Repository of the Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek
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Research of the horse preference to various forages
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je ispitati preferencije konja prema različitim voluminoznim krmivima. Tijekom tri dana istraživanja konju su nuđena svježa zelena krmiva (klupčasta oštrica, lucerna i talijanski ljulj) i sijeno lucerne, a zatim je praćena konzumacija. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da konj dosljedno preferira svježa zelena krmiva u odnosu na sijeno. Sijeno je u većini slučajeva ostalo potpuno nekonzumirano ili je bilo tek samo kušano. Također, istraživanje je pozalo da među svježim zelenim krmivima konj ima veću preferenciju prema lucerni i klupčastoj oštrici, a manju prema talijanskom ljulju. Rezultati istraživanja mogu pomoći u izboru voluminoznih krmiva za konje s ciljem maksimalizacije konzumacije. Za očekivati je da su krmiva prema kojima je konj pokazao veće preferencije korisnija za cjelokupno zdravlje i radne performanse konja..The aim of the research was to examine the preferences of horses towards different forages. During the three days of the research, the horse was offered fresh green forage (orchardgrass, alfalfa and Italian ryegrass) and alfalfa hay, and then consumption was monitored. The results of the research showed that the horse consistently prefers fresh green forage over hay. In most cases, the hay remained completely unconsumed or was only tasted. Also, the research showed that among fresh green forages, the horse has a greater preference for alfalfa and orchardgrass, and less for Italian ryegrass. The results of the research can help in the selection of forages for horses with the aim of maximizing consumption. It is to be expected that the feeds to which the horse has shown a greater preference are more beneficial for the overall health and work performance of the horse
Development of a model for reducing ammonia emissions of dairy cattle using precision dairy farming technologies
No full textCilj doktorskog rada bio je procijeniti varijabilnost dnevne proizvodnje mlijeka, sadržaja ureje, sadržaja dušika u ureji mlijeka i procijenjenih emisija amonijaka kod mliječnih krava te razviti model za optimizaciju hranidbe za smanjenje emisija amonijaka, promovirajući održivu proizvodnju mlijeka kroz precizno mliječno govedarstvo. Korištena je opsežna baza podataka od 3.953.637 zapisa na kontrolni dan za Holstein krave od 1.1.2005. do 31.12.2022. Analiza sa SAS/STAT softverom otkrila je značajnu fenotipsku varijabilnost u proizvodnji i sastavu mlijeka. Čimbenici poput sezone, regije uzgoja, stadija i redoslijeda laktacije značajno su utjecali na proizvodne karakteristike. Daljnje analize otkrile su značajnu varijabilnost u unosu suhe tvari, metaboličkoj energiji, metaboličkom proteinu, kalciju, fosforu i drugim hranidbenim parametrima među farmama i sezonama. Analize korelacija pokazale su slab odnos između proizvodnje mlijeka i emisije amonijaka, što ukazuje kako povećana proizvodnja mlijeka nije nužno povezana s većim emisijama amonijaka. Hranidbeni parametri poput unosa suhe tvari i metaboličke energije imali su mali utjecaj na emisiju amonijaka, dok su odnosi s kalcijem, fosforom i vlaknima bili slabi. Ovo sugerira moguće smanjenje emisija amonijaka kroz metode optimizacije koje nisu samo usmjerene na prilagodbu hranidbenih parametara. Statistički modeli koji uključuju čimbenike poput stadija laktacije, redoslijeda laktacije, sezone i regije uzgoja poboljšali su sposobnost objašnjavanja varijabilnosti emisije amonijaka. Međutim, značajna količina neobjašnjene varijabilnosti ostala je prisutna, a najopsežniji model (Model E) pokazao je najveću sposobnost objašnjavanja, ali i visoku varijancu pogrešaka, što ukazuje na potrebu za razvijanjem naprednijih modela. Modeli temeljeni na kemijskom sastavu krmiva, uključujući unos suhe tvari, metionin, lizin i ukupna vlakna, imali su ograničenu sposobnost objašnjavanja varijabilnosti emisije amonijaka. Iako dodavanje dodatnih varijabli poput redoslijeda laktacije, sezone i farme donosi određena poboljšanja, visoka varijanca pogrešaka ostaje, što ukazuje na potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima kako bi se razvili učinkovitiji modeli i tehnike za optimizaciju smanjenja emisija amonijaka.The aim of the doctoral thesis was to assess the variability of daily milk production, urea content, urea nitrogen in milk and estimated ammonia emissions in dairy cows and to develop a model for optimizing feeding to reduce ammonia emissions, promoting sustainable milk production