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COST MANAGEMENT IN PRODUCTION FOR THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
No full textPandemija COVID-19 značajno je utjecala na proizvodne lance i potražnju, prisilivši poduzeća na prilagodbu poslovanja epidemiološkim mjerama. Mnoge organizacije zbog zabrane okupljanja većeg broja ljudi s ciljem smanjenja širenja zaraze, preusmjerile su se na automatizaciju u proizvodnji. Prekidi u proizvodnim lancima, uzrokovani zatvaranjem granica, dodatno su otežali poslovanje. Povećana potražnja za određenim proizvodima, uz istovremeni manjak tih proizvoda, rezultirala je inflacijskim pritiscima, što je dovelo do porasta cijena sirovina, materijala i ostalih ulaznih troškova . Stoga su poduzeća svoj fokus usmjerila na upravljanje troškovima. Uspješno upravljanje troškovima ključno je za bolju konkurentnost na tržištu. Ono vodi povećanju profitabilnosti organizacije, kroz niže troškove, većoj prilagodljivosti, boljim investicijama i naposljetku nižoj cijeni proizvoda za kupce.The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted supply chains and demand, forcing businesses to adapt their operations to comply with epidemiological measures. Many organizations, due to restrictions on gatherings to curb the spread of the virus, shifted towards automation in production. Disruptions in supply chains caused by border closures further complicated operations. Increased demand for certain products, coupled with their shortages, resulted in inflation, leading to rising costs of raw materials, supplies, and other input expenses. As a result, companies shifted their focus to cost management. Effective cost management is crucial for improving competitiveness in the market. It enhances an organization's profitability by reducing costs, increasing adaptability, enabling better investments, and ultimately offering lower product prices to customers
HARMONIC DISTORTION AND MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu obrađena je tema utjecaja različitih električnih trošila na kvalitetu i učinkovitost elektroenergetskog sustava, s naglaskom na mjerenje harmoničkog izobličenja struje i komponenti snage. Ponašanje trošila u mreži značajno utječe na dimenzioniranje instalacije, osobito vodiča i zaštitnih elemenata, kao i na ukupnu pouzdanost i cijenu sustava. Posebna pažnja posvećena je usporedbi linearnog i nelinearnog opterećenja, pri čemu je analiziran slučaj elektromotora spojenog direktno na mrežu te upravljanog preko frekvencijskog pretvarača bez korekcije faktora snage. U potonjem slučaju dolazi do pojave harmoničkih izobličenja koja mogu negativno utjecati na veličinu prividne snage i učinkovitost sustava. U radu je opisana metoda mjerenja harmoničkog izobličenja i snage trošila korištenjem mikrokontrolera i lako dostupnih komponenti otvorenog koda. Također su prikazani rezultati simulacija i praktičnih mjerenja, uz vizualizaciju podataka putem web sučelja. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju učinkovitost predložene metode u stvarnim uvjetima rada.This master’s thesis addresses the influence of various electrical loads on the quality and efficiency of power systems, with a focus on measuring current harmonic distortion and power components. Load behavior within the network significantly affects system design, including conductor sizing and protective devices, and has a direct impact on system reliability and overall cost. Special emphasis is placed on the comparison between linear and nonlinear loads, exemplified by an electric motor connected directly to the grid versus one controlled by a variable frequency drive without power factor correction. The latter introduces harmonic distortion into the current waveform, which affects the apparent power and overall performance of the electrical installation. The thesis presents a measurement method using a microcontroller and readily available opensource components. Both simulation results and real-world measurements are provided, with data visualization through a web-based interface. The results confirm the practical applicability and reliability of the proposed solution under real operating conditions
CREATING A WEB APPLICATION FOR MUSIC STREAMING USNIG REACT TECHNOLOGY
