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Rapeseed production family farm
No full textU ovom radu analizirana je proizvodnja uljane repice na OPG-u „ Ivan Zetović”. Korišteni su podaci o srednjim temperaturnim vrijednostima i količini oborina karakteristični za 2020. i 2023. godinu. Na osnovu tih podataka izrađene su tablice te prikazan uvid u proizvodnju, njezine mane i prednosti za tu godinu. Uljana repica jako dobro uspijeva u istočnoj Hrvatskoj, ali problem stvara sve češća pojava štetnika, ose listarice i repičinog sjajnika, za koju su zabranjeni djelotvorni insekticidi, poput Nurell D, sa aktivnom tvari Klorpirifos-etil 500 g/l + cipermetrin 50 g/l. Zbog toga parcele na kojima se uzgaja uljana repica se smanjuju, te se traže nove, uz već postojeće (pšenica, ječam, kukuruz, suncokret) manje zahtjevne kulture za uzgoj poput boba.In this paper, the production of oilseed rape at OPG "Ivan Zetović" is analyzed. The data on average temperature values and the amount of precipitation characteristic for the years 2020 and 2023 were used. Based on this data, tables were created and an insight into production, its shortcomings and advantages for that year was presented. Oilseed rape grows very well in eastern Croatia, but the problem is caused by the increasingly frequent occurrence of pests, the leaf wasp and the rapeseed weevil, for which effective insecticides, such as Nurell D, with the active substance Chlorpyrifos-ethyl 500 g/l + cypermethrin 50 g/l, are prohibited. For this reason, the plots on which oilseed rape is grown are decreasing, and new, in addition to existing (wheat, barley, corn, sunflower) less demanding crops such as broad beans are being sought
Uloga agronoma u digitalizaciji poljoprivrede u Hrvatskoj
No full textA survey was conducted to analyse the current state of theoretical knowledge, the general perception of the
ongoing digital transformation of Croatian agriculture and the assessment of respondents as potential key
stakeholders. The survey, in the form of an online questionnaire, included a sample of 80 respondents (n = 80),
who were agronomists, regardless of age and profession. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 35 open and
closed questions. The first set of questions focused on obtaining demographic and socio-economic information
about the respondents, which formed the basis for interpreting the rest of the data. For example, how the last year
of completion of the highest level of education correlates with the perceived limiting factors of the digitalization
of Croatian agriculture, the ability to participate in the process of digitalization of Croatian agriculture based on
gender, etc. The data obtained from the online questionnaire was analysed using the statistical software package
IBM SPSS Statistics V26. Percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviations and frequencies were used to
describe the sample using descriptive statistics. The data was also analysed using parametric tests, such as t-test
for independent samples and one-way ANOVA).Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se analizirao trenutni stupanj teorijskog znanja, opća percepcija digitalne
transformacije hrvatske poljoprivrede koja je u tijeku te kako sebe vide kao potencijalne ključne dionike. Anketa
u obliku online upitnika imala je uzorak od 80 ispitanika (n = 80) koji su bili agronomi, bez obzira na dob i
zanimanje. Upitnik se sastojao od ukupno 35 otvorenih i zatvorenih pitanja. Prvi set pitanja bio je usmjeren na
dobivanje demografskih i socioekonomskih podataka o ispitanicima, koji su bili temelj za interpretaciju daljnjih
podataka. Primjerice, kako zadnja godina završene najviše razine obrazovanja korelira s percipiranim
ograničavajućim čimbenicima digitalizacije hrvatske poljoprivrede, sposobnost sudjelovanja u procesu
digitalizacije hrvatske poljoprivrede na temelju spola itd. Podaci dobiveni iz online upitnika analiziran je pomoću
statističkog programskog paketa IBM SPSS Statistics V26. Postoci, aritmetičke sredine, standardne devijacije i
frekvencije korišteni su za opis uzorka pomoću deskriptivne statistike. Podaci su također analizirani pomoću
parametarskih testova, kao što su t-test nezavisnih uzoraka i jednosmjerna ANOVA
Characteristics and trends in the market of beer and beer raw materials in the Republic of Croatia
