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Diseases of wheat and barley on "P.O.Kalac"
No full textCilj diplomskog rada bio je opisati uzročnike patološkog oboljenja pšenice i ječma na „P.O. KALAC“ u vegetacijskoj sezoni 2023./2024., te opisati njihov tijek razvoja na usjevima i prezentirati obavljene mjere zaštite. Pšenica i ječam su uzgajani na ukupno 70,5 hektara na području općine Tompojevci koja se nalazi na istočnom dijelu Vukovarsko-srijemske županije. Pregledom usjeva pšenice utvrđena je prisutnost 5 uzročnika bolesti: Septoria tritici Rob. Et Desm., Puccinia recondita Dietel &Holw., Fusarium graminearum Schwabe., Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer, Pyrenophora tritici – repentis (Died.) Drechsler. Na usjevu ječma utvrđena je pojavnost 5 uzročnika bolesti: Pyrenophora teres Drechsler, Puccinia hordei G.H. Otth, Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) Davis, Ramularia collo-cygni Sutton & Waller, Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer. Od mjera zaštite protiv uzročnika bolesti osim agrotehničkih mjera korištena su dva fungicidna sredstva za zaštitu. Na usjevima pšenice provedena su tri tretmana fungicidima, prvi početkom vlatanja, drugi krajem vlatanja i treći tijekom cvatnje klasa. Usjev ječma tretiran je sa dva tretmana, prvi tijekom vlatanja i drugi krajem vlatanja.The aim of the thesis was to describe the causative agents of the pathological disease of wheat and barley at "P.O. KALAC" in the 2023/2024 growing season, and to describe the course of their development on the crops and to present the protection measures carried out. Wheat and barley are cultivated on a total of 70.5 hectares in the territory of the municipality of Tompojevci, which is located in the eastern part of the Vukovar-srijem county. An examination of the wheat crop revealed the presence of 5 pathogens: Septoria tritici Rob. Et Desm., Puccinia recondita Dietel &Holw., Fusarium graminearum Schwabe., Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer, Pyrenophora tritici – repentis (Died.) Drechsler. On the barley crop, the incidence of 5 pathogens was determined: Pyrenophora teres Drechsler, Puccinia hordei G.H. Otth, Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) Davis, Ramularia collo-cygni Sutton & Waller, Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer. In addition to agrotechnical measures, two fungicidal agents are used for protection against the causative agent of
disease. Three fungicide treatments were carried out on wheat crops, first at the beginning of tillering, second at the end of tillering and third during flowering of the ears. Barley crops were treated with two treatments, first during tillering and second at the end of tillering
Economic profitability of lavender production
No full textLavanda predstavlja mali aromatični grm. Njeno ime potječe od latinskog glagola lavare što znači kupati se.
Od lavande se mogu dobiti razni proizvodi poput eteričnog ulja, suhih cvjetova te lavandine vodice. Osim
eteričnog ulja i lavandine vodice od lavande se mogu dobiti suhi i svježi cvjetovi. Cilj ovog završnog rada je
utvrditi ekonomsku isplativost proizvodnje lavande i proizvoda od lavande. U radu je opisana lavanda, njen
uzgoj, tehnologija koja je potrebna za proizvodnju eteričnog ulja, suhih cvjetova i lavandine vodice te njihov
značaj. Na osnovu SWOT analize predstavljene su snage, slabosti, prilike i prijetnje proizvodnje. Proračunom
dobitka i gubitka je utvrđeno da uoči prve godine poslovanja bi postignuta dobit iznosila 7.865,50 eura, dok bi
u predstojećim godinama poslovanja profitabilnost rasla.Lavender is a small aromatic shrub. Its name derives from the Latin verb lavare, meaning “to wash” or “to
bathe”. Various products can be obtained from lavender, including essential oil, dried flowers, and lavender
hydrosol. In addition to essential oil and hydrosol, both dried and fresh flowers can be obtained from lavender.
The aim of this thesis is to determine the economic profitability of lavender cultivation and the production of
lavender-based products. The thesis describes lavender, its cultivation methods, the technology required for
the production of essential oil, dried flowers, and hydrosol, as well as their significance. Based on a SWOT
analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of production are presented. A profit and loss
calculation indicates that during the first year of operation, a profit of €7,865.50 would be achieved, with
profitability expected to increase in the following years
The role and importance of digital marketing when buying agri-food products
No full textDigitalni marketing postao je ključni alat u promociji poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda, omogućujući
proizvođačima direktan pristup potrošačima putem digitalnih platformi. Ovaj rad analizira percepciju potrošača
o digitalnom marketingu te njegovu ulogu u procesu donošenja odluka o kupovini. Istraživanje je provedeno
anketnom metodom na uzorku od 153 ispitanika iz Hrvatske i susjednih zemalja (Srbija, Bosna i Hercegovina).
