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The criminal offense of fraud with special reference to the area of the Split- Dalmatia Police Department
No full textKaznena djela prijevare predstavljaju oblik kriminalne aktivnosti koji uključuje namjerno
obmanjivanje ili zavaravanje u cilju pribavljanja imovinske koristi. Ovaj diplomski rad naziva
„Kazneno djelo prijevare s posebnim osvrtom na područje PU splitsko-dalmatinske“ ima za
cilj analizirati situaciju kaznenih djela prijevare na području Policijske uprave splitskodalmatinske.
Osim toga, radom je obuhvaćena analiza kaznenog djela prijevare u Republici
Hrvatskoj U Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji, kao i diljem Hrvatske, kaznena djela prijevare
predstavljaju ozbiljan problem. Ona ugrožavaju sigurnost građana i imaju utjecaj na
gospodarstvo, što zahtijeva provođenje aktivnih preventivnih mjera i učinkovito suzbijanje.
Stoga je ovim radom posebna pažnja posvećena preventivnim mjerama kako bi se shvatila
ozbiljnost situacije uzrokovana kaznenim djelom prijevare.Criminal offenses of fraud encompass various illegal activities characterized by intentional
deception or misleading tactics in order to obtain a financial benefit. This diploma thesis
entitled " The criminal offense of fraud with a specific focus on the Split-Dalmatia County"
aims to analyze the situation of criminal offenses of fraud in the area of the Split-Dalmatia
County. In addition, the work includes an analysis of the criminal offense of fraud in the
Republic of Croatia. In the Split-Dalmatia County, as well as throughout Croatia, criminal
offenses represent a serious problem. They threaten the safety of cit izens and have an impact
on the economy, which requires the implementation of active preventive measures and
effective suppression. Therefore, in this work, special attention is paid to preventive measures
in order to understand the seriousness of the situation caused by the crime of fraud
Psychological warfare - impact on public knowledge of the Republic of Croatia
No full textJavno znanje nije korpus nuţno istinitog i objektivnog znanja. Ono je znanje dostupno svima, zbog ĉega je podloţno mnogim utjecajima. Tako javno znanje ima vrijednost i objektivnost, odnosno relevantnost vrlo upitne vjerodostojnosti. Kao takvo nije nuţno objektivno i istinito jer na njega izravno utjeĉu ine informacijske operacije, a poglavito psihološko ratovanje kojim se plasiraju obavijesti, ali i protuobavijesti. Djelovanja i utjecaji isprepliću na globalnim, regionalnim, nacionalnim i lokalnim razinama te se dalje plasiraju u javnost. Podruĉje Republike Hrvatske kontinuirano je pod utjecajem inih naruĉitelja, kako domaćih, tako i stranih, kako gospodarskih, tako i politiĉkih, društvenih te vjerskih, koji gotovo svakodnevno utjeĉu na oblikovanje javnog znanja.Public knowledge does not comprise an inherently objective and universally valid body of knowledge. Rather, It denotes a form of knowledge that is accessible to everyone, thereby susceptible to diverse influences. Levels of objectivity and relevance, as well as its core value, are of questionable credibility. As such, public knowledge can not be deemed entirely objective and accurate, as it remains vulnerable to the direct manipulation of information operations, particularly through the implementation of psychological warfare tactics for disseminating and countering notifications. Actions and influences intertwine at global, regional, national and local levels and are subsequently disseminated to the public. The territory of the Republic of Croatia remains consistently influenced by various authorities, both domestic and foreign, both economic and political, both social and religious, which have an almost daily impact on shaping public knowledge
WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE RISK-ADJUSTED RETURNS OF CROATIAN LIFE INSURERS?
No full textPurpose: When conducting their business, insurers face various risks that are controlled for in order to mitigate them and protect the insured, inter alia. Moreover, being aware of the factors that determine the reward-to-risk ratio for insurers is also of crucial importance. Thus, the aim of this research is to identify potential factors that influence risk-adjusted returns of life insurance companies.
