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Influence of the extraction method on DNAquality in grapevine
No full textIzolacija DNA predstavlja ključni korak u provedbi molekularnih i genetskih analiza. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj različitih metoda izolacije na kvalitetu DNA kod vinove loze. Istraživanje je provedeno na pet različitih sorti vinove loze (Graševina, Merlot, Frankovka, Chardonnay, Sauvignon bijeli). Genomska DNA izolirana je iz mladih listova vinove loze. Za izolaciju genomske DNA iz tkiva lista vinove loze korištene su četiri različite metode izolacije: metoda A (Nucleo Spin Plant II, PL1), metoda B (Nucleo Spin Plant II, PL2), metoda C (CTAB + 2-merkaptoetanol) i metoda D (CTAB + PVP-40). Koncentracija i čistoća izolirane DNA provjerene su korištenjem spektrofotometra i horizontalne elektroforeze. Najmanja prosječna koncentracija DNA uzoraka zabilježena je kod metode A, a najveća prosječna koncentracija DNA zabilježena je kod metode C. Svi uzorci imali su dobar omjer apsorbanci A260/A280. Svi uzorci osim onih iz metode D imali su dobar omjer apsorbanci A260/A230. Elektroforezom je potvrđena zadovoljavajuća kvaliteta uzoraka.DNA extraction represents a key step in the implementation of molecular and genetic analyses. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of different extraction methods on DNA quality in grapevines. The research was conducted on five different grape varieties (Graševina, Merlot, Frankovka, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc). Genomic DNA was extracted from young vine leaves. Four different extraction methods were used to extract genomic DNA from grapevine leaf tissue: method A (Nucleo Spin Plant II, PL1), method B (Nucleo Spin Plant II, PL2), method C (CTAB + 2-mercaptoethanol) and method D (CTAB + PVP-40). The concentration and purity of the extracted DNA was checked using a spectrophotometer and horizontal electrophoresis. The lowest average concentration of DNA samples was recorded with method A, and the highest average concentration of DNA was recorded with method C. All samples had a good A260/A280 absorbance ratio. All samples except those from method D had a good A260/A230 absorbance ratio. The satisfactory quality of the samples was confirmed by electrophoresis
Planing of corn spring sowing on family farm Despot Sutarić
No full textU radu se analizira i prikazuje planiranje proljetne sjetve kukuruza na OPG-u Despot Sutarić. Navodi se
problematika kasne ili preuranjene sjetve, planiranje proljetne sjetve kukuruza, priprema zemljišta, proljetna
sjetva kukuruza, njega i berba usjeva te ekonomska analiza. Prikazuju se teorijske odrednice glavnih značajki
kukuruza te njegove važnosti u ekonomskom smislu. Temeljem prihoda, rashoda i financijskog rezultata
proizvodnja silažnog kukuruza je ekonomski opravdana Ep = 1,38 i rentabilna Rp = 27,61 %. Ukupni prihodi po
hektaru su iznosili 12.600,00 kn, a ukupni rashodi 9.120,77 kn, čija razlika na kraju dovodi do financijskog
rezultata, dobitka od 3.479,23 kn po hektaru.The BSc Thesis analyses and presents the planning of spring sowing of corn at OPG Despot Sutarić. The
problems of late or premature sowing, planning of spring sowing of corn, land preparation, spring sowing of
corn, crop care and harvesting, and economic analysis are mentioned. The theoretical determinants of the main
characteristics of corn and its importance in the economic sense are presented. On the basis of income, expenses
and financial result, the production of silage corn is economically justified Ep = 1.38 and profitable Rp =
27.61%. Total income per hectare was HRK 12,600.00, and total expenses HRK 9,120.77, the difference of
which ultimately leads to the financial result, a gain of HRK 3,479.23 per hectare
Perspectives of aquaponic systems