Rezultati su pokazali da većina ispitanika preferira tradicionalne kanale kupovine poput supermarketa i tržnica,
dok je online kupovina još uvijek manje zastupljena. Unatoč tome, digitalni marketing, osobito putem
društvenih mreža, ima značajan utjecaj na informiranje i odluke potrošača. Također, istraživanje je ukazalo na
izazove poput nepovjerenja potrošača u online kupovinu poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda. Na temelju
rezultata, rad sugerira kako daljnja edukacija potrošača i optimizacija digitalnih marketinških strategija mogu
poboljšati prihvaćenost online kupovine u ovom sektoru.Digital marketing has become a key tool in promoting agri-food products, enabling producers to reach
consumers directly through digital platforms. This paper analyses consumer perceptions of digital marketing
and its role in the purchasing decision-making process. The research was conducted using a survey method on
a sample of 153 respondents from Croatia and neighbouring countries (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). The
results showed that most respondents still prefer traditional purchasing channels such as supermarkets and
farmers’ markets, while online shopping remains less prevalent. However, digital marketing, especially through
social media, significantly influences consumer awareness and decision-making. The study also highlighted
challenges such as consumer distrust towards online purchasing of agri-food products. Based on the findings,
the paper suggests that further consumer education and optimization of digital marketing strategies could
improve the acceptance of online shopping in this sector
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Schiff bases
No full textTlo ima važnu ulogu u očuvanju ekološke ravnoteže, proizvodnji hrane i održavanju zdravlja ekosustava. Međutim, ljudske aktivnosti, a posebno korištenje kemijskih sredstava za zaštitu bilja, često imaju negativan utjecaj na korisne mikroorganizme tla. Mikroorganizmi kao što su Bacillus mycoides i Bradyrhizobium japonicum sudjeluju u razgradnji organske tvari i fiksaciji dušika te su vrlo značajni za plodnost tla i održivost poljoprivrede. U ovom istraživanju ispitana je antibakterijska aktivnost deset kinazolinonskih Schiffovih baza koje se potencijalno mogu primijeniti u zaštiti bilja zbog svojih antimikrobnih svojstava. Testiranje je obavljeno metodom minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije (MIK) u rasponu od 1 do 512 μg mL-1. Rezultati su pokazali da nijedan od testiranih spojeva nije djelovao inhibitorno na ispitane bakterije. Također, nije utvrđena razlika u osjetljivosti između Gram-pozitivnih i Gram-negativnih bakterija. Ovakvi rezultati ukazuju kako Schiffove baze ne predstavljaju opasnost za korisne bakterije tla u ispitivanim koncentracijama i predstavljaju potencijalna ekološki prihvatljiva sredstva za zaštitu bilja. Buduća istraživanja bi trebala biti usmjerena na daljnju evaluaciju biološke aktivnosti kinazolinonskih Schiffovih baza i primjenu u stavrnim agreokološkim sistemima.Soil plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance, food production, and ecosystem health. However, human activities, particularly the use of chemical plant protection products, often have a negative impact on beneficial soil microorganisms. Microorganisms such as Bacillus mycoides and Bradyrhizobium japonicum are involved in the decomposition of organic matter and nitrogen fixation, making them essential for soil fertility and agricultural sustainability. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of ten quinazolinone Schiff bases, which have potential applications in plant protection due to their antimicrobial properties. The testing was conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, with a concentration range from 1 to 512 μg mL-1. The results showed that none of the tested compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on the two examined bacteria. Additionally, no difference in sensitivity was observed between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These findings suggest that Schiff bases do not pose a risk to beneficial soil bacteria at the tested concentrations and represent potential environmentally friendly agents for plant protection. Future research should focus on further evaluation of the biological activity of quinazolinone Schiff bases and their application in real agroecological systems
The influence of biostimulators on the herbicidal potential of basil ( Ocimum basilicum )