No full textOvaj rad pruža detaljan prikaz procesa razvoja web aplikacije za slušanje glazbe, koja omogućuje korisnicima pretraživanje i izvođenje glazbe na temelju različitih kriterija, poput naziva pjesme ili izvođača. Cilj projekta bio je stvoriti intuitivnu i lako upotrebljivu platformu prilagođenu potrebama kako registriranih, tako i neregistriranih korisnika. Neregistrirani korisnici imaju mogućnost registracije kako bi pristupili dodatnim funkcionalnostima, dok registrirani korisnici mogu obavljati prijavu i odjavu, slušati glazbu, označavati omiljene pjesme, uređivati svoj profil, kreirati i uređivati vlastite popise za izvođenje. Posebnu vrijednost aplikaciji daje administratorski panel, koji administratorima omogućava upravljanje korisnicima, ažuriranje podataka i dodavanje novog sadržaja, čime se osigurava kontinuirano ažuriranje i kvaliteta ponude. Tehnološka arhitektura aplikacije temelji se na modernim web tehnologijama. Za razvoj korisničkog sučelja korišten je React, dok su za implementaciju poslužiteljskog dijela korišteni Node.js i Express. Za pohranu podataka odabrane su baze podataka MongoDB i Firebase, koje osiguravaju sigurno i učinkovito upravljanje podacima.This paper provides a detailed overview of the development process for a music listening web application, which allows users to search for and play music based on various criteria, such as song titles or artists. The goal of the project was to create an intuitive and user-friendly platform tailored to the needs of both registered and unregistered users. Unregistered users have the option to register to gain access to additional features, while registered users can log in and out, listen to music, mark favorite songs, create and edit their own playlists, and add new songs to existing playlists. A special value of the application lies in the admin panel, which enables administrators to manage users, update data, and add new content, ensuring continuous updates and quality offerings. The technological architecture of the application is based on modern web technologies. React was used for developing the user interface, while Node.js and Express were employed for implementing back-end logic. For data storage, MongoDB and Firebase were chosen, providing secure and efficient data management
DEVELOPMENT OF AN SFTP MANAGER APPLICATION FOR REMOTE FILE MANAGEMENT ON LINUX SYSTEMS
No full textU ovom radu opisan je razvoj aplikacije SFTP manager za daljinsko upravljanje datotekama na Linux sustavima. Aplikacija koristi višedretveni (engl. multi-threaded) sustav, gdje se svaka operacija izvršava u zasebnoj dretvi (engl. thread), a višak zadataka smješta se u red čekanja dok se ne oslobodi dretva. Korisničko sučelje temelji se na podijeljenom prikazu (engl. split view), s podrškom za funkcionalnost povuci i ispusti (engl. drag and drop). Korisnik može pregledavati lokalne i udaljene (engl. remote) direktorije te pratiti status aktivnih operacija, uključujući ime datoteke, putanje, brzinu prijenosa i napredak. Ugrađen je i sustav za zapisivanje događaja (engl. logger) s podrškom za različite razine poruka. Korisnik može u stvarnom vremenu odabrati željenu razinu putem izbornika. Razvoj je proveden u C++ jeziku, uz korištenje programskog okvira Qt (engl. framework) za sučelje i biblioteke libcurl za SFTP komunikaciju.This paper describes the development of an SFTP manager application for remote file management on Linux systems. The application is built as a multi-threaded system, where each operation is executed in a separate thread, and any excess tasks are queued until a thread becomes available. The user interface is based on a split view layout with support for drag and drop functionality. Users can browse both local and remote directories and monitor the status of active operations, including file name, source and destination paths, transfer speed, and progress. An integrated logger system is implemented for detailed event tracking, supporting multiple log levels. The user can change the current log level at runtime via a dropdown menu. The application is developed in the C++ programming language, using the Qt framework for the graphical user interface and the libcurl library for SFTP communication
THE COMPARISON OF THE VALUE ADDED TAX IN CROATIA WITH THE VALUE ADDED TAX IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