No full textAkvaponični sustavi kombiniraju recirkulacijsku akvakulturu i hidroponiku za biljnu proizvodnju. Hranjive tvari dobivene kao rezultat metabolizma riba koriste se za rast biljaka. Korištenjem akvaponike štedi se voda jer se bazira na zatvorenom sustavu u kojem voda neprekidno cirkulira te ne zahtijeva redovno navodnjavanje kao konvencionalni vrtovi. Upotrebom akvaponskog uzgoja na manjem prostoru se proizvodi više hrane nego u konvencionalnom vrtu, stoga nije potrebno puno prostora za proizvodnju vlastite hrane. Prednosti ovakvih sustava su mnogobrojne: od zaštite okoliša zbog recikliranja vode, preko organske ishrane biljaka i uklanjanja otpadnih tvari iz vode, pa do smanjenja potreba za zemljištem za proizvodnju povrtnih kultura i na kraju do redukcije patogena u akvakulturnoj proizvodnji.Aquaponic systems combine recirculating aquaculture and hydroponics for crops production. As a result of fish metabolism, nutrients are used for plant growth. The use of aquaponics saves water as it is a closed system in which there is a constant water circulation and it does not require regular irrigation like traditional farming. By using aquaponic farming, more food is produced in a smaller area than in traditional farming, therefore it does not take much space to produce your own food. These systems have numerous benefits: from environmental protection such as water recycling, to organic plant nutrition and contaminants removal from wastewater; all the way to the reduced need for nourished soil for the production of vegetable crops and finally to the reduction of pathogens in aquaculture productio
Significance and use of wild herb species
No full textRad istražuje samoniklo začinsko bilje na području Republike Hrvatske, naglašavajući njegovu ekološku, ekonomsku i kulturnu vrijednost. Samonikle jestive biljke poput običnog stolisnika (Achillea millefolium), običnog komorača (Foeniculum vulgare), hrena (Armoracia rusticana), medvjeđeg luka (Allium ursinum), dugolisne metvice (Mentha longifolia), vlasca (Allium schoenoprasum), majčine dušice (Thymus serpyllum) i lovora (Laurus nobilis) rasprostranjene su diljem Hrvatske i rastu u prirodnim, netaknutim staništima. Ove biljke su iznimno prilagođene lokalnim klimatskim uvjetima i tlu, što ih čini ekološki održivim resursom jer ne zahtijevaju intenzivnu poljoprivredu ili upotrebu kemijskih sredstava. U radu su detaljno opisane morfološke karakteristike, staništa, rasprostranjenost, sezonalnost, upotreba u prehrani, te ljekovita i druga svojstva svake od istraživanih biljaka. Posebice je dan naglasak na kulinarsku i prehrambenu vrijednost biljaka te njihovu dostupnost na tržištu.The paper explores wild herbs and spices in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, emphasizing its ecological, economic and cultural value. Wild edible plants such as common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), common fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), wild garlic (Allium ursinum), horse mint (Mentha longifolia), chives (Allium schoenoprasum), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) and bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) are widespread throughout Croatia and grow in natural, untouched habitats. These plants are extremely adapted to the local climate and soil, which makes them an ecologically sustainable resource because they do not require intensive agriculture or the use of chemical pesticides. The paper describes in detail the morphological characteristics, habitats, distribution, seasonality, use in foods, and medicinal and other properties of each of the investigated plants. Special emphasis is placed on the culinary and nutritional value of the plants and their availability on the market
The influence of silicon nanoparticles on the anatomical characteristics of blueberry leaves (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in a liquid immersion bioreactor system
No full textIstraživački dio ovog diplomskog rada provede je u laboratoriju za kultur biljnog tkiva Katedre za voćarstvo, vinogradarstvo i vinarstvo ( Laboratorij za voćarstvo) Fkulteta agrobiotehničkih znanosti Osijek ( FAZOS). Cilj ovoga diplomskog rada usmjeren je na ispitivanje utjecaja nanočestica silicijevog dioksida ( SiO2) na anatomske zančajke lista ( veličina, broj i izgled puči) borovnice ( Viaccinuium corymbosum L.) u tekućem imerznom sustavu bioreaktora. Iako statistički razlike nisu bile značajne, puči na tretmanima s nanočesticama, a posebice na tretmanu s nižom koncentracijom nanočestica SiO2 od 30 mg/L rezultirale su većim dimenzijama i otvorom porusa u odnocu na kontrolnitretman. Rezultati sugeriraju na mogućnost utjecaja prvenstveno niže koncentracije nanočestica Sio2 od 30 mg/L, ali i veće od 75 mg/L na anatomske značajke puči (dimenzije puči i otvora porusa) listova borovnice u imerznom sustavu bioreaktora. Nanočestice SiO2 u obje koncentracije (30 i 75 mg/l) su pozitivno utjecale na anatomske karakteristike puči jer su in vitro izdanci na oba tretmana razvili veće i krupnije puči u odnosu na