through precision dairy farming. An extensive database of 3,953,637 records was used on the control day for Holstein cows from 1.1.2005 to 31.12.2022. Analysis with SAS/STAT software revealed significant phenotypic variability in milk production and composition. Factors such as season, breeding area, lactation stage and sequence significantly influenced production characteristics. Further analyses revealed significant variability in dry matter intake, metabolizable energy, metabolizable protein, calcium, phosphorus and other nutritional parameters across farms and seasons. Correlation analyses showed a weak relationship between milk production and ammonia emissions, indicating that increased milk production is not necessarily correlated with higher ammonia emissions. Nutritional parameters such as dry matter intake and metabolic energy had minimal effects on ammonia emissions, while the relationships with calcium, phosphorus and fibre were weak. This suggests that reductions in ammonia emissions can be achieved by optimization methods beyond simple dietary adjustments. Statistical models that include factors such as stage of lactation, sequence, season and region of production improved the ability to explain the variability in ammonia emissions. However, significant unexplained variability remained, with the most comprehensive model (Model E) showing the highest explanatory power, but also a high error variance, indicating the need for more advanced models. Models based on dietary chemical composition, including dry matter intake, methionine, lysine and total fibre, had limited explanatory power. Although the inclusion of additional variables such as lactation order, season and farm led to some improvement, high error variance is still present, indicating the need for further research to develop more effective models and techniques for optimizing ammonia emission reduction
Agrotechnics of sugar beet production of family farm "Novković Dejan"
No full textŠećerna repa, poznata botanički kao Beta vulgaris, je važan usjev bogat energijom koji zahtijeva pažljivo planiranje i primjenu agrotehničkih pristupa. OPG je postigao relativno uspješnu proizvodnju šećerne repe s prosječnim prinosom od 65,1 t/ha. Visoki prinos može biti rezultat primjene pravilnih poljoprivrednih praksi, odabira sorti s visokim potencijalom prinosa i odgovarajuće gnojidbe. Također, povoljni agroekološki uvjeti, poput klime i tla, mogu doprinijeti visokim prinosima. U usporedbi s prosjekom u Hrvatskoj, OPG postiže konkurentne rezultate, s postotkom digestije šećerne repe od 16,62 %, dok je prosjek u RH često niži od 16,00 %. Ovo upućuje na uspješnu optimizaciju proizvodnje šećerne repe na OPG-u.Sugar beet, known botanically as Beta vulgaris, is an important energy-rich crop that requires careful planning and the application of agrotechnical approaches. The family farm (OPG) has achieved a relatively successful sugar beet production with an average yield of 65,1 t/ha. The high yield can be attributed to implementing proper agricultural practices, selecting high-yielding varieties, and appropriate fertilization. Favorable agroecological conditions like climate and soil can also contribute to high yields. In comparison to the average in Croatia, the OPG achieves competitive results, with a sugar content percentage of 16.62%, while the national average is often lower than 16%. This indicates a successful optimization of sugar beet production on the family farm
Abiotic stressin plants
No full textOvaj rad istražuje utjecaj abiotskog stresa na biljke, s posebnim naglaskom na agrikulturne vrste koje su važne za globalnu prehrambenu sigurnost. Cilj rada je analizirati vrste stresa koje biljke doživljavaju s fokusom na abiotske stresove kao što su suša, toplinski valovi i zaslanjivanje tla, te njihov utjecaj na primarni i sekundarni metabolizam, kao i na rast i razvoj biljaka. Kroz povijesni primjer Velike krumpirove gladi prikazana je važnost razumijevanja biljnih reakcija na stres. Također analizirani su učinci stresova na agrikulturne biljke u kontekstu klimatskih promjena. Istraživanja pokazuju kako abiotski stresovi značajno narušavaju fiziološke procese u biljkama, smanjujući njihovu sposobnost za rast i reprodukciju. Isto tako, utvrđeno je da abiotski stresovi ne samo da ometaju primarni metabolizam, već i značajno mijenjaju sekundarni metabolizam, što može dovesti do smanjenja prinosa i kvalitete usjeva. Razumijevanje mehanizama odgovora biljaka na abiotski stres predstavlja važnost za razvoj otpornijih usjeva i održive poljoprivrede u uvjetima globalnih klimatskih promjena.This paper explores the impact