No full textPorez na dodanu vrijednost (PDV) jedan je od najvaţnijih poreza koji drţavnom proraĉunu donosi najveću koliĉinu novca zbog toga je vaţno pravilno i detaljno definirati njegove stavke. Jako je bitno istraţivati porezni sustav i njegov ustroj u svojoj zemlji, kao i usporediti ga sa susjednim ili drugim zemljama koje ga primjenjuju radi lakšeg pronalaţenja grešaka i brzog ispravljanja. Taj zakon donosi skladniji ustroj drţave, poduzetnika i krajnjih potrošaĉa. Cilj ovog rada je pribliţiti ljudima kako funkcionira taj porezni sustav kod dvije drţave, a to su Republika Hrvatska i Bosna i Hercegovina. Uvod rada se odnosi na osnovne ciljeve i definicije o PDV-u, te njegov nastanak i daljnji razvoj. Dio nakon toga prikazuju zakonski okvir PDV-a u Republici Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini. Kako je taj porez zakonski definiran, što se oporezuje njime, te tko ulazi u njegove porezne obveznike. Glavni dio rada je usporedba poreznog sustava kroz evidenciju izlaznih i ulaznih raĉuna, te iznos PDV koji se mora platiti. Napravljen je zadatak koji prikazuje koliko PDV-a neki poduzetnik mora platiti u jednoj i u drugoj drţavi za isti trošak prikazanih proizvoda. Na temelju svih informacija, provjera i uraĊenog primjera po uzoru na raĉune iz obje zemlje usporeĊeno je koji je sustav detaljnije napravljen, te koji je bolje primjenjivati. PronaĊene su mnoge prednosti u zakonima, ali ima i mnogo mana koji bi trebalo ispraviti i pronaći bolje rješenje. Glavni cilj je prikazati vaţnost pravilnog ustroja poreznog sustava i koliko zapravo porez i porezni sustav utjeĉe na razvoj drţave i njezinu stabilnost u svim sektorima, jer bez pravilnog i usavršenog sustava drţava ne bi napredovala i ljudi bi bili nezadovoljni.Value added tax is one of the most significant taxes which brings the biggest amount of money. For that reason there is a great significance of correctly defining its units, investigating tax system and system structure in the country, as well as comparing it with other countries for easier error check and correction. It is a law that contributes to a more stable country organization, entrepreneurs and consumers. Main goal of this paper is an explanation about the fuction of that tax system in two countries, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Introduction of the paper well defines main goals and definitions about value added tax, as well as its foundation and later growth. Second part of this paper shows the tax framework on the value added tax in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina; the way this earlier mentioned tax is defined by the law, what could be taxed and what goes on with their taxpayers. The main part of the paper is a comparison of the tax system through record of the ingoing and outgoing reciepts as well as the the amount of VAT that must be charged. In addition to this, there is an example of a task which shows hoe much of VAT some enterpreneur must pay in both countries separately for the same cost of showed products. Based on all of the data, checkings and a task related to the reciepts of both countries, the comparison was made for more structured system and which one is better to use. Many advantages were found in laws, but as well as errors that could be improved. Main goal is to show the importance of right tax system structure and a real picture of how tax and its system affect country development and its overall stability. The reason for this is to show that without right and perfected system the country and community wouldn't function properly
MULTIPLAYER CARD GAME
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada bilo je stvaranje lako proširive igre. Naglasak je bio na modularnosti i stvaranju gradivnih blokova što bi omogučilo daljnje širenje igre novim protivnicima, igračima i napadima. Rad pokazuje spoj kreativnog razmišljanja i vještina potrebnih za iz radu kvalitetnog proizvoda s mogučnošću olakšanog širenja. Za izradu rada bilo je potrebno učenje novih vještina kao što su uzorci dizajna i modularno programiranje. U ovom radu je prikazana izrada modularne igre, povezivanje ljudskih igrača preko mreže te stvaranje pametnih suigrača, tako da se može igrati i samostalno. Igra je izrađena u okruženju za izradu igara Unity (engl. Unity3D game engine) i u programskom jeziku C#. Naziv igre je