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COMPARISON OF SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS IN WIND POWER PLANTS
No full textOvaj diplomski rad podijeljen je u 6 poglavlja u kojima će se razraditi usporedba sinkronih i asinkronih generatora u vjetroelektranama. Prvo poglavlje čini sami uvod u temu, u drugom poglavlju bit će objašnjen princip rada generatora u vjetroelektranama. U trećem poglavlju bit će objašnjen rad vjetroturbina s različitim vrstama generatora. U četvrtom poglavlju napravit će se detaljna usporedba generatora, bit će prikazani prednosti i nedostaci, te će se u petom poglavlju prikazati rezultati modela vjetroelektrana u programu Matlab Simulink. U šestom poglavlju na temelju svega prikazanog donijet će se zaključak na ovu temu.This thesis is divided into 6 chapters in which comparison of synchronous and asynchronous generators in wind power plants will be elaborated. The first chapter is an introduction to the topic, the second chapter will explain the principle of operation of generators in wind power plants. The third chapter will explain the operation of wind turbines with different types of generators. The fourth chapter will make a detailed comparison of generators, show their advantages and disadvantages, and the fifth chapter will present the results of the wind power plant model in the Matlab Simulink program. In the sixth chapter, based on everything presented, a conclusion will be drawn on this topic
ANALYSIS OF LOAN OFFER FOR INDIVIDULAS IN CROATIA
No full textKrediti su najčešći oblik zaduživanja fizičkih osoba. Kreditne institucije nude različite modele kreditiranja i vrste kredita, ovisno o potrebama ciljanih skupina. Ovaj rad analizira ponudu kredita za fizičke osobe u RH na temelju vrste i uvjeta kreditiranja s naglaskom na usporedbu ponuda gotovinskih i stambenih kredita u najvećim hrvatskim bankama. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na raznolikost ponude građanima što omogućava odabir najpovoljnije opcije kreditiranja sukladno njihovim željama i financijskim mogućnostima. Da bi se to postiglo potrebno je na istaknuti najvažnije čimbenici koji se trebaju uzeti u obzir pri uzimanju kredita a to su: visina i vrsta kamatne stope, rok otplate kredita, ostali troškovi i naknade itd. Svaki od navedenih čimbenika potrebno je analizirati i usporediti kako bi odredili najpovoljniju opciju. Sve navedeno služi građanima u boljem razumijevanju samog procesa kreditiranja kao i što lakše financiranje vlastitih potrošačkih potreba.Loans are the most common form of borrowing by individuals. Credit instituions offer different types of loans depending on the needs of target groups. This thesis anayzes the loan offer for individuals in the Republic of Croatia based on the type and terms of the loan, with an emphasis on comparing the offer of cash and housing loans in the largest Croatian banks. The aim of this thesis is to help citizen choose the most favorable loan options according to their wishes and financial capabilities. In order to achive this, it is necessary to highlight the most important factors that should be taken into account when taking out a loan, which are: the amount and type of interest rate, loan repayment period, other costs and fees, etc. Each of the above factors needs to be analyzed and compared in order to determine the most favorable option. All of the above helps citizens better understand the loan process itself and finance their own consumer needs an easily as possible
INCOME FROM SELF-EMPLOYMENT
No full textDohodak od nesamostalnog rada je razlika između primitaka priteklih u poreznom razdoblju i izdataka nastalih u istom poreznom razdoblju. Plaća predstavlja primitak koji poslodavac isplaćuje ili daje u naravi radniku na temelju radnog odnosa. Prema poreznim propisima plaća se tretira kao dohodak od nesamostalnog rada, a njen bruto iznos uključuje doprinose, poreze, prirez i neto iznos. Dohodak od nesamostalnog rada važan je segment poreznog sustava jer obuhvaća većinu zaposlenih osoba koje ostvaruju prihode kroz radni odnos. Dohodak od nesamostalnog rada podliježe jasno definiranim pravilima obračuna pri čemu ključnu ulogu imaju doprinosi, osobni odbitak i primjena progresivnih poreznih stopa. Analizirani primjeri pokazuju kako dodatne isplate poput bonusa i neoporezivih naknada, plaće u naravi