Methodology: The analysis is conducted on a sample of life insurers that operated in Croatia in the period from 2016 to 2020. For this purpose, risk-adjusted ROA, i.e. the Sharpe ratio, is used as a risk-adjusted return measure, while independent variables encompass several insurance firm-oriented and insurance industry-specific variables, as well as variables depicting the level of macroeconomic development, stock market, bond market and institutional development. Results: After conducting dynamic panel analysis, the obtained results suggest that the premium growth rate, asset-based size, the net premium to surplus ratio, i.e. leverage, as well as bond market development are significant factors when determining risk-adjusted returns.
Conclusion: Risk-adjusted returns are determined by insurance firm-oriented factors which are important not only to investors but also to insurance market regulators and insurance firm managers
Are insolvency proceedings opened too late? The case of Germany, Croatia and Slovakia
No full textPurpose: The aim was to analyze insolvency proceedings in Germany, Croatia and Slovakia and answer the research question whether insolvency proceedings are opened too late in the observed countries and how this issue can be explained.
Methodology: Comparative analysis of insolvency systems in Germany, Croatia, and Slovakia was conducted. Furthermore, the financial profile (liquidity) of firms in pre-insolvency and insolvency proceedings in Germany, Slovakia and Croatia was analyzed and respective results were compared with data on government effectiveness and the rule of law in the observed countries. The one-way ANOVA was performed to test the differences in liquidity among companies that initiated pre-insolvency and insolvency proceedings.
Results: The results indicate that German companies respond to signs of crises earlier in comparison to Croatian and Slovakian companies and these differences cannot be explained only by criminal law measures which are not equally effective across jurisdictions, but they depend to a large extent on government effectiveness and the rule of law in a country.
Conclusion: The results show that despite the similarities in the civil law frameworks, insolvency proceedings in Croatia and Slovakia are still initiated on average much later than in Germany. Moreover, according to the results, criminal law sanctions against the late initiation of insolvency proceedings can have preventive effects. However, while they can increase the number of timely insolvency proceedings, their effectiveness is still limited by the efficiency of the judicial system measured by the strength of institutions and their consistent application
Security structure of chat applications
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je staviti u fokus strukturu i mogućnosti sigurnosnih sustava aplikacija WhatsApp, Telegram i Signal uz praktičnu analizu i prikaz navedenog korištenjem naprednih softverskih rješenja za forenziku mobilnih uređaja.
Metoda korištena za analizu problematike sigurnosti mobilnih uređaja je napredno softversko rješenje Oxygen Forensic Detective.
Rezultati dobiveni postupcima forenzike mobilnih uređaja su razlike u stupnju sigurnosti, sigurnosnim protokolima i razinama enkripcije komunikacije među chat aplikacijama Telegram, WhatsApp i Signal.
Zaključak istraživanja potvrđuje hipotezu da mobilne chat aplikacije predstavljaju globalno najviše korišten alat komunikacije među korisnicima. Razmjena informacija preko pametnih telefona predstavlja standard u privatnoj i poslovnoj komunikaciji. Chat aplikacije su svoju široku primjenu stekle zahvaljujući jednostavnosti korištenja i brzini izmjene podataka. Međutim, ono što zabrinjava jest koliko razmijenjene poruke i podaci ostaju privatni te nedostupni trećim stranama.The aim of this thesis is to focus on the structure and capabilities of the security systems of the WhatsApp, Telegram and Signal applications with a practical analysis and presentation of the above using advanced software solutions for mobile device forensics.
The method used to analyze the security issues of mobile devices is the advanced software solution Oxygen Forensic Detective.
The results obtained from the mobile device forensics procedures are the differences in the level of security, security protocols and communication encryption levels among chat applications Telegram, WhatsApp and Signal.