Catventure, a žanr je kooperativna kartaška igra u kojoj igrači naizmjenično odigraju svoje akcije s ljudskim ili pametnim račpogonski alat Unity, razvojno okruženje, 3D igra, C#, umjetna inteligen cija.unalnim suigračima.The goal of this dissertation was to create an easily expandable game with the focus be ing modularity and creating building blocks for easier expansion of game content, which includes attacks, enemies and players. This dissertation displays the creative thinking re quired to create a modular system and the skills to create it. For the creation of this work, it was neccessary to learn new skills such as modular programming with the help of design patterns. This dissertation presents the creation of a modular game, a way to connect multiple players together over the internet and intelligent bots for solo players. The game was created using the Unity game engine and all scripts were written in C#. The games name is Catven ture and it is a co-operative turn based card gam
ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF HEAT ENERGY RECOVERY
No full textU ovom radu analiziran je učinak povrata toplinske energije preko sustava rekuperatora s pločastim izmjenjivačem i sporo rotirajućim regeneratorom. U uvodnom dijelu teoretski je opisano općenito o sustavima za povrat topline, te su nadalje detaljnije opisani rekuperator i regenerator. U drugom dijelu rada izvršen je proračun gubitaka topline i toplinsko opterećenje prostora prema HRN EN 12831 i VDI 2078 za halu u Splitu. Nadalje je izvršena usporedna analiza ventilacijskih sustava za povrat toplinske energije. U prvom slučaju analiziran je utjecaj rekuperatora na smanjenje potrebne količine energije za održavanje mikroklimatskih uvjeta prostora. U drugom slučaju za istu analizu je korišten regenerator koji ima mogućnost povrata senzibilne i latentne topline za razliku od rekuperatora koji ima mogućnost povrata samo senzibilne energije.In this paper, the effect of heat energy recovery through a recuperator system with a plate heat exchanger and a slowly rotating regenerator is analyzed. In the introductory part, heat recovery systems are theoretically described in general, and the recuperator and regenerator are further described in more detail. In the second part of the work, the calculation of heat losses and the thermal load of the space was performed according to HRN EN 12831 and VDI 2078 for the hall in Split. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of ventilation systems for the recovery of thermal energy was performed. In the first case, the impact of recuperators on the reduction of the required amount of energy to maintain the microclimatic conditions of the space was analyzed. In another case, for the same analysis, a regenerator was used, which has the ability to recover sensible and latent heat, in contrast to the recuperator, which has the ability to recover only sensible energy
IMPACT OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORK AUTOMATION ON REDUCING NETWORK LOSSES
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je analiza utjecaja automatizacije srednjenaponske mreže na smanjenje gubitaka u elektroenergetskom sustavu. Automatizacijom se omogućuje brže otkrivanje i otklanjanje kvarova, optimizacija tokova snage te učinkovitije upravljanje mrežom. U radu se istražuju ključne tehnologije automatizacije, kao što su senzori, komunikacijski sustavi i SCADA platforme, te njihov doprinos smanjenju tehničkih i netehničkih gubitaka. Kroz studiju slučaja prikazuje se konkretna primjena automatizacije i njezin utjecaj na poboljšanje pouzdanosti, sigurnosti i energetske učinkovitosti srednjenaponske mreže.The topic of this thesis is the analysis of the impact of medium-voltage network automation on the reduction of losses in the power system. Automation enables faster fault detection and elimination, optimization of power flows, and more efficient network management. The paper explores key automation technologies, such as sensors, communication systems, and SCADA platforms, and their contribution to reducing technical and non-technical losses. A case study is presented to demonstrate the practical application of automation and its impact on improving the reliability, safety, and energy efficiency of the medium-voltage network
INSURANCE COMPANY ASA CENTRAL D. D.