utječu na ukupni porezni teret i neto primanja radnika.Income from employment is the difference between receipts received in a tax period and expenses incurred in the same tax period. A salary is a receipt that an employer pays or gives in kind to an employee based on an employment relationship. According to tax regulations, a salary is treated as income from employment, and its gross amount includes contributions, taxes, surtax and the net amount. Income from employment is an important segment of the tax system because it covers the majority of employed persons who earn income through employment. Income from employment is subject to clearly defined calculation rules, with contributions, personal allowances and the application of progressive tax rates playing a key role. The analysed examples show how additional payments such as bonuses and non-taxable benefits, salary in kind affect the total tax burden and net income of employees
THE ROLE OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN STUDENTS' DECISION-MAKING: THE CASE OF THE WORK AND TRAVEL PROGRAM
No full textOvaj rad istražuje ulogu bihevioralne ekonomije u donošenju odluka studenata o sudjelovanju u Work and Travel programu. Kroz pregled ključnih bihevioralno ekonomskih teorija, poput heuristika, teorije dvostrukog procesiranja i intertemporalne pristranosti, prikazuje se kako kognitivne pristranosti i emocionalni čimbenici utječu na percepciju rizika i procjenu koristi programa. U radu se detaljno analizira sam program Work and Travel, njegovi zahtjevi i prednosti, s posebnim naglaskom na studentska očekivanja i ponašanje u kontekstu stvarnih iskustava. Empirijski dio rada temelji se na anketnom istraživanju provedenom među 55 studenata, od kojih su neki već sudjelovali, a neki planiraju sudjelovati u programu. Analizom demografskih podataka, sklonosti riziku i izraženosti pojedinih kognitivnih pristranosti (poput sidrenja, gubitničke averzije i heuristike dostupnosti), utvrđeni su obrasci odlučivanja. Rezultati pokazuju da studenti često donose odluke pod utjecajem emocionalnog okvira, pozitivnog iskustva vršnjaka te očekivanih koristi, čak i kada svi financijski rizici nisu u potpunosti poznati. Zaključno, rad pokazuje da studenti odluke o sudjelovanju u Work and Travel programu ne donose isključivo racionalno, već pod utjecajem psiholoških čimbenika kao što su heuristike, percepcija rizika i očekivane koristi, čime se potvrđuje primjenjivost bihevioralne ekonomije u analizi njihovog ponašanja.This paper explores the role of behavioral economics in students’ decision-making regarding participation in the Work and Travel program. Through an overview of key behavioral economic theories, such as heuristics, dual-process theory, and intertemporal bias, it highlights how cognitive biases, and emotional factors influence risk perception and the evaluation of program benefits. The study provides a detailed analysis of the Work and Travel program, its requirements and advantages, with a special focus on students’ expectations and behaviors in the context of real-life experiences. The empirical part of the research is based on a survey conducted among 55 students, some of whom had already participated, while others were planning to join the program. By analyzing demographic data, risk preferences, and the presence of specific cognitive biases (such as anchoring, loss aversion, and availability heuristic), patterns in decision-making were identified. The results show that students often make decisions under the influence of emotional framing, positive peer experiences, and anticipated benefits even when not all financial risks are fully known. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that students’ decisions to participate in the Work and Travel program are not made purely rationally but are significantly shaped by psychological factors such as heuristics, risk perception, and expected rewards. This confirms the relevance and importance of behavioral economics in understanding and analyzing student behavior
THE INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCERS ON BUYING
