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Social network analysis for prevention od terrorism
No full textU radu je opisana analiza društvenih mreža (engl. Social Network Analysis – SNA) s ciljem sprječavanja terorizma. Da bi se moglo spriječiti neki teroristički napad potrebno je identificirati mrežu, ključne osobe i odnose između pojedinaca. Kako identificirati ključne osobe neke terorističke organizacije? Prikupljanjem podataka i njihovom analizom, odnosno primjenom teorije analize društvenih mreža, moguće je identificirati ključne osobe, dobiti informacije o aktivnosti pojedinca, pristupu, kontroli, utjecaju itd. Kroz primjere analize društvenih mreža uporabom mjera centralnosti: stupanj, blizina, međupovezanost i eigenvektor prikazat će se mogućnosti primjene analize društvenih mjera u svrhu sprječavanja terorizma. Korišteni su alati, Maltego, NodeXL i IBM i2 Analyst Notebook, koji pružaju mogućnost prikupljanja podataka iz otvorenih izvora, odnosno iskorištavanje javno dostupnih informacija, te njihovu analizu. Maltego alatom prikupljeni su podatci o odnosima između pojedinaca, organizacija, Twitter objava itd. koji su daljnjom analizom analizirani i grafički prikazani radi lakše i jednostavnije interpretacije. NodeXL je alat koji služi za prikupljanje i za analizu podataka, ali u radu je korišten samo u svrhu prikupljanja velikog skupa podataka, također s Twittera. Dobiveni podatci su analizirani u programu IBM i2 Analyst's Notebook jer isti ima razvijenu mogućnost primjene analize društvenih mreža. U programu je provedena i analiza društvenih mreža na primjerima slučajeva terorističkih mreža, a temeljena je na podatcima prikupljenim iz dostupnih baza podataka na Internetu. Predmet ovog rada je i rekonstrukcija analize društvene mreža terorističke skupine odgovorne za terorističkog napada 11. rujna 2001. godine te analiza društvene mreže 56 visoko rangiranih pripadnika terorističke organizacije Islamska država. Sve navedeno prikazuje efikasnost primjene analize društvenih mreža kroz uporabu mjera centralnosti u sprječavanju terorizma.The paper describes Social Network Analysis with aim of preventing Terrorism. To curtain a terrorist attack, we need to identify network, key players and relationship between individuals. How to identify key players of a terrorist organization? By collecting data and its analysis, i.e. by applying Social Network Analysis theory, it is possible to identify key players, obtain information about individual activities, access, control, influence etc. The possibilities of the Social Network Analysis applications in countering terrorism will be shown true the examples of centrality measures implementation such as: degree, betweenness, closeness and eigenvector. The tools used (IBM i2 Analyst Notebook, NodeXL, Maltego) offer possibility of dana collection, i.e. exploitation of publicity available information and its analysis. By using Maltego tool, the dana gathered is on relations between individuals, organizations, tweets etc., which are then further analyzed and graphically shown for easier interpretation. NodeXL is a tool for dana collection and analysis, but in this paper, it was used only to collect large quantities of dana, also from Twitter. The gathered dana was analyzed in IB i2 Analyst Notebook program, because it has a high capability of Social Network Analysis. The program also applied Social Network Analysis of terrorist network, based on dana collected from open sources on the Internet. The subject of this paper is also the reconstruction of Social Network Analysis of the 9/11 attacks, as well the Social Network Analysis of 56 high-ranking members of IS terrorist organization. All the above mentioned shows the effectiveness of Social Network Analysis by using the centrality measures in preventing terrorism
The effect of primer cap material on firing pin impression marks
No full textCilj: Ispitati utjecaj različitih materijala izrade inicijalnih kapsula na izgled i dimenzije
tragova udarne igle.
Metode: U istraživanju je analizirano sveukupno 75 čahura koje su podijeljene u četiri
skupine po proizvođačima, tri skupine po 19 te jedna skupina s 18 komada čahura. Na svakoj
čahuri izmjereno je osam mjera traga udarne igle na inicijalnoj kapsuli. Ispitana je
ponovljivost mjerenja za sve mjere te razlike u korištenim mjerama u odnosu na vrste
strjeljiva.