No full textU radu će se koristiti literatura iz područja tržišta, cijena i vanjske trgovine te baze podataka za analizu trendova u proizvodnji piva i pivskih sirovina. Glavna metoda bit će komparacija, koja uspoređuje tržišna kretanja četiri ključne sirovine piva u Hrvatskoj kroz 10 godina. Zaključeno je da Hrvatska bilježi rast u uzgoju ječma, čime zadovoljava potrebe domaće pivarske industrije, no uzgoj hmelja zaostaje, što zahtijeva dodatna ulaganja u poljoprivredni sektor. Republika Hrvatska prati globalne trendove u pivarskoj industriji, no za dugoročnu konkurentnost potrebna su daljnja ulaganja u nove tehnologije. Ključno je osigurati tržišni prostor za male pivovare koje obogaćuju domaću pivsku scenu svojim inovativnim pristupom. Unaprjeđenje craft scene može doprinijeti razvoju lokalnog gospodarstva i potaknuti turizam. Ova ravnoteža između velikih i malih proizvođača ključna je za raznolikost ponude piva i zadovoljstvo potrošača. Ulaganja u istraživanje, razvoj novih pivskih stilova i održive metode proizvodnje osigurat će dugoročnu konkurentnost hrvatske pivarske industrije u globalnom okruženju.The paper will use literature from the fields of market, prices, and foreign trade, as well as databases for analyzing trends in beer production and brewing raw materials. The main method will be comparison, which evaluates market trends of four key beer raw materials in Croatia over a 10-year period. It has been concluded that Croatia is experiencing growth in barley cultivation, thereby meeting the needs of the domestic brewing industry, but hop cultivation lags behind, which requires additional investments in the agricultural sector. The Republic of Croatia follows global trends in the brewing industry, but for long-term competitiveness, further investments in new technologies are needed. It is crucial to secure market space for small breweries that enrich the local beer scene with their innovative approaches. Enhancing the craft scene can contribute to the development of the local economy and boost tourism. This balance between large and small producers is key to the diversity of beer offerings and consumer satisfaction. Investments in research, development of new beer styles, and sustainable production methods will ensure the long-term competitiveness of the Croatian brewing industry in a global environment
Learning theory in horse training
No full textCilj ovoga rada je prikazati pregled primjene teorije učenja u praktičnoj obuci sportskih konja, kroz napretke i prepreke u radu te razlike u metodama treninga konja kroz stoljeća napretkom psihologije i znanstvenim spoznajama određenih razdoblja. Teorija učenja konja podrazumijeva način na koji konjski mozak usvaja nova znanja te se bavi metodama i principima treninga konja kako bi se postigli željeni oblici ponašanja i reakcije. Teorija učenja dijeli se na neasocijativno učenje (navikavanje i senzibilizacija) i asocijativno učenje (klasično i operantno učenje-dicioniranje). Primjena teorije učenja modernizirala je metode treniranja određenih vrsta životinja te je trenerima konja omogućila i ubrzala proces učenja, a da u isto vrijeme održava dobrobit životinja. Potrebno je više istraživanja u tim područjima, kako bi polje znanosti o radu s konjima napredovalo i poboljšalo jasnoću i korištenje procesa učenja. Tehnike se mogu u velikoj mjeri preklapati i mogu se koristiti istovremeno. Optimalna uporaba teorije učenja treba biti uspostavljena kao temeljno načelo rada s konjima.The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the application of learning theory in the practical training of sport horses, through the advancements and obstacles encountered, as well as the differences in training methods for horses over the centuries as psychology has progressed and scientific knowledge has evolved in various periods. The learning theory for horses encompasses how the equine brain acquires new knowledge and examines the methods and principles of horse training in order to achieve desired behaviors and responses. Learning theory is divided into non-associative learning (habituation and sensitization) and associative learning (classical and operant conditioning). The application of learning theory has modernized the training methods for certain types of animals and has facilitated and accelerated the learning process for horse trainers while simultaneously ensuring the well-being of the animals. More research is needed in these areas to advance the field of equine science and improve the clarity and application of learning processes. Techniques can significantly overlap and can be used simultaneously. The optimal use of learning theory should be established as a fundamental principle in working with horses
Productions and sales orienation of agricultural producers in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textPandemija Covid-19 utjecala je na sve gospodarske sektore pa tako i na poljoprivredu. Rezultati istraživanja utjecaja pandemije bolesti Covid-19 na hrvatski poljoprivredni sektor pokazali su promjene u proizvodnji, s naglaskom na lokalnu i domaću proizvodnju. Također, došlo je do promjena i inovacija u distribuciji što je potaknulo rast online prodaje poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Tradicionalni prodajni kanali su se prilagodili, a online platforme i lokalne inicijative postale su važni pokretači transformacije. Istraživanje se fokusiralo na poljoprivrednike u Slavoniji i Baranji, prikupljajući njihove stavove o utjecaju pandemije, te načine proizvodnje i distribucije. Zaključeno je da su poljoprivrednici