No full textOvaj rad ispituje kako društveni mediji i influenceri mogu utjecati na odabir kupnje. Dan je detaljniji opis društvenih medija, njihov značaj i odluke o kupnji. Također, provedeno je istraživanje kojim se ispitalo ponašanje i mišljenje o društvenim mrežama, koliko vremena ispitanici provode na društvenim medijima te stav o utjecaju infuencera na odluke o kupnji. Zaključak rada uključuje prilog s nalazima ankete i studije.This essay examines how social media and celebrities can affect purchasing choices. A more thorough description of social networks, their significance, and purchasing decisions is provided. Also, a study was carried out to examine user behaviors and opinions regarding social networks, how much time respondents spend on social media, and the attitude about the influence of influencers on purchasing decisions. The paper's conclusion includes an attachment with survey and study findings
DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL FORCES OF LANGERS GIRDERS
No full textU ovom radu izvršen je proračun i dimenzioniranje ojačane grede i štapova koji tvore ojačanje grede za dvije varijante ojačanja i za dva materijala. U uvodnom dijelu opisani su osnovni pojmovi koji se spominju u radu i predstavljena je metodologija rješavanja. U prvom dijelu proračuna greda se oslobaĎa od veza kako bi se odredile reakcije oslonaca. Nakon toga se upotrebom metode presjeka i metode čvorova odreĎuju sile unutar štapova ojačanja grede, a zatim se raspodjelom grede na karakteristične presjeke odreĎuju unutarnje sile tih presjeka. Povezivanjem rezultata unutarnjih sila karakterističnih presjeka dobiva se slika unutarnjih sila ojačane grede. U drugom dijelu proračuna predstavljena su dva materijala, te je za njih izvršeno dimenzioniranje grede i štapova koji tvore ojačanje.This paper contains the calculation and design of a reinforced beam and rods which make up the reinforcement structure, for two variants and two materials. The introduction describes basic terms and the problem solving methodology used in this paper. In the first part of the calculation the beam is relieved of all links and reactions of the supports are calculated. After that the method of sections and the method of joints are used to determine the forces inside the reinforcement rods. Finally, by dividing the beam into distinct sections, internal forces of those sections are calculated as well. By combining the results of the internal forces of distinct sections an image of internal forces of the beam is formed. In the second part of the calculation two materials are presented and then used as the basis for the design of the beam and reinforcement rods
REGULAR AND EXTRAORDINARY LEGAL REMEDIES IN TAX LEGAL PROCEDURE
No full textU ovom radu objašnjeni su redoviti i izvanredni pravni lijekovi koji su dostupni u poreznom zakonodavstvu Republike Hrvatske. Iako ne postoji jedinstven zakon koji obuhvaća sve pravne lijekove u poreznom sustavu, postoji nekoliko zakona koji pokrivaju ovu tematiku, a to su: Opći porezni zakon, Zakon o općem upravnom postupku i Zakon o upravnim sporovima. Kroz analizu tih zakona prikazani su pravni lijekovi koji se primjenjuju u poreznom sustavu. Prije nego što su detaljno objašnjeni pravni lijekovi, obrađena su ključna načela poreznog sustava koja omogućuju bolje razumijevanje samog koncepta pravnih lijekova. Najčešći i najprimjenjivaniji pravni lijek u poreznom zakonodavstvu je žalba, koja je detaljno obrađena kroz zakone. Žalba je razmatrana kao redoviti pravni lijek, a uz teorijski okvir, prikazan je i konkretan primjer iz prakse. Analizom primjera žalbe, utvrđeno je što je u skladu sa zakonom, te kako se pravilno podnosi žalba. Ovo uključuje poštivanje zakonskih normi i rokova, kao i pravilnu argumentaciju u žalbenim postupcima. Osim žalbe, u radu su također obuhvaćeni i izvanredni pravni lijekovi, koji se koriste u situacijama kada redoviti pravni lijekovi nisu dostatni. Analizirani su uvjeti pod kojima se mogu koristiti izvanredni pravni lijekovi, kao i specifični postupci koji se primjenjuju u tim slučajevima.This paper explains the regular and extraordinary legal remedies available in the tax legislation of the Republic of Croatia. Although there is no single law that covering all legal remedies in the tax system, several laws cover topic namely: the General Tax Law, the General Administrative Procedure Act, and the Administrative Dispute Act. Through the analysis of these laws, the legal remedies applied in the tax system are presented. Before the legal remedies are explained in detail, the key principles of the tax system are