Rezultati: Pronađena je statistički značajna razlika među strjeljivom čija je inicijalna kapsula
izrađena od niklovanog mesinga u usporedbi sa strjeljivom čija je inicijalna kapsula
napravljena od običnog mesinga. Također, statistički značajne razlike pronađene su i među
vrstama strjeljiva čija je inicijalna kapsula izrađena od istog materijala (mjedi).
Zaključak: Istraživanje je pokazalo da materijali izrade inicijalne kapsule imaju utjecaj na
izgled traga udarne igle.Aim: To examine the effect of the primer cap material on the dimensions of the firing pin
impressions.
Methods: This research used 75 samples of cartridges divided in four groups by ammunition
manufacturer, three groups of 19 samples and one group with 18 samples. 8 measures of
firing pin impression were made on each sample. The repeatability of the measurements for
all measures and the differences in the measures used in relation to the types of ammunition
were examined.
Results: Statistically significant differences were found between ammunition whose primer
cap is made of nickel plated brass when compared with ammunition made of brass. Also,
significant differences were found between three other groupswhose primer cap were made of
the same material (brass).
Conclusion: This research has shown that the type of material of the primer cap has
significant impact on the dimensions of the firing pin impression
Coronavirus pandemic and crime in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, Herezgovina-neretva County
No full textPrema svemu prikazanom u radu pandemija korona virusa iako jedna od ozbiljnijih kriza koja je zadesila čovječanstvo ista je pridonijela u nekim područjima smanjenu dok u nekim područjima povećanju kaznenih djela u HNŽ. Mjere poput izolacije na duži periodu pridonijele su povećanju kaznenih djela nasilja u obitelji koje kao popratni faktor sa sobom nose i tjelesne ozljede nerijetko težeg oblika, dok su mjere poput ograničenog kretanja, policijskog sata i slično pridonijele tome da osobe sklone vršenju kaznenih djela protiv imovine nemaju prostora za izvršenje istih jer se ista kaznena djela pretežito događaju tijekom noćnih sati kada je navedenim mjerama bilo zabranjeno kretanje. Također je efektivan i pojačan rad policije i drugih službenika u periodu mjera zabrane kao rezultat dao smanjene kaznenih djela protiv imovine. Pojava korona virusa značajno je otežala rad službenika policije prilikom čega su se mjere zaštite morale poštivati, ali je i na značajan način pridonijela smanjenju kaznenih djela.According to everything presented in this paper, the COVID-19 pandemic, although one of the most serious crises that has befallen humanity, has contributed in some areas to a decrease while in some areas to an increase in criminal offenses in the Hercegovačko-neretvanskoj županiji. Measures such as long-term isolation have contributed to an increase in domestic violence offenses, which often involve serious injuries, while measures such as restricted movement, curfew, etc. have contributed to the propensity of persons prone to committing crimes against property to space for the execution of the same because the same criminal offenses predominantly occur during the night hours when the said measures prohibited the movement. Also effective and intensified work of the police and other officers during the period of prohibitive measures as a result resulted in reduced criminal offenses against property. The appearance of the corona virus significantly hampered the work of police officers, during which protection measures had to be respected, but it also significantly contributed to the reduction of criminal offenses
Manipulation of financial result in the context of opening bankruptcy proceedings
No full textU ovom istraživanju analiziran je međuodnos upravljanja zaradama i otvaranja stečajnog postupka. Podaci za potrebe rada prikupljeni su analizom bilanci, računa dobiti i gubitka te izvještaja o novčanom toku u razdoblju od četiri godine (2010. – 2013.)., a u uzorak su uključena 52 bankrotirana društva. Razina upravljanja zaradama izračunana je pomoću DeAngelo modela, dok je metodama korelacije i regresijske analize analiziran odnos otvaranja stečaja, profitabilnosti, veličine i zaduženosti odabranih s upravljanjem zaradom. