom radniku sadrži obilježja primjene sile ili prijetnje da će se izravno uporabiti sila, autorica je postavila i odnos tog djela i kaznenih djela prisile, prijetnje i različitih oblika tjelesnih ozljeda. Smatrajući da će hrvatsko normativno rješenje novog kaznenog djela izazvati određene teorijske i praktične dvojbe, rad završava prikazom francuskog normativnog rješenja zaštite liječnika i zdravstvenih radnika od nasilja te prijedlogom de lege ferenda koji usvaja politiku nulte tolerancije prema svim oblicima nasilja u javnim službama
Types of the murder felony
No full textKazneno djelo ubojstva je još od Hamurabijevog zakonika bilo jedno od najtežih kaznenih djela. Sastoji se u oduzimanju života druge osobe. Počinitelj može biti samo čovjek, te je objekt napada život drugog objekta. Prema hrvatskom kaznenom zakonodavstvu postoje tkz. obično ubojstvo za koje je propisana kazna zatvora u rasponu od 5 godina do 20, teško ubojstvo koje je počinjeno sa kvalifikatornim obilježjima, na okrutan podmukli način, ubojstvo osobe koja je posebno ranjiva zbog dobi, tjelesne ili duševne smetnje, osobe koja je već ranije bila zlostavljana, te je za ta kaznena djela propisana kazna u rasponu od 21 do 40 godina ili ako se radi o stjecaju i do 50 godina. Neki kazneni zakoni još uvijek za kazneno djelo ubojstva kao najteže propisuju smrtnu kaznu. Smrtna kazna bila je propisana i u kaznenim zakonima Hrvatske dok je još bila u sastavu SFRJ, ali je ista ukinuta osamostaljenjem Republike Hrvatske. Kazneni zakon također sadrži i odredbe o kaznenim djelima ubojstva koja se označavaju kao privilegiranim te je se za njih propisuje i manja kazna. Riječ je o usmrćenju za koji je propisana kazna od jedne do deset godina, ubojstvu iz nehaja gdje je kazna propisana u trajanju šest mjeseci do pet godina te o sudjelovanje u samoubojstvu gdje osoba koja navede drugoga na samoubojstvo ili mu pomogne u istome može dobiti kaznu zatvora do tri godine. Sudska praksa sve poteškoće oko razumijevanja zakonskih odredbi najbolje pokazuje kroz ispravljanje odluka prvostupanjskih sudova, što se najbolje vidi u slučaju Dragana Paravinje gdje je Vrhovni sud čak tri puta ukidao odluke prvostupanjskih sudove.The felony of murder has been one of the worst criminal felonies since Hamurabis law. It consists in taking away the life of another person. The perpetrator can be just a person, and the object alo can be just another person. According to Croatian criminal law there are murder of first degree for which prescribes a prison sentence ranging from 5 years to 20 and murder of second degree which is committed with qualifications, to brutal a murderous way of killing a person who is particularly vulnerable to age, physical or mental disability, a person who has already been abused, and for these criminal offenses are prescribed prison sentence in the range from 21 to 40 years or if it is made by juncture offences up to 50 years. Some criminal laws still have in their criminal law's system for the murder felony as the most difficult a death penalty. The death penalty was also prescribed in the Criminal law system of Croatia while still part of the SFRY, but it was abrogation by the independence of the Republic of Croatia. The criminal law also contains provisions on the criminal offenses of murder that are designated as privileged and a lower penalty is prescribed for them. It is about killing for which a sentence of one to ten years is prescribed, a murder that's commited just few moments after some argue or instant murders will be punished of six months to five years, and suicide where a person commits another person to suicide or he or she may receive a prison sentence of up to three years. Court practice all the difficulties of understanding the legal provisions best shows through rectification the decision of the first-instance courts, which is best seen in the case of Dragan Paravinnja where the Supreme Court abolished the decisions of the first instance courts three times so that could make a own decision
Drug dependence population in prison system
No full textOvisnici su specifična društvena skupina koja sve češće pripada zatvorskoj populaciji. Velik broj osoba koje su ovisne o opojnoj ili psihoaktivnoj tvari često su u prilici izvršiti kazneno djelo s ciljem stjecanja sredstava koja su im potrebna za sredstvo ovisnosti. Ovisnici u zatvorskom sustavu izvršavaju kaznu skupno, te su smješteni na posebne odjele. Tretman ovisnika u zatvorskom sustavu je dugotrajan proces koji obuhvaća rehabilitaciju, resocijalizaciju i liječenje od ovisnosti. Liječenje osuđenih ovisnika provodi se supstitucijskom terapijom s ciljem stabilizacije i rješavanja socijalnih i psiholoških poteškoća koje uzrokuje sredstvo ovisnosti. Tretman ovisnika u zatvorskom sustavu vrši se temeljem pojedinačnog programa izvršavanja kazne zatvora, a isti se može i mijenjati tijekom određenog vremenskog perioda što u konačnici ovisi o ponašanju samog zatvorenika.Addicts are a specific social group that increasingly belongs to the prison population. A large number of people who are addicted to an orphan or psychoactive substance are often in a position to commit a criminal offense with the aim of obtaining the resources they need for the addictive substance. Suppressants in the prison system execute the sentence in bulk, and are placed in special units. Treatment of addicts in the prison system is a long-term process that involves rehabilitation, resocialization, and addiction treatment. Treatment of convicted addicts is performed by substitution therapy to stabilize and address the social and psychological difficulties caused by addictive drugs. The treatment of addicts in the prison system is based on an individual imprisonment execution program, which can be changed over a certain period of time and ultimately depends on the behavior of the inmate himself