of abiotic stress on plants, with a particular focus on agricultural species that are vital for global food security. The aim of the study is to analyze the types of stress experienced by plants, with a focus on abiotic stresses such as drought, heatwaves, and soil salinization, and their effects on primary and secondary metabolism, as well as on plant growth and development. The historical example of the Great Potato Famine is used to highlight the importance of understanding plant responses to stress. Additionally, the effects of these stresses on agricultural plants in the context of climate change are analyzed. Research indicates that abiotic stresses significantly disrupt physiological processes in plants, reducing their capacity for growth and reproduction. It has also been found that abiotic stresses not only interfere with primary metabolism but also significantly alter secondary metabolism, potentially leading to reduced crop yields and quality. Understanding the mechanisms of plant responses to abiotic stress is crucial for developing more resilient crops and ensuring sustainable agriculture under global climate change conditions
The influence of the Vukovar-Srijem County Agrocluster on the association and development of small farms
No full textU Hrvatskoj su učestale inicijative osnivanja različitih klastera u pravnom obliku udruge pomoću kojih se proizvođači metodom „odozdo“ pokušavaju međusobno organizirati, uz povezivanje sa organizacijama znanja i uprave, kako bi ostvarili bolji nastup na tržište ili druge poslovne dobrobiti umrežavanja. Pri tome, brojni propadaju ili se nikad ne osnaže jer im ne dostaju financijska sredstva za razvoj. Dobar primjer umrežavanja poljoprivrednih proizvođača je Agro-klaster Vukovarsko-srijemske županije. On je razvijen metodom „odozgo“ gdje se čelništvo uprave Vukovarsko-srijemske županije zauzelo za proces osnivanja kroz sustavno financiranje županijskim i projektnim sredstvima u ostvarivanju razvoja šest granskih klastera koji su pomogli poljoprivrednim proizvođačima da nađu put do tržišta, osnaže svoje proizvodnje i zajednički razviju nove projekte kojima se čuva njihova gospodarska i demografska stabilnost razvoja.This final paper shows the development and improvement of agriculture and entrepreneurship in the area of the City of Nova Gradiška. The development of the entrepreneurial and agricultural environment in the City area is discussed, and development processes are described using descriptive and comparative data analysis. The development of agriculture and entrepreneurship represents the strength of the development of the wider local area. Grada Nova Gradiška is a local self-government unit that stands out as an example of thinking and leading local development. By founding and establishing an industrial park and technological incubator, the City of Nova Gradiška, with the use of EU funds, made a significant contribution to encouraging entrepreneurial initiatives, as well as creating new jobs and strengthening the local economy
Application of Twin row technology in maize sowing
No full textU rad su prikazani rezultati istraživanja u proizvodnji kukuruza te usporedba rezultata primjene standardne i Twin row sjetve. Istraživanja su provedena na pokušalištu Tenja u 2023. godini koristeći dva hibrida sjemenske kuće Pioneer – hibrid iz FAO grupe 490 P0217 i hibrid iz FAO grupe 400 P9944, koji su zasijani 11. travnja u optimalnom agrotehničkom roku. Standardna sjetva je izvedena pneumatskom sijačicom OLT s razmakom redova od 70 cm, dok je u Twin Row tehnologiji korištena sijačica MaterMacc s razmakom između dvostrukih redova od 22 cm. Na temelju rezultata može se utvrditi da je sjetva u udvojene redove rezultirala većim prinosom zrna kukuruza kod oba ispitivana hibrida kukuruza u usporedbi sa standardnom sjetvom. Povoljniji raspored sjemenki sjetvom u udvojene redove, rezultirao je povećanjem prinosa kod hibrida P0217 od 12,69 % ili +1 408 kg ha-1. Dobru prilagodbu na sjetvu u udvojene redove pokazao je i hibrid P9944 ostvarivši povećanje prinosa zrna od 1 316 kg ha-1 ili 9,66 %. Temeljem navedenog, za nastavak istraživanja primjene sjetve u udvojene redove, važan je izbor hibrida koji će u svojoj vegetaciji najpovoljnije iskoristiti povećanje vegetacijskog prostora tla kao i veću dostupnost sunčeve svjetlosti te vode tijekom ranih faza rasta i razvoja.The paper presents the results of research in corn production and a comparison of the results of standard and Twin row sowing. Research was conducted at the Tenja experimental site in 2023 using two hybrids from the Pioneer - a hybrid from FAO group 490 P0217 and a hybrid