The conclusion of the research confirms the hypothesis that mobile chat applications represent the most used global communication tool among users. The exchange of information via smartphones is a standard in private and business communication. Chat applications have become widely used thanks to ease of use and speed of data exchange. However, what is worrying is how much the exchanged messages and data remain private and inaccessible to third parties
Corruption and economy in the European Union
No full textKorupcija predstavlja zlouporabu ovlasti i položaja u svrhu stjecanja osobne koristi, a dolazi u različitim vrstama i pojavnim oblicima. Korupcija ima duboke korijene, često ju je teško otkriti, a ima izrazito negativne posljedice na ekonomski rast, zapošljavanje, produktivnost privatnog sektora, dug opće države, ulaganja i inflaciju. Suzbijanje korupcije je veliki izazov, posebno u zemljama bivšeg komunističkog režima koje općenito imaju višu korupciju u odnosu na ostatak zemalja članica EU-a. Najčešće je u pitanju loša provedba zakona. Razmatrajući kretanje indeksa percepcije korupcije u zemljama EU-a u posljednjem desetljeću utvrđeno je kako je došlo do različitih promjena. Prosječni IPK za EU-27 blago je povećan, međutim, došlo je do općenitog smanjenja indeksa percepcije korupcije kod zemalja s najnižom korupcijom, dok su se, s druge strane, povećali IPK indeksi kod zemalja s najvišom korupcijom. Provedenim istraživanjem pokazalo se da je niža razina korupcije u zemljama EU-a u slaboj korelacijskoj vezi s višom razinom BDP-a. S druge strane, utvrđena je neznatna povezanost niže razine korupcije s nižom inflacijom. Kako bi se korupcija dodatno smanjila i samim time imala manje štetne učinke na ekonomski rast važno je postojanje kvalitetnog zakonodavnog okvira i strateških dokumenata te kontinuirano razvijanje novih mehanizama suzbijanja korupcije jer kako se razvijaju novi načini sprječavanja koruptivnih radnji istodobno počinitelji razvijaju i nove načine njihove provedbe.Corruption is the abuse of power and position for personal gain, and it comes in different types and forms. Corruption has deep roots, it is often difficult to detect it, and it has extremely negative consequences on economic growth, employment, productivity of the private sector, general general state, investment and inflation. Suppression of corruption is a great challenge, especially in the countries of the former communist regime that generally have higher corruption than the rest of EU member states. The most common is the poor implementation of the law. Considering the movement of an index of corruption perception in EU countries in the last decade, it has been determined that there have been various changes. The average IPK for the EU-27 is slightly increased, however, there has been a general decrease in the perception of corruption index in countries with the lowest corruption, while, on the other hand, IPK indexes in countries with the highest corruption. The conducted survey showed that the lower level of corruption in EU countries in poor correlacy relationships with a higher GDP level. On the other hand, a slight connection between lower corruption with lower inflation was determined. In order to further reduce corruption and thus has less harmful effects on economic growth, the existence of quality legislative framework and strategic documents, and continuously developing new mechanisms of corruption suppressing as new ways to prevent corrupt actions develop at the same time, develop new ways of their implementation
Development of a threat assessment and safety protection plan for the onshore gas network operator
No full textoai:repozitorij.forenzika.unist.hr:forenzikast_235Dostupnost plina na europskom tržištu, niska cijena i čistoća plina kao energenta utjecalo je na
sve veće korištenje u industriji zemalja Europe krajem 20. stoljeća. Plinski cjevovodi od Rusije
prema Europi intenzivno su se gradili i produživali. Iako Rusija nije jedini proizvođač plina u
Europi ona je zbog dobrih odnosa s vladam članica zemlja EU i cijenom plina zauzela mjesto
glavnog dobavljača. Rastom potreba za plinom početkom 21. stoljeća rasla je i ovisnost članica
EU o ruskom plinu. Teroristički napadi u svijetu na gospodarske objekte, prometnu i energetsku
infrastrukturu utjecali su na promjenu sadržaja koncepta nacionalne sigurnosti početkom 21.
stoljeću. Energetska sigurnost postaje dijelom koncepta nacionalne sigurnost i uglavnom je
definirana kroz zadovoljenje potreba kupaca na nacionalnom tržištu. Nakon ruske aneksije
Krima i uvođenja sankcija EU Rusiji sadržaj koncepta energetske sigurnosti u potpunosti se
mijenja, jer je plin postao instrument vanjske politike kojeg je Rusija počela koristiti za
ostvarenje svojih političkih ciljeva. EU donosi novo zakonodavstvo kojem postavlja zahtjeve
pred zemlje članice da procjene rizike koji ugrožavaju sigurnost plinske mreže i rad operatera
plinske kopnene mreže.