discussed, which allows for a better understanding of the very concept of legal remedies. The most common and most frequently applied legal remedy in tax legislation is the appeal, which is discussed in detail through the laws. The appeal is considered as a regular legal remedy, and in addition to theoretical framework, a concrete example from practice is also presented. By analyzing the example of the appeal, it is determined what i sin accordance with the law, and how to properly file an appeal. This includes compliance with legal norms and deadlines, as well as proper argumentation in appeal proceedings. In addition to the appeals, the paper also covers extraordinary legal remedies, which are used when in situations where regular legal remedies are not sufficient. The conditions under which extraordinary legal remedies can be used, as well as the specific procedures applied in those cases, are analyzed
THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HOTEL BUSINESS SUCCESS
No full textOvaj rad obrađuje tematiku utjecaja umjetne inteligencije na uspješnost hotelskog poslovanja. Pojam umjetne inteligencije podrazumijeva primjenu računalnih sustava sposobnih za izvršavanje zadataka koji obično zahtijevaju ljudsku inteligenciju. U radu su objašnjeni temeljni pojmovi vezani za umjetnu inteligenciju, hotelsko poslovanje i ključne pokazatelje uspješnosti u hotelijerstvu. Analizirana je primjena umjetne inteligencije u različitim aspektima hotelskog poslovanja, uključujući optimizaciju poslovnih procesa, poboljšanje korisničkog iskustva i financijske rezultate. U anketnom istraživanju ispitivala se percepcija voditelja hotela s četiri i pet zvjezdica u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji o primjeni umjetne inteligencije u hotelskoj industriji. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako su ispitanici generalno otvoreni naspram implementaciji AI tehnologija, no pristutni su određeni izazovi poput nedostatka tehničkog znanja i otpora zaposlenika. Rezultati ankete pokazuju kako ispitanici smatraju da umjetna inteligencija najviše doprinosi poboljšanju marketinških kampanja i povećanju operativne učinkovitosti, ali istovremeno naglašavaju važnost ljudskog čimbenika u pružanju usluga gostima hotela. Istraživanje ukazuje na potrebu za daljnjom edukacijom i postupnom implementacijom AI tehnologija u hotelijerstvu, uz pažljivo balansiranje između tehnoloških inovacija i tradicionalnog pristupa gostoprimstvu. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja mogu poslužiti kao smjernice za buduće strategije implementacije umjetne inteligencije u hotelskoj industriji u Republici Hrvatskoj.This paper addresses the topic of the impact of artificial intelligence on the success of hotel business. Artificial intelligence is the application of computer systems capable of performing tasks that usually require human intelligence. The paper explains the basic concepts related to artificial intelligence, the hotel business and key performance indicators in the hotel industry. The application of artificial intelligence in various aspects of the hotel business is analyzed, including business process optimization, improving customer experience and financial results. The survey examined the perception of managers of four- and five-star hotels in Split-Dalmatia County on the application of artificial intelligence in the hotel industry. The research showed that respondents are generally open to implementing AI technologies, but specific challenges exist, such as a lack of technical knowledge and employee resistance. This research shows that respondents believe artificial intelligence contributes most to improving marketing campaigns and increasing operational efficiency. At the same time, they emphasize the importance of the human factor in providing services to hotel guests. The research indicates the need for further education and gradual implementation of AI technologies in the hotel industry, with a careful balance between technological innovations and the traditional approach to hospitality. The research results can serve as guidelines for future strategies for implementing artificial intelligence in the hotel industry in the Republic of Croatia
CREATING A 2D GAME IN THE JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