pokazali otpornost i inovativnost, što je temelj za budući razvoj i održivost sektora.The Covid-19 pandemic affected all economic sectors, including agriculture. The results of a study on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Croatian agricultural sector showed changes in production, with an emphasis on local and domestic production. Additionally, there have been changes and innovations in distribution have driven the growth of online sales of agricultural products. Traditional sales channels have adapted, while online platforms and local initiatives have become important drivers of transformation. The study focused on farmers in Slavonia and Baranja, gathering their views on the impact of the pandemic, as well as their methods of production and distribution. It was concluded that farmers have demonstrated resilience and innovation, which forms the foundation for the future development and sustainability of the sector
Development of agriculture and entrepreneurship in the area of the City of Nova Gradiška
No full textOvaj završni rad prikazuje razvoj i unaprjeđeenje poljoprivrede i poduzetništva na području Grada Nove Gradiške. Raspravlja se o razvoju poduzetničkog i poljoprivrednog okruženja na području Grada, te opisuje razvojne procese pomoću deskriptivne i komparativne analize podtaka. Razvoj poljprivrede i poduzetništva predstavlja snagu razvoja šireg lokalnog područja. Grad Nova Gradiška je jedinica lokalne samouprave koja se ističe kao primjer promišljanja i vođenja lokalnog razvoja. Osnivanjem i uspostavom industrijskog parka i tehnološkog inkubatora Grad Nova Gradiška, uz korištenje sredstava EU fondova, učinila je značajan doprinos poticanju poduzetničkih inicijativa, kao i stvaranju novih radnih mjesta te jačanju lokalne ekonomije.This final paper shows the development and improvement of agriculture and entrepreneurship in the area of the City of Nova Gradiška. The development of the entrepreneurial and agricultural environment in the City area is discussed, and development processes area described using descriptive and comparative date analysis. The development of agriculture and entrepreneurship represents the strength of the development of the wider local area. Grad Nova Gradiška is a local self-government unit that stands out as an example of thinking and leading local development. By founding and establishing an industrial park and technological incubator, the City of Nova Gradiška, with the us of EU funds, made a significant contribution to encouraging entrepreneurial initiatives, as well as creating new jobs and strengthening the local economy
ANTAGONISM BETWEEN THE BENEFIT FUNGI TRICHODERMA SPP. AND CAUSES OF DISEASE OF CULTURAL PLANTS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
No full textCilj diplomskog rada bio je dokazati antagonizam između biopreparata koji sadrži 4 podvrste
benefitne bakterije Trichoderma spp. i patogenih gljivica i bakterija u laboratorijskim uvjetima. Ispitivano je
antagonističko djelovanje benefitne gljive Trichoderma spp. na sljedeće mikroorganizme: Pseudomonas
syringae, Cercospora beticola, Alternaria alternata i Rhizoctonia solani.
Također, ispitani su i konkurentsko - kompetetivni odnosi između mikroorganizama Azospirillum brasilense i
Beauveria bassiana, te endomikoriznih gljiva između Beauveria bassiana i Bacillus thuringiensis.
Nakon provedenog istraživanja možemo zaključiti da Trichoderma spp. ima antagonističko djelovanje na sve
bakterijske vrste s kojima je rađen antibiogram.
Gljive roda Trichoderma imaju značajnu ulogu u poljoprivredi kao biokontrolni agensi protiv biljnih
patogena. Njihove sposobnosti inducirane sustavne otpornosti, kontrola patogena i povećanje prinosa biljaka
čine ih ključnim za održavanje zdravlja tla i biljaka. Primjena komercijalnih pripravaka koji sadrže vrste
Trichoderma može pomoći u obnovi zdravlja tla, smanjenju mobilnosti patogenih mikroorganizama te
poboljšanju kvalitete tla. Njihova sposobnost inhibicije rasta i razvoja drugih mikroorganizama putem
konkurencije za nutrijente, produkciju enzima i proizvodnju antimikrobnih tvari čini ih korisnima za kontrolu
bolesti u tlu te za poticanje rasta biljaka.The aim of this thesis was to prove the antagonism between a bio-preparation containing 4
subspecies of beneficial bacteria Trichoderma spp. and pathogenic fungi and bacteria in laboratory conditions.
The antagonistic effect of the beneficial fungus Trichoderma spp. was examined on the following
microorganismms:. Pseudomonas syringae, Cercospora beticola, Alternaria alternata i Rhizoctonia solani.
Additionally, the competitive relationships between microorganisms Azospirillum brasilense and Beauveria
bassiana, as well as between endomycorrhizal fungi between Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis
were also investigated. After the research, it can be concluded that Trichoderma spp. has an antagonistic
effect on all bacterial species tested in the antibiogram study.