No full textU sadržaju ovog rada definira se pojam i značenje osiguranja kao poslovne djelatnosti kojom se bave osiguravajuća društva, ali također se pojašnjava osiguranje kao ljudska potreba bez koje suvremeni čovjek ne može osjećati sigurnost. Osiguranje kao ljudska potreba javlja se već u davnim vremenima kroz povijest tisućama godina unazad kada su prve civilizacije nastojale zaštititi svoju imovinu i posjede te se može reći da su se prvi oblici osiguranja pojavili u vremenu prije Krista u starim civilizacijama koje su počele razvijati svijest o rizicima gubitka ili uništenja imovine koju su posjedovali i njome raspolagali. Nadalje se nastoji objasniti i približiti definicija osiguranja, značenje, povijesni razvoj te njegove funkcije i podjela. Temeljne funkcije osiguranja, sudionici na tržištu, podjela istog i drogo, objašnjeni su u nastavku ovog rada. Također će se spomenuti i način funkcioniranja osiguranja u Republici Hrvatskoj s pripadajućim zakonskim okvirima, a budući „Osiguravajuće društvo ASA Central d.d.“, koje je tema ovog rada, posluje u Bosni i Hercegovini, isto tako će se pažnja usmjeriti i na funkcioniranje djelatnosti osiguranja i njegov zakonski okvir u toj zemlji. U fokusu ovog rada je pripajanje dvaju osiguravajućih društava koja su poslovala u potpunosti odvojeno kao pojedinci i ostvarivali solidne rezultate na tržištu osiguranja. Naposljetku je dogovoreno pripajanje tako što Central Osiguranje d.d. postaje dio ASA Grupacije tako što biva pripojeno ASA Osiguranju d.d. te osiguravajuće društvo počinje poslovati pod imenom ASA Central d.d. što u konačnici dovodi do toga da Društvo postaje lider među osiguravajućim društvima na tržištu osiguranja u Bosni i Hercegovini.In this paper's content it attempts to define the concept and meaning of insurance as a business activity carried out by insurance companies, but it also attempts to explain insurance as a human need without which modern man cannot feel secure. Insurance as a human need has been present since ancient times throughout history, thousands of years ago, when the first civilizations sought to protect their property and possessions, and it can be said that the first forms of insurance appeared in the time before Christ in ancient civilizations that began to develop awareness of the risks of loss or destruction of property they owned and had at their disposal. Furthermore, it attempts to explain and bring closer the definition of insurance, its meaning, historical development, and its functions and division. The basic functions of insurance, market participants, its division and sub-division, are explained in the rest of this paper. It will also mention the way insurance functions in the Republic of Croatia with the associated legal framework, and since the "Insurance Company ASA Central d.d.", which is the subject of this paper, operates in Bosnia and Herzegovina, attention will also be focused on the functioning of the insurance industry and its legal framework in that country. Regarding the topic of this paper, the highest attention is focused on the merger of two insurance companies that operated completely separately as individuals and achieved solid results on the insurance market. In the end, the merger was agreed upon by Central Insurance d.d. becomes part of the ASA Group by being merged with ASA Insurance d.d. and the insurance company starts operating under the name ASA Central d.d. which ultimately leads to the Company becoming a leader among insurance companies on the insurance market in Bosnia and Herzegovina
DESIGNING THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SHAFT MANUFACTURING USING CAD/CAM SYSTEM
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu opisan je proces oblikovanja 3D modela osovine uz pomoć „Autodesk Inventor“ računalnog programa. 3D računalni model osovine izrađen je uz pomoć CAD modula računalnog programa te su korištenjem CAM modula odabrane operacije strojne obrade, alati i parametri obrade na osnovi kojih je generiran G-kôd. Razvitkom CAD/CAM tehnologije napredovale su razne industrije (automobilska, zrakoplovna, medicinska...) te je proizvodnja bez njih danas teško zamisliva, stoga je u praktičnom dijelu rada prikazan proces izrade 3D oblikovane osovine u realnim uvjetima rada. Programski kôd generiran je u „MasterCam“ računalnom programu te je dana usporedba s G-kôdom generiranim programom „Autodesk Inventor“. Opisane su karakteristike korištenog CNC stroja te alati korišteni u procesu izrade osovine.This final thesis describes the process of creating 3D model of an axle within the "Autodesk Inventor" software on a computer. The 3D computer model of the axle was created using the CAD module of the computer program, and the CAM module was used to select machining operations, tools and processing parameters on the basis of which the G-code was generated. With the development of CAD/CAM technology, various industries have advanced (automotive, aerospace, medical...) and production without them is difficult to imagine nowadays, therefore, the practical part of the paper shows the process of creating a 3D shaped axle in real working conditions. The program code was generated in the "MasterCam" computer program and a comparison is given with the G-code generated by the "Autodesk Inventor" program. The characteristics of the CNC machine used and the tools used in the process of creating the axle are described