kontrolni tretman bez nanočestica. Biljni materijal na kraju ciklusa (45 dana) razvio je idealnu biomasu te nije pokazao znakove stresa, jake vitrifikacije ili negativnog utjecaja primijenjenih koncentracija nanočestica SiO2. Vizualnom analizom utvrđena je i veća visina te broj izdanaka na tretmanima s nanočesticama koji su razvili više zelenih listova u odnosu na kontrolni tretman. Utjecaj primjenjenih koncentracija nanočestica SiO2 na razvoj većeg broja puči po mm2 epiderme listova eksplantata borovnice u tekućem imerznom sustavu nije potvrđen. Dobiveni rezultati našeg istraživanja naglašavaju potencijal i vrijednost primjene nanočestica Sio2 u biljnoj biotehnologiji, posebice na poboljšanje učinkovitosti ishoda in vitro metode razmnožavanja u tekućem imerznom sustavu bioreaktora. Daljna istraživanja potrebno je usmjeriti ispitivanju drugih koncentacija nanočestica te samih mehanizamana na kojima se temelje izneseni učinci ali i optimizacijai njjihove primjene na različitim drugim biljnim, odnosno voćnim vrstama.The research component of this thesis was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Viticulture, and Enology ( Pomology Laboratory) at the Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek (FAZOS). The aim of this thesis was examine the effects of silicon dioxide (Sio2) nanoparticles on the anatomical characteristics of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) leaves, specifically the size and number of stomata, within the SETIS liquid immersion bioreactor system. Although the statistical were not significant, stomata in treatments with nanoparticles , especially with the lower concentration of Sio2 nanoparticles (30 mg/l) exhibited larger dimensions and pore openings compared to the control traetment. The results suggest a potential effect, primarily of the lower concentations (30mg/L) but also of the higher concentration (75 mg/L) of SiO2 nanoparticles on the anatomical features of stomata (size and pore openings) in blueberry leaves grown in the immersion bioreactor system. SiO2 nanoparticles, at both concentrations ( 30 and 75 mg/L) positively influenced the anatomical characteristics of stomata, as in vitro shoots in both treatments developed larger and more robust stomata compared to the control treatment without nanoparticles. By the end of the 45-day cycle, the plant material had developed an ideal biomass and showed no signs of stress, severe vitrification, or any negative effects from the applied concentrations of SiO2 nanoparticles. Visual analysis also revealed greater shoot height and an increased number of shoots in nanoparticle-treated plants. which developed more and greener leaves compared to the control treatment. The effect of the applied Sio2 nanoparticle concentrations on the development of a greater number of stomata per mm2 of epidrmal tissue in blueberry explants in the liquid immersion system was not confirmed. The results of our research emphasize the potential and value of applying SiO2 nanoparticles in plant biotechnology, particularly in improving the efficiency of in vitro propagation methods within the liquid immersion bioreactor system. Future research should focus on testing other nanoparticle concentrations and exploring the mechanisms underlying the observed effects, as well as optimizing their application to other plant, especially fruit species
Specifiics of breeding German Shepherd dogs
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je cjelovit prikaz pasmine njemački ovčar s naglaskom na specifičnosti uzgoja. Njemački ovčar potječe iz Njemačke, kao što i samo ime sugerira, razvijao se kroz strogu sveobuhvatnu i pažljivo dokumentiranu selekciju koja je započela prije više od jednog stoljeća. To je rezultiralo današnjim njemačkim ovčarima, nezamjenjivim ljudskim pratiteljima i pomagačima u raznim aspektima života i rada. Središnji fokus ovog rada je identificiranje relevantnih pravila, principa i metoda uzgoja, posebno iz vlastitog iskustva i stručnosti eksperata u ovom području, a odnose se na selektirani uzgoj pedigriranih njemačkih ovčara. Osim ključnih uzgojnih čimbenika, posebna pažnja posvećena je stručnim uzgojnim standardima koje je postavila matična kinološka organizacija u Republici Hrvatskoj. Konačno, kroz integrirani pristup sadašnjem stanju pasmine i uvid iz perspektive stručnjaka, rad ima za cilj odrediti moguće smjerove u kojima će se uzgoj ove zahtjevne, ali popularne i svestrane