No full textU ovom završnom radu opisana je izrada 2D igre u Javi, inspirirana klasikom poput prvog Super Maria iz 1985. godine. Umjesto korištenja gotovih pogonskih rjesenja (engl. engine) cijela logika izgrađena je od temelja koristeći JPanel za crtanje i upravljanje unosima (engl. input handling). Cilj je bio bio je kreirati igru sa retro dozivljajem- precizno skakanje, jednostavno kretanje i jednostavna, ali robusna fizika blokova. Rješenje se oslanja na vlastitoj implementaciji petlje za igru (engl. game loop) u kojoj se ažurira stanje igre 60 puta u sekundi, što daje fluidnost nalik originalnim konzolnim igrama. Poseban trud uložen je u dizajn nivoa koji kombinira nostalgiju 8-bitne ere s mehanikama prilagođenom modernim kontrolama.This Project describes the development of a 2D game in Java, directly inspired by classics such as the original Super Mario from 1985. Instead of using ready-made engines, the entire logic was built from scratch using JPanel for rendering and input handling. The main challenge was replicating that "feel" of retro games - precise jumping, simple movement, and solid block physics. The solution relies on a custom game loop implementation that updates the game state 60 times per second, providing fluidity similar to original console games. Special effort was invested in level design that combines 8-bit era nostalgia with mechanics adapted to modern controls
INCOME FROM INDEPENDENT WORK WITH REFERENCE TO NON-TAXABLE RECEIPTS
No full textDohodak od nesamostalnog rada predstavlja ključni izvor prihoda građana i temelj kreiranja dohodovne politike Republike Hrvatske, pri čemu neoporezivi primici i njihov utjecaj služe kao važan alat za povećanje realnih primanja zaposlenika i poticanje socijalnih ciljeva. U ovom radu detaljno se analizira teorijski i empirijski obuhvat dohotka od nesamostalnog rada u Republici Hrvatskoj s fokusom na utjecaj progresivnih poreznih stopa, osobnih odbitaka i neoporezivih primitaka na konačne neto isplate zaposlenika. Kratka analiza tekuće u odnosu na prethodnu godinu pokazala je da su pragovi podizanja razine neoporezivih primitaka u odnosu na stvarnu razinu inflacije u tekućoj godini uglavnom porasli između 7 – 13% u odnosu na prethodnu godinu, čime je očuvana realna vrijednost isplaćenih neoporezivih naknada. Isto tako, kroz konkretne primjere obračuna plaći i utjecaja neoporezivih primitaka iz prakse pokazano je kako pragovi neoporezivih primitaka mogu imati veliki utjecaj na dobitnu kombinaciju – s jedne strane, mogu značajno utjecati na smanjenje poreznih opterećenja poslodavcima, dok s druge strane mogu značajno doprinijeti na povećanje budžeta zaposlenika. Time se zaključuje da pravilna kombinacija jasnog zakonodavnog okvira, transparentnog obračuna i primjene neoporezivih primitaka omogućuje učinkovitiju preraspodjelu dohotka, konkretniju motivaciju zaposlenika kroz isplatu neto i neoporezivih primitaka te posljedično stabilnost fiskalnog sustava Republike Hrvatske.Income from employment constitutes a key source of earnings for citizens and underpins the design of income policy in the Republic of Croatia, with tax‑exempt receipts serving as an important instrument for boosting employees’ real incomes and promoting social objectives. This paper provides a detailed theoretical and empirical analysis of income from employment in Croatia, focusing on the impact of progressive tax rates, personal allowances and tax‑exempt receipts on employees’ final net pay.A brief comparison between the current year and the previous one reveals that thresholds for tax‑exempt receipts have generally been increased by 7–13 % relative to actual inflation, thereby preserving the real value of paid tax‑exempt allowances. Moreover, through concrete payroll calculation examples and practical illustrations of tax‑exempt receipts, it is demonstrated how these thresholds can significantly affect the optimal mix of remuneration: on the one hand, they can substantially reduce employers’ tax burdens; on the other, they can markedly enhance employees’ take‑home pay. It is therefore concluded that a well‑balanced combination of a clear legislative framework, transparent payroll calculation and the application of tax‑exempt receipts enables more efficient income redistribution, more tangible employee motivation through the payment of net and tax‑exempt receipts, and consequently greater stability of Croatia’s fiscal system