from FAO group 400 P9944, which were sown on April 11 in the optimal agrotechnical period. Standard sowing was performed with an OLT pneumatic sowing machine with a row spacing of 70 cm, while the Twin Row technology used a MaterMacc seed drill with a spacing between double rows of 22 cm. Based on the results, it can be determined that sowing in double rows resulted in a higher yield of maize grain in both tested maize hybrids compared to standard sowing. A more favorable distribution of seeds by sowing in double rows resulted in an increase in the yield of hybrid P0217 by 12.69% or +1,408 kg ha-1. Hybrid P9944 showed a good adaptation to sowing in double rows, achieving an increase in grain yield of 1,316 kg ha-1 or 9.66%. On the basis of the above, for the continuation of the research on the application of sowing in double rows, it is important to choose a hybrid that in its vegetation will most advantageously use the increase in the vegetation area of the soil as well as the greater availability of sunlight and water during the early stages of growth and development
The concept and development of a food bank in the Republic of Croatia
No full textIzazov za sve zemlje Europske unije tako i za Hrvatsku je riješiti problem prekomjernog bacanja hrane i nedovoljnog doniranja hrane. Optimizacijom procesa proizvodnje, distribucije, prerade i konzumacije dolazi do sprječavanja bacanja hrane te se izbjegava stvaranje viška hrane u svakoj fazi lanca opskrbe hranom. Pod pojmom banke hrane se definira čitav spektar dobrotvornih organizacija čija je svrha dugotrajna i organizirana inicijativa za pomoć potrebitima u pristupu hrani. Proizvođači hrane, poljoprivrednici, trgovci ali i sama država vide banke hrane kao vrijedno rješenje za upravljanje otpadom i troškove povezane s odlaganjem sigurne hrane.The challenge for all European Union countries, as well as for Croatia, is to solve the problem of excessive food waste and insufficient food donation. By optimizing the production, distribution, processing and consumption processes, food waste is prevented and excess food is avoided at every stage of the food supply chain. The term food bank defines a whole spectrum of charitable organizations whose purpose is a long-term and organized initiative to help the needy in accessing food. . Food producers, farmers, traders and the government itself see food banks as a valuable solution for waste management and the costs associated with safe food disposal
Herbicidal potential of invasive plant species on Theophrastus's nightshade ( Abutilon theophrasti Medik )
No full textCilj rada bio je utvrditi herbicidni potencijal vodenih ekstrakata dvije invazivne biljne vrste, kiselog ruja (Rhus typhina L.) i žljezdastog pajasena (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), na klijavost sjemena i rast klijanaca korovne vrste Teofrastov mračnjak (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.). U laboratorijskom pokusu istraženi su vodeni ekstrakti suhih listova u različitim koncentracijama (1%, 2,5% i 5 %). Klijavost sjemena i suha masa klijanaca Teofrastovog mračnjaka (A. theophrasti) nije bila inhibirana niti u jednom tretmanu. Primjena vodenih ekstrakata kiselog ruja (R. typhina) smanjila je duljinu korijena i izdanka, te svježu masu klijanaca. Vodeni ekstrakti žljezdastog pajasena (A. altissima) u višim koncentracijama smanjili su samo duljinu izdanka i svježu masu klijanaca. U prosjeku je kiseli ruj (R. typhina) imao jači inhibitorni potencijal od žljezdastog pajasena (A. altissima).The aim of the study was to determine herbicidal potential of water extracts of two invasive plant species, staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina L.) and tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), on seed germination and seedling growth of the weed species velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.). In a laboratory experiment, water extracts from dry leaves were investigated in different concentrations (1%, 2.5% and 5%). Seed germination and dry weight of velvetleaf (A. theophrasti) seedlings were not inhibited in any of the treatments. The application of staghorn sumac (R. typhina) water extracts inhibited root and shoot lenght, as well as the fresh weight of seedlings. Tree of heaven (A. altissima) water extracts in higher concentrations reduced only shoot length and fresh weight of seedlings. On average, staghorn sumac (R. typhina) showed stronger inhibitory potential compared to tree of heaven (A. altissima)
Nosemosis in the bee colony - comparison of infection of workers, drones, worker and drone brood with spores of nosemosis ( Nosema spp.)