Cilj: Istražiti aspekte i procjenu sigurnosti plinske mreže u EU, vrste, prirodu i ozbiljnost rizika
u opskrbi, transportu i poslovanju operatora plinske kopnene mreže, zatim prikazati izradu
plana sigurnosne zaštite operatera kopnene plinske mreže i mjera kojima će procijenjeni rizici
biti izbjegavani, transferirani ili reducirani.
Metoda: Za utvrđivanje rizika plinske mreže u EU korištena je metoda analize i sinteze.
Metodom analize izdvojeni aspekti rizika raščlanjeni su na elemente kako bi se utvrdilo kako
utječu na sigurnost plinske mreže. Dobivene spoznaje metodom sinteze spojene su na novi
način i njihovo spajanje omogućilo je novi pogled na sigurnost i rizike. Metoda dedukcije
omogućila je posredno logičko zaključivanje o utvrđenim rizicima odnosno izvlačenje
specifičnih zaključaka o načinu djelovanja na utvrđene rizike odnosno kako ih izbjeći,
transferirati ili reducirati i osigurati sigurnost opskrbe plinom.
Rezultat: Istraživanje je pokazalo da najveći rizici u opskrbi plinom proizlaze od jednog
dobavljača, zaposlenika operatera i cyber prijetnji. Utvrđene rizike provođenjem mjera koje su
postavljene u planu sigurnosne zaštite operatora može se izbjeći, transferirati i reducirati na
prihvatljivu razinu. Rizik od jednog dobavljača može se izbjeći diverzifikacijom opskrbe, a
rizik od zaposlenika i cyber prijatni može se izbjeći i reducirati obukom i uvođenjem
učinkovitijih sigurnosnih protokola i kontrola.
Zaključak: Procjena rizika koji ugrožavaju sigurnost plinske mreže i rad operatera plinske
kopnene mreže omogućila je identificiranje rizika, izradu plana sigurnosti i akcijskog plana i
podizanje razine sigurnosti opskrbe plinom na višu razinu za slučaj iznenadnog prekida
isporuke plina iz Rusije. Iznenadni prekid opskrbe bez izrade novog plana sigurnosti i akcijskog
plana stvorio bi negativne učinke na gospodarstvo EU, poslovanje operatora, opskrbu
kućanstava i kvalitetu života svih građana.The availability of gas on the European market, the low price and purity of gas as an energy
source influenced its increasing use in the industry of European countries at the end of the 20th
century. Gas pipelines from Russia to Europe were intensively built and extended. Although
Russia is not the only gas producer in Europe, due to good relations with European Unions
Member States and the price of gas, it has taken the place of the main supplier. With the
increased demand of gas at the beginning of the 21st century, the dependence of EU Member
States on Russian gas increased. Terrorist attacks in the world on economic facilities, transport
and energy infrastructure had impact on the change in the content of the concept of national
security at the beginning of the 21st century. Energy security becomes part of the concept of
national security and is mainly defined by meeting the needs of customers on the national
market. After the Russian annexation of Crimea and the introduction of EU sanctions against
Russia, the content of the concept of energy security is completely changing, because gas has
become an instrument of foreign policy that Russia has begun to use to achieve its political
goals. The European Union is passing new legislation that requires Member States to assess the
risks that threaten the safety of the gas network and the work of operators of the onshore gas
network.
The aim: Investigation of the aspects and assessment of the security of the gas network in the
European Union, the types, nature, and severity of the risks in supply, transport and operations
of the onshore gas network operator, subsequently to present the preparation of the security
protection plan of the onshore gas network operators and the measures by which the estimated
risks will be avoided, transferred or reduced.