pasmine kretati u budućnosti.The topic of this final thesis is a comprehensive overview of the german shepherd breed, with a focus on the specifics of breeding. As the name suggests, the german shepherd originates from Germany, developed through strict, comprehensive, and carefully documented selection that began more than a century ago. This has resulted in today’s german shepherds, indispensable human companions and helpers in various aspects of life and work. The central focus of this paper is to identify relevant rules, principles, and breeding methods, especially from personal experience and expertise from specialists in this field, concerning the selective breeding of pedigree german shepherds. In addition to key breeding factors, special attention is given to professional breeding standards set by the national cynological organization in the Republic of Croatia. Finally, through an integrated approach to the current state of the breed and insights from experts, the paper aims to determine possible directions in which the breeding of this demanding, yet popular and versatile breed, may evolve in the future
Breeding and selection of big game
No full textLovno gospodarenje predstavlja sustavno provođenje uzgojnih mjera u lovištu pri čemu nastojimo dovesti populaciju na optimalan broj čija će brojnost biti sukladna kapacitetu staništa. Tehničkim uređenjem lovišta poboljšavamo opću prikladnost lovišta. Jedna od glavnih uzgojnih mjera, odnosno zahvata koje primjenjujemo na populaciji krupne divljači je uzgojni odstrjel. Njegovim provođenjem izlučujemo pojedine jedinke koje svojim karakteristikama ne udovoljavaju zadanim kriterijima. Uzgojnom odstrjelu prethodi postavljanje selekcijskog indeksa, i njime određujemo parametre prema kojima ćemo provoditi selekciju divljači. Svaku bolesnu i ozlijeđenu jedinku izlučujemo sanitarnim odstrjelom tijekom cijele godine, a divljač koja je dostigla svoju gospodarsku zrelost, u sklopu obavljanja redovnog odstrjela pravodobno izlučujemo iz lovišta.Wildlife management represents systematic implementation of breeding measures in the hunting grounds, by which we strive to bring the population to an optimal number, which abundance will be in accordance with the capacity of the habitat. By technically arranging of the hunting ground, we improve its general suitability in places where the habitat does not require it. One of the main breeding measures, i.e. procedures that we apply to the large game population, is management hunt. By his conduction, according to age categories, we select individuals whose external appearance characteristics do not meet the given criteria. The management hunt is preceded by the setting of the selection index, and with it we determine the parameters according to which we will implement the selection of game according to age categories. Every sick and injured animal is removed by sanitary hunt throughout the year, and game that has reached its economic maturity is removed from the hunting ground in a timely manner as part of the regular hunt
Development of equestrian tourism in Osijek - Baranja County
No full textKonjogojstvo ima dugu tradiciju na području Hrvatske što omogućuje razvoj konjičkog turizma. U
Hrvatskoj konjički turizam nije u potpunosti razvijen, ali ima preduvjete koji omogućuju bolji i kvalitetniji
razvoj. Konji su, uz volove, do sredine 20. stoljeća i uvođenja mehanizacije u obradu tla i druge poljoprivredne
radove, bili neophodni za prijevoz ljudi i dobara te teške fizičke radove. Prestankom primarne namjene, konji
ostaju u manjem broju sastavni dio tradicijske kulture, a uz brojne folklorne manifestacije koje čuvaju identitet
i prikazuju nekadašnji život sela istočnog dijela Republike Hrvatske, novu namjenu na području Osječkobaranjske
i ostalih županija nalaze u sportu i konjičkom turizmu. Područje Osječko-baranjske županije ima
dobre preduvjete za razvoj konjičkog turizma u vidu sportskog, rekreativnog te terapije i aktivnosti pomoću
konja koje nisu dovoljno iskorištene i popularizirane. Nositelji konjičkog turizma, uz državne i privatne ergele,
danas su konjogojske udruge i Obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva (OPG).Horse breeding has a long tradition in Croatia, which enables the development of equestrian
tourism. In Croatia, equestrian tourism is not fully developed, but it has prerequisites that enable better and
better development. Horses, along with oxen, until the middle of the 20th century and the introduction of