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju kako je statistička značajnost potvrđena samo za odnos otvaranja stečaja i računovodstvenih manipulacija u 2010. i 2012. Isto tako, odnos se pokazao negativnim, iz čega se može zaključiti da je vjerojatnost prisutnosti upravljanja zaradom manja ako je trgovačko društvo otvorilo stečajni postupak.This research analyzed the relationship between earnings management and the opening of bankruptcy proceedings. Data for research purposes were collected by analyzing balance sheets, profit and loss accounts and cash flow statements for a period of four years (2010-2013), and the sample included 52 bankrupt companies. The earnings management level was calculated using the DeAngelo model, while the correlation and regression analysis methods analyzed the relationship between the bankruptcy, profitability, size and indebtedness with the earnings management. The obtained results indicate that the statistical significance was confirmed only for the ratio of opening of bankruptcy and accounting manipulations in 2010 and 2012. Also, the ratio turned out to be negative, from which it can be concluded that the probability of earnings management is lower if the company opened bankruptcy proceedings
International cooperation of security and intelligence agency - role in the fight against organized crime and terrorism in the European Union
No full textU suvremenim uvjetima koje obilježavaju globalne političke i tehnološke promjene razvijaju se novi oblici ugroze nacionalnih interesa i sigurnosti država svijeta tako i Europske unije. Sigurnosno-obavještajne agencije čine okvir u zaštiti nacionalnih interesa i sigurnosti te glavnu ulogu na području suzbijanja i prevencija najvećih suvremenih ugroza sigurnosti, a to su organizirani kriminalitet i terorizam. Karakterizira ih transnacionalni karakter te njihovo praćenje i suzbijanje nadilazi nacionalne mogućnosti država. Stoga, države Europske unije sve više teže osnivanju zajedničkog tijela u svrhu koordinacije obavještajnih agencija radi pronalaženja adekvatnog odgovora na iste. Ovaj rad nastojat će istražiti na koji način obavještajne agencije pridonose sigurnosti država Europske unije, njihov način i metode rada te postoji li potreba za međunarodnom suradnja država članica u pronalasku efikasnog odgovor sigurnosno-obavještajnih agencija na suvremene prijetnje. Također, na kojoj razini suradnja moguća i koje izazove nosi za države članice Europske unije pojedinačno. Analizirat će se i već postojeći multilateralni forumi i organizacije koji djeluju na području sigurnosti Europe te njihov doprinos i uloga u borbi protiv suvremenog terorizma i organiziranog kriminaliteta.Global changes on political and technological field created new types of national security threats in the European Union. Security and intelligence agencies represent the framework for the protection of national interests and security by taking the main role in the field of combating and preventing new types of global threats such as organized crime and terrorism. Considering their transnational character monitoring and suppression goes beyond the national capabilities of the Member States. Therefore, member states are increasingly striving to establish a joint body for the purpose of coordinating intelligence agencies to find an adequate response to these two global issues. This paper will try to investigate how security and intelligence agencies contribute to the security of EU countries, their working methods, and whether there is a need for international cooperation between Member States in finding an effective response to the contemporary threats. Also, what challenges does the cooperation brings and at what level is it possible for the Member States of the European Union on the national level. Furthermore, the paper will analyze existing multilateral forums and organizations in the field of European security and their role and contribution in the fight against global issues terrorism and organized crime
Frequency of detection Sars-Cov-2 virus among the tested samples at the Institute of public health od Split and Dalmatia county
No full textUvod: SARS-CoV-2 virusi su kružni jednolančani, RNK virusi veličine genoma između 26 kb i 32 kb. Korona virusi su raznolika skupina respiratornih virusa, razvrstani u četiri roda koji uključuju α-, β-, γ- i δ-koronaviruse. Virus SARS-CoV-2 uzrokuje, ovisno o tipu virusa, povišenu tjelesnu temperaturu, suhi kašalj, umor, otežano disanje , bol u mišićima, upalu pluća. Prijenos virusa SARS-CoV-2 događa se uglavnom udisanjem respiratornih kapljica ili aerosola pri kihanju, disanju ili kašljanju zaraženih osoba u blizini zdravih osoba. Vrijeme između izlaganja samog virusa i pojave prvih simptoma je između 2 i 14 dana te je osoba najzaraznija kada ima izražene simptome bolesti, ali i do 2 dana prije pojave simptoma bolesti.
Ciljevi: Ciljevi ovog rada bili su dijagnosticirati virus SARS-CoV-2 u uzetim uzorcima, prikazati njegovu zastupljenost u Splitsko – dalmatinskoj županiji te usporediti podatke sa podatcima u RH i svijetu.