No full textU svrhu pisanja diplomskog rada provedena je laboratorijska analiza uzoraka na prisutnost spora nozemoze s ciljem utvrĎivanja prosječnog broja zaraţenosti pčelinjeg i trutovskog legla, pčela radilica i trutova. U istraţivanju je bilo uključeno 10 košnica iz kojih su skupljeni uzorci. Broj pozitivnih uzoraka na prisustvo spora nozemoza kod odraslih pčela je deset, a kod pčelinjeg legla je tri, dok je kod odraslih trutova osam, a trutovskog legla jedan. Navedeni brojevi ukazuju na to da su odrasle jedinke osjetljivije na zaraţenost sporama. Broj spora kod odraslih trutova (780.000 ± 670.903) je značajno manji u odnosu na broj spora kod radilica (3.965.000 ± 2.288.989). S druge strane, nije utvrĎena statistički značajna razlika izmeĎu broja spora u leglu radilica (30.000 ± 53.748) i trutova (5.000 ± 15.811).For the purpose of writing the thesis, a laboratory analysis of samples for the presence of nosemosis spores was carried out with the aim of determining the average number of infected bee and drone brood, worker bees and drones. In total 10 hives from which samples were collected were included in the research. The number of positive samples for the presence of nosemosis spores in adult bees is ten, and in bee brood is three, while in adult drones it is eight, and drone brood is one. The above numbers indicate that adults are more susceptible to spore infection. The number of spores in adult drones (780,000 ± 670,903) is significantly lower than the number of spores in workers (3,965,000 ± 2,288,989). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between the number of spores in the brood of workers (30,000 ± 53,748) and drones (5,000 ± 15,811)
Analysis and comparasion of different telematic systems in agriculture
No full textDiplomski rad pod nazivom Analiza i usporedba različitih telematskih sustava u poljoprivredi bavi se proučavanjem uloge telematike u suvremenoj poljoprivredi. Telematski sustavi omogućuju prikupljanje i analizu podataka o usjevima, vremenskim uvjetima i radu strojeva, čime se optimizira upravljanje resursima i povećava produktivnost. U radu se analizira nekoliko vodećih sustava poput John Deere FarmSight, Claas Telematics, Miller, Teltonika, AFS Connect™ by Case IH, Trimble, i Fuse by AGCO. Svaki sustav ima specifične karakteristike, prednosti i nedostatke, od praćenja strojeva u realnom vremenu do optimizacije troškova i povećanja prinosa. Cilj je usporediti njihove ključne značajke kako bi se procijenio njihov doprinos efikasnosti i održivosti poljoprivrednih operacija. Rad naglašava važnost telematike u modernizaciji poljoprivredne prakse te zaključuje da primjena ovih tehnologija značajno unapređuje učinkovitost i održivost poljoprivredne proizvodnje.Masters's Thesis titled Analysis and Comparison of Various Telematic Systems in Agriculture explores the role of telematics in modern agriculture. Telematic systems enable the collection and analysis of data on crops, weather conditions, and machinery operations, thereby optimizing resource management and increasing productivity. The thesis analyzes several leading systems such as John Deere FarmSight, Claas Telematics, Miller, Teltonika, AFS Connect™ by Case IH, Trimble, and Fuse by AGCO. Each system has specific characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, ranging from real-time machine monitoring to cost optimization and yield increase. The goal is to compare their key features to assess their contribution to the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural operations. The thesis emphasizes the importance of telematics in the modernization of agricultural practices and concludes that the application of these technologies significantly improves the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural productio