The method: To determine the risk of the gas network in the European Union, the method of
analysis and synthesis was used. The risk aspects identified by the analysis method are broken
down into elements to determine how they affect the safety of the gas network. The knowledge
gained through the synthesis method was combined in a new way and their combination enabled
a new view of security and risks. The deduction method made it possible to make indirect
logical conclusion about the identified risks, that is, to draw specific conclusions about how to
act on the identified risks, or how to avoid, transfer or reduce them and ensure the security of
the gas supply.
The result: The research has shown that the biggest risks in gas supply come from single
supplier, operator employees and cyber threats. Identified risks can be avoided, transferred and
reduced to an acceptable level by implementing the set measures in the operator’s safety
protection plan.
Single supplier risk can be avoided by diversifying supply, and employee and cyber risks can
be avoided and reduced by training and implementing more effective security protocols and
controls.
The conclusion: The assessment of risks that threaten the safety of the gas network and the
work of the onshore gas network operator enabled the identification of risk, drawing up a
security plan and an action plan, and raising the level of security of gas supply to a higher level
in case of a sudden interruption of gas supply from Russia. A sudden interruption of supply
without creating a new security plan and action plan would create negative effects on the EU
economy, operators’ business, the supply of households and the quality of life of all citizens
Crisis management and national security
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ponuditi teorijska saznanja, pregledom relevantnih istraživanja o
krizama i njihovom utjecaju na nacionalnu sigurnost. Pred kreatorima politika je mnogo izazova
u izradi kvalitetnih programa nacionalne sigurnosti kako bi države i društva bili što otporniji na
krize. Odgovarajuća razina pripremljenosti za potres od strane operatera kritične infrastrukture
može se uspostaviti samo nakon sveobuhvatne procjene rizika. Svaka rasprava o zaštiti od
potresa mora pokušati identificirati distribuciju ranjivosti u bilo kojem društvu i regiji svijeta.
Ranjivost na potrese u velikoj mjeri koncentrirana u siromašnijim zemljama u razvoju svijeta.
U takvim zemljama rijetko ima smisla pokušati provesti zaštitu od potresa kao aktivnost
odvojenu od ostalih mjera za poboljšanje općih uvjeta života ekonomski najranjivijih skupina.
Isto tako, postoje dokazi da čak i u najbogatijim zemljama postoji značajna ugroženost od
potresa među najsiromašnijim članovima društva, koji su prisiljeni živjeti u starim i slabim
građevinama jer im je to jedini smještaj koji si mogu priuštiti. Metode nadogradnje ovih zgrada
postaju dostupne i bolje razumljive.The goal of this research was to offer theoretical knowledge by reviewing relevant research on
crises and their impact on national security. Policymakers face many challenges in creating
quality national security programs in order to make states and societies as resilient as possible
to crises. An appropriate level of earthquake preparedness by critical infrastructure operators
can only be established after a comprehensive risk assessment. Any discussion of earthquake
protection must attempt to identify the distribution of vulnerability in any given society and
region of the world. Vulnerability to earthquakes is largely concentrated in the poorer
developing countries of the world. In such countries, it rarely makes sense to try to implement
earthquake protection as an activity separate from other measures to improve the general living
conditions of the most economically vulnerable groups. Likewise, there is evidence that even
in the richest countries there is significant earthquake vulnerability among the poorest members
of society, who are forced to live in old and flimsy buildings because it is the only
accommodation they can afford. Methods of upgrading these buildings are becoming available
and better understood
Forensic approach in dealing with wrecks