Materijali i metode: Metoda koja se koristi za detekciju virusa SARS-CoV-2 je RealTime PCR gdje se kao uzorak koristi obrisak nazofarinksa / ždrijela. Detekcija nukleinskih kiselina PCR tehnikom neinvazivna je metoda detekcije virusa SARS-CoV-2.
Rezultati: Tijekom razdoblja od 1 godine (01. 06. 2020. – 31. 05. 2021.) u NZJZ SDŽ od ukupnog broja važećih rezultata 179 932, 40 727 (22,6 %) uzoraka je bilo pozitivno na virus SARS-CoV-2.
Zaključci: SARS-CoV-2 je treća visoko patogena bolest humanog koronavirusa do danas, koja svojim brzim širenjem predstavlja najtežu prijetnju globalnom zdravlju u ovom stoljeću. Provođenjem mjera primarne (cijepljenje) i sekundarne prevencije (pridržavanje javnozdravstvenih mjera), u budućnosti bi se trebalo virus SARS-CoV-2 znatno smanjiti, pa čak i ukloniti.Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 viruses are circular single-stranded, RNA viruses with a genome size between 26 kb and 32 kb. Coronaviruses are a diverse group of respiratory viruses, classified into four genera that include α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes, depending on the type of virus, fever, dry cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle pain, pneumonia. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus occurs mainly by inhalation of respiratory droplets or aerosols when sneezing, breathing or coughing of infected persons in the vicinity of healthy persons. The time between exposure to the virus and the appearance of the first symptoms is between 2 and 14 days, and a person is most contagious when he has severe symptoms of the disease, but also up to 2 days before the onset of symptoms.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to diagnose the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the samples taken, to show its prevalence in the Split and Dalmatia County and to compare the data with data in the Republic of Croatia and the world.
Materials and methods: The method used to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus is RealTime PCR where a nasopharyngeal / pharyngeal swab is used as a sample. Nucleic acid detection by PCR is a non-invasive method of detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Results: During the period of 1 year (June 1, 2020 – May 31, 2021), a total od 179,932 samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 virus at the Institute of Public Health of Split and Dalmatia Country, of which 40,727 (26.6 %) samples were positive.
Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 is the third highly pathogenic human coronavirus disease to date, which, with its rapid spread, is the most serious threat to global health in this century. By implementing primary (vaccination) and secondary prevention measures (adherence to public health measures), the SARS-CoV-2 virus should be significantly reduced and even eliminated in the future
Comparison of forensically important species of flies in area of the cities of Split and Omiš
No full textEntomologija je znanost koja proučava insekte, a forenzična entomologija insekte pronađene na mrtvim tijelima. Točna identifikacija vrste muha iznimno je važan korak u forenzičnoj entomologiji, s obzirom na činjenicu da insekt prikupljen na truplu može omogućiti korisne informacije za procjenu postmortalnog intervala (PMI) tj. procjenu vremena kada je smrt najvjerojatnije nastupila.
Ciljevi ovog diplomskog rada su prikupiti, identificirati i utvrditi brojnost i raznolikost strvinarskih vrsta muha te ih usporediti između dva grada, u ovom slučaju Splita i Omiša. Osim navedenog, namjera nam je bila i ustanoviti utjecaj temperature, vlažnosti zraka i oborina na razlike u brojnosti i raznolikosti vrsta.
Proteinska klopka za hvatanje muha napravljena je od plastične boce na kojoj je po sredini izrezan otvor kroz koje bi muhe ulazile, a u bocu smo još ulijeli 70%-tni alkohol. Na vrh čepa s unutarnje strane boce smo objesili mamac, svježe meso (pileća jetrica) i kao takvu objesili konopom za granu stabla. Istraživanje je trajalo tri mjeseca (travanj, svibanj i lipanj), klopka je bila postavljena tijekom tri dana u razmaku od pet tjedana. Primjenom proteinske klopke ukupno je prikupljeno 366 jedinki koje pripadaju redu Diptera, kasnije identificirane u pet porodica i devet vrsta. Najbrojnija porodica bila je Calliphoridae (muhe zujare) sa 6 identificiranih različitih vrsta, dok je druga najbrojnija bila Psychodidae kojoj nismo uspjeli identificirati točnu vrstu, a treća je Sarcophagidae (muhe mesaruše) s 3 različite vrste, zatim Anthomyidae s 2 i Phoridae s 1 jedinkom koju također nismo uspjeli identificirati.