mechanization in tillage and other agricultural work, were necessary for the transport of people and goods and
heavy physical work. With the end of their primary purpose, horses remain an integral part of traditional culture
in smaller numbers, and in addition to numerous folklore manifestations that preserve identity and show the
former life of the villages of the eastern part of the Republic of Croatia, a new purpose in the area of Osijek-
Baranja and other counties is found in sports and equestrian tourism. The area of Osijek-Baranja County has
good prerequisites for the development of equestrian tourism in the form of sports, recreation and therapy and
activities using horses that are not sufficiently utilized and popularized. The bearers of equestrian tourism, in
addition to state and private studs, today are equestrian associations and Family Agricultural Farms (OPG)
Grass-Fed Cattle as an Option to Improve the Sustainability of Cattle Industry in Croatia
No full textIn Croatia, as well as in many neighboring countries, neither the cattle farmers nor the general public (i.e., the consumers) are familiar with the meaning of the grass- fed cattle farming. This paper’s objective is to present what environmental and consumer-health benefits might arise from this way of cattle farming, along with the expected constrains regarding a lower productivity per animal and per the used land resources. The presented literature review has demonstrated that, when compared to the conventional TMR-fed cattle, the grass-fed feeding manner produces the cattle-derived foods with the greater consumer-related health benefits, has a potential to restore biodiversity in agricultural countryside, causes a lesser environmental pollution due to a lesser pesticide use, improves animal welfare and the beauty of a countryside landscape, decreases the farmers’ operating costs, consumes less fossil fuel per hectare of the utilized land, which is appreciated in climate policies, and has a potential to improve the cattle farmers’ resilience and independence from distant fossil fuels. The grass-fed foods are appreciated by the end-consumers who are willing to pay a price premium for such products. The projected feed and forage consumptions, along with the data on a grass-fed cattle productivity, have indicated a poorer conversion rate of feed DM to milk (1.433 vs. 0.756) and bodyweight gain (12.168 vs. 7.526) in the grass-fed cattle when compared to the TMR-fed, which implies that the grass-fed cattle would require much more land resources per product unit than the TMR-fed cattle. Further research is required to test the productivity of grass-fed cattle (per head and per hectare) in Croatian conditions, as well as to investigate the productivity of Croatian grassland resources
Ocjena veličine čestica kukuruzne silaže na mliječnim farmama u Republici Hrvatskoj
No full textCilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi u kojoj mjeri silaže kukuruza zadovoljavaju optimalne vrijednosti distribucije frakcije čestica kao fizičkoga pokazatelja u ukupnoj ocjeni silaže. Za ovo istraživanje distribucije frakcije čestica silaže kukuruza provedena su trogodišnja istraživanja u deset županija Republike Hrvatske na 234, 231 i 230 uzoraka u 2021., 2022. i 2023. godini. Distribucija strukture čestica kukuruzne silaže mjerena je metodom prosijavanja preko triju sita (sustav Penn State Particle Separator), a prema ovoj metodi fizička kvaliteta silaža kukuruza ocjenjivana je na temelju ciljanih vrijednosti distribucije čestica po sitima: 1. sito 3 – 8 %, 2. sito 45 – 65 %, 3. sito 20 – 30 % te na dnu kutije do 10 %. Prosječne vrijednosti distribucije čestica silaže kukuruza u 2021. i 2022. godini između županija nisu bile statistički značajne (P>0,05), dok su razlike vrijednosti u 2023. godini bile statistički značajne (P<0,05) samo između Međimurske i Varaždinske županije. Praćenjem vrijednosti strukture čestica po pojedinim sitima u sve tri godine najbolje su vrijednosti zabilježene na situ 2, što je bilo i statistički značajno u odnosu na sito 1, sito 3 i sito 4 (kutija na dnu). Vrijednosti frakcija čestica između pojedinih razreda silaže potvrdile su statistički značajne razlike (P<0,05) samo u 2022. godini. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata vezanih za distribuciju frakcije čestica, evidentno je da treba poboljšati tehniku spremanja silaže