No full textCilj rada je bio istražiti utjecaj biostimulatora na herbicidni potencijal bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum). Utjecaj vodenih ekstrakata različitih koncentracija (1 %, 2,5 % i 5 %) pripremljenih od suhe mase bosiljka (O. basilicum), uzgajanog bez i uz uporabu biostimulatora, procijenjen je na klijavost i početni rast klijanaca korovne vrste Teofrastov mračnjak (Abutilion theophrasti). Rezultati su pokazali da klijavost sjemena i duljina korijena Teofrastovog mračnjaka (A. theophrasti) nije bila značajno inhibirana niti u jednom tretmanu. Duljina izdanka i svježa masa klijanaca Teofrastovog mračnjaka (A. theophrasti) značajno je inhibirana u svim tretmanima, a utjecaj je ovisio o koncentraciji vodenog ekstrakta te primjeni biostimulatora. U prosjeku su najveći negativni utjecaj imali vodeni ekstrakti pripremljeni od biljne mase bosiljka uzgajanog s pojedinačnom primjenom biostimulatora. Vodeni ekstrakti pokazli su negativni i pozitivni utjecaj na indeks vigora klijanaca (SVI) Teofrastovog mračnjaka (A. theophrasti).The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of biostimulants on the herbicidal potential of basil (Ocimum basilicum). The effect of water extracts of different concentrations (1%, 2.5% and 5%) prepared from the dry biomass of basil (O. basilicum), grown without and with the use of biostimulants, was evaluated on the germination and initial growth of seedlings of the weed velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). The results showed that seed germination and root length of velvetleaf (A. theophrasti) were not significantly inhibited in any treatment. Shoot length and fresh weight of seedlings of velvetleaf (A. theophrasti) were significantly inhibited in all treatments, and the effect depended on the concentration of the water extract and the application of the biostimulant. On average, the greatest negative effect was exerted by water extracts prepared from the plant mass of basil grown with an individual application of the biostimulant. Water extracts showed both negative and positive influence on the seedling vigor index (SVI) of velvetleaf (A. theophrasti)
Accounting obligations of family farms
No full textVođenjem poljoprivrednog gospodarstva, svaka fizička osoba ima potrebu provoditi i primjenjivati računovodstvene obveze koje se pred nju stavljaju. Potrebno je poznavati osnovne računovodstvene pojmove imovinu, kapital, obveze, prihode i rashode, također je potrebno poznavati i sustav Međunarodnog računovodstvenog standarda i ostalih zakonskih regulativa. Potrebno je prepoznati razliku i znati sve značajke financijskih izvještaja i poslovnih knjiga, te kako porezni sustavi utječu na vođenje poljoprivrednih gospodarstava. Posebnost poljoprivredne proizvodnje je i u sustavima vođenja poljoprivrednih gospodarstava, stoga su u radu predstavljene razlike između OPG-a i SOPG-a i razlike u njihovim računovodstvenim obvezama.By running an agricultural business, every natural person has the need to implement and apply the accounting obligations that are placed before him. It is necessary to know the basic accounting concepts of assets, capital, liabilities, income and expenses, it is also necessary to know the system of the International Accounting Standard and other legal regulations. It is necessary to recognize the difference and know all the features of financial statements and business books, and how tax systems affect the management of agricultural holdings. The specialty of agricultural production is also in the management systems of agricultural holdings, therefore the paper presents the differences between OPG and SOPG and the differences in their accounting obligations
Apoplectic wilting on the vine
No full textApoplektično venuće vinove loze jedno je od najstarijih opisanih bolesti vinove loze, koja tu kulturu prati od početaka njezina uzgoja. Riječ je o bolesti čije djelovanje uzrokuje naglo propadanje biljke, najčešće tijekom vegetativne sezone. Predstavlja značajan problem u vinogradarstvu jer može dovesti do iznenadnog smanjena prinosa i kvalitete grožđa kao i do velikih gospodarskih gubitaka. Etiologija apoplektičkog venuća je složena i povezana s različitim čimbenicima, uključujući stres izazvan sušom i visokim temperaturama, gljivične infekcije, nepravilnu rezidbu te mehanička oštećenja. Simptomi bolesti vidljivi su kroz naglo venuće lišća i izdanka te sušenje čitave biljke u kratkom vremenskom periodu. Dijagnoza bolesti temelji se na vizualnim pregledima i analizama u laboratoriju koje uključuju izoliranje patogena i molekularne metode. U preventivne mjere ubrajamo pravilnu agrotehniku, praćenje stanja u vinogradu, navodnjavanje i sadnju sorti koje imaju otpornost na stresne uvjete. Suzbijanje bolesti uključuje kombinaciju kemijskih, bioloških i mehaničkih mjera, uz primjene fungicida i uklanjanje zaraženih biljaka. Rad istražuje uzroke i simptome apoplektičnog venuća, s posebnim naglaskom na biotičke i abiotičke čimbenike. Analizirani su mehanizmi patogeneze, utjecaj na kvalitetu i prinos grožđa te suvremeni pristupi prevenciji i liječenju. Cilj rada je pružiti praktične preporuke za održivo upravljanje ovim problemom i očuvanje zdravlja vinograda.Apopleptic wilt of grapevine is one of the oldest described grapevine diseases, accompanying this crop since the beginning of its cultivation. It is a disease whose action causes the sudden decline of the plant, most often during the vegetative season. It represents a significant problem in viticulture as it can lead to a sudden decrease in yield and grape quality, as well as substantial economic losses. The etiology of apopleptic wilt is complex and associated with various factors, including stress caused by drought and high temperatures, fungal infections, improper pruning, and mechanical