Na kraju istraživanja ustanovili smo da se porodice i vrste razlikuju i po brojnosti i po raznolikosti vrsta kako između oba proučavana područja tako i između samih mjeseci na istom području. Razlike su nastale zbog utjecaja temperature zraka, vlažnosti zraka i oborina na navedenim lokacijama te zbog različitosti okoliša. Dodatni faktor koji je utjecao na njihovu međusobnu brojnost i raznolikost krije se u činjenici da su ta dva područja sama po sebi različita. Lokacija u gradu Splitu nalazi se u blizini brze ceste s malim brojem stabala, dok s druge strane područje omiške lokacije bogato je borovom šumom te ga karakterizira netaknuta priroda i poprilična udaljenost od civilizacije.Entomology is the science that studies insects and forensic entomology examines insects found on dead bodies. Accurate identification of fly species is an important step in forensic entomology, given the fact that an insect collected on a carcass can provide useful information for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) i.e. estimating the time when death most likely occurred.
The objectives of this master thesis are to collect, identify and determine the number and diversity of carnivorous species of flies and compare them between two cities – Split and Omiš. Also, the goal was to establish the influence of temperature, humidity and precipitation on the differences in the number and diversity of species.
The protein trap for catching flies was made out of a plastic bottle with a hole cut in the middle through which the flies would enter, and at the bottom of the bottle we poured 70% alcohol. At the top of the cap on the inside of the bottle we hung the bait, fresh meat (chicken liver), and as such we hungit with a rope for a tree branch. The survey lasted three months (April, May and June), during three days and five weeks apart. Using the protein trap, a total of 366 individuals belonging to the order Diptera were collected, later identified in five families and nine species. The most numerous family was Calliphoridae (buzzard flies) with 6 identified different species, while the second most numerous was Psychodidae, whose species could not be identified, the third was Sarcophagidae (butcher flies) with 3 different species, followed by Anthomyidae with 2 and Phoridae with 1 unit that we also failed to identify.
At the end of the research, we found that families and species differ in both number and diversity of species, inluding between the two studied areas and between the months in the same area. The differences are due to the influence of air temperature, humidity and precipitation in these locations and due to the diversity of the environment. Moreover, an additional factor that influenced their mutual number and diversity lies in the fact that the two areas are different per se. The location in the city of Split is located near the highway with a small number of trees, while on the other hand the area of location in Omiš is rich in pine forests and is characterized by untouched nature and considerable distance from civilization
The Effects of Globalization on Entrepreneurial Revitalization of Main Urban Areas - Case of Croatia
No full textThe paper argues how the sustainable development of entrepreneurship in urban areas is based on four cornerstones: corruption, size of urban areas, industrial structure and cultural biases. Corruption is a significant social and economic issue that has crippling effect for entrepreneurship. Further on, the superiority of larger cities in generating advanced economies has been recognized since the time of the ancient Greek and medieval Italian city-states, however it is not clear if the same is applicable today as well. Third cornerstone of entrepreneurial development in main urban areas is the industrial structure of these areas. Lastly, the values that drive entrepreneurial action and form entrepreneurial environments are embedded in wider national culture.
The aim of the paper is to investigate and describe pivotal influences on entrepreneurial activity as an impetus of sustainable economic development in globalized environment of transition economy urban areas.
The four factors that influence the level of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in urban areas: level of perceived corruption, size of urban areas, industrial structure and cultural biases are described as well as the correlation between level of entrepreneurial activity and each of these crucial elements of urban revitalization.