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu naslova: „Forenzični pristup postupanja s podrtinama“ pod ciljem istraživanja podrazumijevalo se razviti prikaz načina postupanja s podrtinama s polazišta sigurnosti kao i spoznaja relevantnih informacija. U ovom radu su se koristile različite znanstveno istraživačke metode. Analizirali su se javno dostupni izvori i raspoloživa literatura. Svakako da je potrebno naglasiti da se u određenoj mjeri koristio forenzički pristup istraživanoj problematici. Rezultati istraživanja u ovom diplomskom radu temeljeni na proučavanoj regulativi kao i na citiranim radovima drugih autora upućuju da podrtine predstavljaju opasnost za sigurnost plovidbe, posebno za plovidbe kritičnim dubinama. U forenzičnom pristupu problemu s podrtinama bitnim rezultatom može se smatrati mogućnost korištenja u radu opisanih izvora podataka ili spoznaja relevantnih informacija u povezanosti s problematikom podrtina. Također rezultati u istraživanju upućuju na zaključak u smislu opravdane pretpostavke da se problemi s podrtinama mogu djelomice umanjiti. To smanjenje moglo bi biti rezultat poboljšanja protokola u vezi postupanja s podrtinama. Stoga u budućim istraživanjima treba razmotriti mogućnosti upotrebe AI-a, odnosno umjetne inteligencije, slijedeći pravnu regulativu i preporuke u vezi primjene iste.In this master's thesis titled "Forensic Approach in Dealing with Wrecks" the aim of the research was to develop a presentation of the approach to handling wrecks based on safety considerations and the acquisition of relevant information. Various scientific research methods were used in this study. Publicly available sources and literature were analyzed. It should be noted that a forensic approach to the investigated problem was utilized to some extent. The research findings in this master's thesis, based on the examined regulations and the cited works of other authors, indicate that debris poses a threat to navigation safety, especially in critical depths. In the forensic approach to the debris problem, a significant result can be considered the ability to use the described data sources or knowledge of relevant information in relation to the wreck issue. Furthermore, the research results suggest a conclusion regarding the justified assumption that wrecks problems can be partially mitigated. This reduction could result from improving protocols related to handling wrecks. Therefore, future research should consider the possibilities of using AI, or artificial intelligence, following legal regulations and recommendations regarding its implementation
Protection of intellectual property by secrecy
No full textDa bi se napredovalo kroz vrijeme potrebno je da smisliti nešto što već nije viđeno,
nešto što je drugačije od postojećeg, nešto što će olakšati svakodnevnicu. Kako u Hrvatskoj
tako i diljem svijeta izum povećava konkuretnost, a time se povećava i problem zaštite
njihovog izuma. Na teritoriju Republike Hrvatske, otkada je stupio na snagu Zakon o patentu,
moguća je zaštita oblika intelektualnog vlasništva što je uvelike od pomoći novim
izumiteljima. Zaštita intelektualnog vlasništva može se ostvariti samo za poslovanje koje ima
komercijalnu vrijednost. Izumitelji biraju svoj oblik zaštite koji naravno ima svoje prednosti,
ali i nedostatke. Jedni od najpoznatijih oblika zaštite su patentom i poslovnom tajnom. Kao
dio intelektualnog vlasništva poslovna tajna mora zadržati stupanj tajnosti te ne smije biti
dostupna javnosti. Poslovna tajna povećava vrijednost poslovanja te postaje važan instrument
za inovativnost u poslovanju. Razina zaštite poslovne tajne niža je nego kod patenta. Patent je
pravo intelektualnog vlasništva za zaštitu proizvoda kojeg karakterizira dugotrajnost te u
konačnici sigurnost i mogućnost usavršavanja.In order to progress through time, it is necessary to come up with something that has not
been seen before, something that is different from the existing one, something that will make
everyday life easier. Both in Croatia and around the world, the invention increases competitiveness,
and thus the problem of protecting their invention increases. On the territory of the
Republic of Croatia, since the Patent Law came into force, it is possible to protect forms of intellectual
property, which is of great help to new inventors. Intellectual property protection
can only be achieved for business that has commercial value. One of the most well-known
forms of protection are patents and trade secrets. As part of intellectual property, a trade secret
must maintain a level of secrecy and must not be available to the public. A trade secret increases
the value of business and becomes an important instrument for innovation in business.
The level of trade secret protection is lower than that of a patent. A patent is an intellectual
property right to protect a product that is characterized by durability and, ultimately, safety
and the possibility of improvement