Trichoderma fungi play a significant role in agriculture as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. Their
abilities in inducing systemic resistance, controlling pathogens, and increasing plant yields make them crucial
for maintaining soil and plant health. The application of commercial preparations containing Trichoderma
species can help in restoring soil health, reducing the mobility of pathogenic microorganisms, and improving
soil quality. Their ability to inhibit the growth and development of other microorganisms through
competition for nutrients, enzyme production, and antimicrobial substance production make them useful for
disease control in soil and for promoting plant growth
ROBOTS FOR HARVESTING VEGETABLE CULTURES
No full textRoboti za berbu povrtlarskih kultura predstavljaju tehnološki napredak koji značajno mijenja
poljoprivredu automatizacijom procesa berbe. Ovi roboti koriste napredne senzore i kamere za prepoznavanje
zrelih plodova, što im omogućava da precizno i učinkovito ubiru povrće bez oštećenja. Time se smanjuje
potreba za ručnim radom, povećava brzina berbe i smanjuju troškovi rada. Roboti se mogu prilagoditi
različitim vrstama povrća, što omogućava njihovu upotrebu u različitim uvjetima.Robots for harvesting vegetable crops represent a technological advance that significantly
changes agriculture by automating the harvesting process. These robots use advanced sensors and cameras to
identify ripe fruits, which allows them to precisely and efficiently harvest vegetables without damage. This
reduces the need for manual work, increases the speed of harvesting and reduces labor costs. The robots can
be adapted to different types of vegetables, which enables their use in different conditions
Grapavine protection agains diseases on family farm Cipar Ivan
No full textVinograd OPG-a Cipar Ivan zasađen je 2006. godine u mjestu Bartolovci, a nalazi se na površini od 0,2 ha. Velikom većinom površine se uzgaja stolna sorta grožđa kardinal. U 2023. godini je praćena pojava bolesti na vinovoj lozi i u skladu s time se odabrao program zaštite. U radu su opisane najčešće bolesti koje se javljaju na vinovoj lozi. Za vrijeme vegetacije vinograd je tretiran 12 puta, a tretiranje se provodilo od ožujka do srpnja. Bolesti koje su se javljale nisu znatno utjecale na prinos grožđa.The vineyard of OPG Cipar Ivan was planted in 2006 in the village of Bartolovci, and is located on an area of 0,2 ha. The vast majority of the area is cultivated with the table grape variety cardinal. In 2023, the appearance of disease on the vines was monitored and a protection program was chosen accordingly. The paper describes the most common diseases that occur on grapevines. During the growing season, the vineyard was treated 12 times, and the treatment was carried out from march to july. The diseases that occured did not significantly affect the grape yield
Effectiveness of mycorrhiza in mitigating the effects of abiotic stress on the growth and morphological properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
No full textZelena salata (Lactuca sativa L.) je široko rasprostranjena povrtlarska kultura koju karakterizira bogata nutritivna vrijednost zahvaljujući visokom sadržaju vode, karotenoida, vitamina C i E te raznih sekundarnih metabolita koji imaju pozitivan utjecaj na zdravlje ljudi. Može se uzgajati kao jednogodišnja ili dvogodišnja biljka, a zahvaljujući kratkom vegetacijskom ciklusu te specifičnim morfološkim karakteristikama osjetljiva je na abiotske stresne čimbenike prisutne tijekom rasta i razvoja. Abiotski stresni čimbenici mogu značajno utjecati na nutritivnu vrijednost, morfološke karakteristike i elemente prinosa zelene salate. Brojna istraživanja ukazuju na mogućnost smanjenja štetnih utjecaja navedenih čimbenika primjenom mikoriznih pripravaka u biljnoj proizvodnji, odnosno uzgoju zelene salate. Prema brojnim dosadašnjim istraživanjima, mikoriza, zahvaljujući simbiotskoj vezi između korijena biljke i hife gljiva, ima pozitivan utjecaj na rast i razvoj biljaka, kvalitetu prinosa i tla. Primjenom mikoriznih pripravaka u uzgoju zelene salate moguće je povećati tolerantnost biljaka na nepovoljne abiotske čimbenike čime se ostvajuju stabilniji i kvalitetniji prinosi uz doprinos u poboljšanju fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava tla i održivosti poljoprivredne proizvodnje.Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a widespread vegetable crop characterised by a rich nutritional value due to its high content of water, carotenoids, vitamins C and E and various secondary metabolites that positively impact human health. It can be grown as an annual or biennial plant. Due to its short vegetation cycle and specific morphological traits, it is sensitive to abiotic stress factors present during growth and development. Abiotic stress factors can significantly affect lettuce's nutritional value, morphological traits and yield elements. Numerous studies indicate the possibility of reducing the harmful effects of the mentioned factors by applying mycorrhizal fungi preparations in plant production, i.e. growing lettuce. According to multiple previous studies, mycorrhiza, with the help of the symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungal hyphae, positively influences the growth and development of plants, yield and soil quality. By applying mycorrhizal preparations in the cultivation of lettuce, it is possible to increase the tolerance of plants to harmful abiotic factors, which results in more stable and better yields with a contribution to improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the sustainability of agricultural production