By examining antecedents and consequences of economic and social circumstances that define environment for fostering entrepreneurial activity in main urban areas in Croatia the paper provides comprehensive tool for strategy development that can be used by policy makers and entrepreneurs alike
The Orthodoxy before Contemporary Environmental Challenges with Special Emphasis on the Ecumenical Dialogue with the Catholic Church
No full textIako pravoslavna teologija ima dugu i bogatu tradiciju, u njezinoj daljoj povijesti nije zabilježen značajniji interes za ekološku problematiku. Naime ekološku zauzetost nalazimo u promišljanjima nekolicine pravoslavnih filozofa i teologa tek posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća. Njihova nastojanja temelje se na teologiji stvaranja, asketskoj praksi i bogatoj istočnoj liturgiji. U pravoslavnoj teologiji posebno mjesto zauzima Ioannis Zizioulas, dok je nemali doprinos i Amvrosija Ermakova te Elizabeth Theokritoff i drugih. Ipak, zamah u širenju ekološko-teološkoga horizonta radi suzbijanja daljnjih ekoloških ugroza i problema dogodio se, u novije vrijeme, i zbog dijaloške otvorenosti ekumenskoga patrijarha Bartolomeja i pape Franje, koji su u ekologiji prepoznali velik izazov za ekumenizam.Although Orthodox theology has a long and rich tradition, there has been no significant interest in environmental issues recorded in its long history. Namely, it is only in the last few decades that we find environmental preoccupation in the reflections of several Orthodox philosophers and theologians. Their efforts are based on the theology of creation, the ascetic practice, and rich Eastern liturgy. Most notable in Orthodox theology is Ioannis Zizioulas, while significant contributions were also made by Amvrosij Ermakov and Elizabeth Theokritoff, and others. However, there has been a new momentum in expanding the ecological-theological horizon to combat further ecological threats and problems prompted by the dialogical openness of Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and Pope Francis, who recognized ecology as a great challenge for ecumenism
Legal Aspects of the Refusal of Medical Treatment
No full textOpćeprihvaćen stav da sloboda pacijentove volje ima prevlast nad medicinskim razlozima, ipak, nije apsolutan jer se u novije vrijeme smatra da je načelo apsolutne prednosti prava na samoodređenje što se tiče života, tijela i zdravlja potrebno ograničiti. U radu se prikazuju međunarodni i domaći pravni okviri za pravo na odbijanje dijagnostičkog/terapijskog postupka te u kojim je slučajevima i pod kojim uvjetima to pravo ograničeno. Posebno se analizira postupanje liječnika i drugih zdravstvenih radnika te rješenje pitanja krše li oni prihvaćanjem odbijanja pravnu normu i pravila svoje struke ili postoji njihova obveza na neodgodivu intervenciju čije bi nepoduzimanje ugrozilo život i zdravlje ili izazvalo trajna oštećenja pacijentova zdravlja. Autorica obrađuje i pravne aspekte složene problematike odbijanja liječenja kod određenih kategorija vulnerabilnih osoba, djece, osoba s duševnim smetnjama, u odlukama o okončanju života umirućih bolesnika te štrajka glađu zatvorenika. U radu se naglašava da konflikt između prava na odbijanje medicinskog tretmana i interesa države za očuvanje života i zdravlja može otvoriti pitanja različitih vrsta odgovornosti zdravstvenih radnika, od nesavjesnog liječenja ili nepružanja hitne medicinske pomoći do odštetne i/ili disciplinske odgovornosti. Autorica posebno ističe neusklađenu i nejasnu pravnu regulativu koja dovodi zdravstvene radnike do njihove pravne nesigurnosti zbog dileme kojem propisu u praksi dati prednost.It is generally accepted that the free will of the patient prevails over medical reasons, but this is neither absolute nor should be unconditionally accepted. The paper presents the international and domestic legal frameworks for the right to refuse treatment, and discusses cases and conditions in which this right can be limited. In particular, the behaviour of physicians and other healthcare professionals is analysed, as well as the answer to the question of whether they violate the legal norm and rules of their profession by accepting a patient’s refusal, or whether they breach their obligation to undertake emergency intervention. The author also deals with the legal aspects of the complex issue of refusing to treat certain categories of vulnerable people, such as children, people with mental disorders, dying patients in decisions to end their lives and prisoners on a hunger strike. The paper points out that the conflict between the right to refuse treatment and the state's interest in preserving life and health can raise issues of various types of liability of healthcare workers, from negligent treatment and failure to render medical aid in an emergency, to compensation and/or disciplinary liability. The author focuses especially on inconsistent and unclear legal regulations that can result in legal uncertainty due to the dilemma on the part of healthcare workers over which regulation should be given priority in practice