damage. Symptoms of the disease are visible through sudden wilting of leaves and shoots and drying of the entire plant within a short period. Diagnosis of the disease is based on visual inspections and laboratory analyses, which include pathogen isolation and molecular methods. Preventive measures include proper agricultural practices, monitoring of vineyard conditions, irrigation, and planting of varieties resistant to stressful conditions. Control of the disease involves a combination of chemical, biological, and mechanical measures, including the application of fungicides and the removal of infected plants. The paper investigates the causes and symptoms of apopleptic wilt, with special emphasis on biotic and abiotic factors. The mechanisms of pathogenesis, impact on grape quality and yield, and modern approaches to prevention and treatment are analyzed. The aim of this paper is to provide practical recommendations for sustainable management of this problem and the preservation of vineyard health
Influence of temperature and duration of lightning on the antifungal activity of essential oils
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj različitih temperatura (10, 20 i 30°C) i režima osvjetljenja (24 sata tama, 24 sata svjetlo i 12 sati svjetlo/12 sati tama) na volatilno djelovanje pet eteričnih ulja na fitopatogenu gljivu F. culmorum. Rezultati su pokazali da eterična ulja timijana, cimeta i anisa imaju izraženije antifungalno djelovanje na F. culmorum u usporedbi s eteričnim uljima bora i naranče slatke, koja su pokazala slabije antifungalne učinke. Također, utvrđeno je da eterična ulja bora i naranče slatke, pri višim koncentracijama i nižim temperaturama, pokazuju izraženije antifungalno djelovanje. Ova ulja također su pokazala izraženu temperaturnu osjetljivost, pri čemu je njihova učinkovitost bila smanjena s porastom temperature. U uvjetima stalne tame (24-satna tama), eterična ulja bora i naranče slatke pokazala su izraženije antifungalno djelovanje, što govori da su učinkovitija u odsutnosti svjetla.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different temperatures (10, 20 and 30°C) and lighting regimes (24 hours of darkness, 24 hours of light and 12 hours of light/12 hours of darkness) on the volatile antifungal activity of five essential oils on the phytopathogenic fungus F. culmorum. The results showed that thyme, cinnamon and anise essential oils had a more pronounced antifungal activity on F. culmorum compared to pine and sweet orange essential oils, which showed weaker antifungal effects. It was also found that pine and sweet orange essential oils, at higher concentrations and lower temperatures, showed a more pronounced antifungal activity. These oils also showed a pronounced temperature sensitivity, with their effectiveness decreasing with increasing temperature. Under conditions of constant darkness (24-hour darkness), pine and sweet orange essential oils showed more pronounced antifungal activity, indicating that they are more effective in the absence of light
Slovak communities in Croatian villages
No full textRad opisuje problematiku života slovačke nacionalne manjine u ruralnim prostorima Hrvatske, s fokusom na zajednice poput Josipovca Punitovačkog. Analiziraju se statistike, kulturni elementi, te rezultati intervjua s predsjednicom udruge. Cilj je utvrditi veličinu i značaj slovačke nacionalne manjine u Hrvatskoj, pokazati konkretne oblike djelovanja zajednice kroz primjer Matice Slovačke Josipovac, te istražiti kako Matica i ostale udruge djeluju na širu društvenu zajednicu.This thesis examines the life and integration of the Slovak national minority in rural areas of Croatia. Using statistical data and interviews, it focuses on cultural identity and community participation in places like Josipovac Punitovački. The objective is to determine the size and significance of the Slovak national minority in Croatia, to show specific forms of community activity through the example of Matica Slovačka Josipovac, and to investigate how Matica and other associations affect the wider social community
Short Food Supply Chains of Organic Producers in the Republic of Croatia
No full textCilj doktorskog rada je utvrditi percepciju proizvođača ekoloških poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda o ključnim čimbenicima koji usporavaju razvoj kratkih lanaca opskrbe (KLO), testirati čimbenike koji mogu doprinijeti uključivanju navedenih proizvođača u KLO te utvrditi razliku u spremnosti na planiranje povećanja proizvodnje između proizvođača koji su uključeni i onih koji nisu uključeni u KLO. Na temelju teorije neoendogenog razvoja i teorije socijalnog kapitala definirani su ključni konstrukti - sociodemografska obilježja, samoprocjena kompetencija ispitanika i njihove percipirane prednosti izravnog odnosa s potrošačima te je testiran njihov doprinos objašnjenju voljnosti ispitanika za sudjelovanje u KLO. Kvantitativno istraživanje provedeno je na uzorku od 374 proizvođača. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se prema percepciji ispitanika, KLO u RH razvijaju sporo, ponajviše zbog visoke razine birokracije i nedostatnih politika potpore.
Rezultati testiranja međusobnih odnosa između definiranih prediktora i njihovog doprinosa objašnjenju voljnosti proizvođača za sudjelovanje u KLO pokazala su da sociodemografska obilježja objašnjavaju 2% varijance voljnosti, pri čemu obrazovanje pokazuje značajan doprinos. Samoprocijenjene kompetencije objašnjavaju 13% varijance, gdje upravljačke i umreživačke kompetencije pozitivno doprinose voljnosti, dok poduzetničko-marketinške kompetencije imaju negativan doprinos, a suradničke kompetencije nisu statistički značajne. Percipirane prednosti izravnog odnosa s potrošačima objašnjavaju 9,2% varijance što znači da proizvođači koji bolje percipiraju prednosti izravnog kontakta s potrošačima pokazuju veću voljnost za uključivanje u KLO. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da proizvođači koji su aktivno uključeni u KLO, naspram onih koji nisu uključeni, statistički značajno, češće planiraju povećanje proizvodnje u budućem trogodišnjem razdoblju. Znanstveni doprinos ovog rada je u utvrđivanju percepcije proizvođača ekološke hrane o ključnim čimbenicima koji usporavaju razvoj KLO, kao i vrednovanju i objašnjenju odnosa između više različitih čimbenika - sociodemografskih karakteristika, samoprocjene kompetencija percepcije prednosti izravnog odnosa s potrošačima s voljnosti proizvođača za uključivanje u KLO. Ovim doktorskim radom dopunjuje se postojeća literatura i nudi temelje za buduće politike i prakse koje bi mogle unaprijediti ovo područje.The aim of the doctoral thesis is to determine the perception of producers of organic agricultural and food products on the key factors that slow down the development of short food supply chains (SFSCs), to test the factors that can contribute to the inclusion of the mentioned producers in SFSCs, and to determine the difference in readiness to plan an increase in production between producers who are involved and those who are not involved in SFSCs. Based on the theory of neo-endogenous development and the theory of social capital, key constructs were defined - sociodemographic characteristics, self-assessment of the competences of research participants and their perceived advantages of direct relations with consumers, and their contribution to explaining the willingness of research participants to participate in SFSCs was tested. Quantitatively, the research was conducted on a sample of 374 producers. The results of the research show that according to the perception of the participants, SFSCs in the Republic of Croatia are developing slowly, mostly due to the high level of bureaucracy and insufficient support policies. The results of testing the mutual relations between the defined predictors and their contribution to the explanation of producers' willingness to participate in SFSCs showed that sociodemographic characteristics explain 2% of the variance of willingness, where education shows a significant contribution. Self-assessed competencies explain 13% of the variance, where management and networking competencies contribute positively to willingness, while entrepreneurial-marketing competencies have a negative contribution, and collaborative competencies are not statistically significant. Perceived benefits of direct contact with consumers explain 9.2% of the variance, which means that producers who better perceive the benefits of direct contact with consumers show a greater willingness to engage in SFSCs. The results of the research showed that producers who are actively involved in SFSCs, compared to those who are not involved, statistically significantly, more often plan to increase production in the future three-year period. The scientific contribution of this work is in determining the perception of organic food producers about the key factors that slow down the development of SFSCs, as well as evaluating and explaining the relationship between several different factors - sociodemographic characteristics, self-assessment of competences, the perception of the advantages of direct relations with consumers and the willingness of producers to be involved in SFSCs. This doctoral thesis complements the existing literature and offers a foundation for future policies and practices that could advance this field