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Physical-chemical indicators of egg quality from different types of poultry
No full textJaja predstavljanju nutritivno visoko vrijednu animalnu namirnicu, a mogu biti rasplodna ili
konzumna. Rasplodna jaja moraju biti oplođena za razliku od konzumnih. Neovisno da li je jaje rasplodno ili
konzumno na njemu se može odrediti kvaliteta. Kvaliteta jaja ovisi o različitim vanjskim i unutarnjim
pokazateljima. Vanjski pokazatelji su vezani za oblik i veličinu jaja, te kvalitetu ljuske, dok su unutarnji vezani
za kvalitetu bjelanjka i žumanjka. Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati vanjske i unutarnje pokazatelje kvalitete jaja
različitih vrsta peradi (kokoš, fazan, prepelica, pura, patka i guska). Od pokazatelja kvalitete analizirani su:
dužina jaja, širina jaja, indeks oblika, masa jaja, masa žumanjka, masa bjelanjka, masa ljuske, čvrstoća ljuske,
debljina ljuske, visina bjelanjka, Haughove jedinice, boja žumanjka, visina žumanjka, promjer žumanjka,
indeks žumanjka, pH bjelanjka i pH žumanjka. Osim navedenih pokazatelja u žumanjcima jaja različitih vrsta
peradi analizirani su i profili masnih kiselina kao i stupanj oksidacije masti, te su izračunati nutritivni indeksi.Eggs are nutritionally valuable animal food, and can be used for breeding or consumption. Breeding
eggs must be fertilized, unlike consumption eggs. Regardless of whether the egg is for breeding or
consumption, its quality can be determined. Egg quality depends on various external and internal indicators.
The external indicators are related to the shape and size of the egg, and the quality of the shell, while the internal
indicators are related to the quality of the egg white and yolk. The aim of this work was to analyze external
and internal indicators of egg quality of different types of poultry (hen, pheasant, quail, turkey, duck and goose).
The following quality indicators were analyzed: egg length, egg width, shape index, egg mass, yolk mass, egg
white mass, shell mass, shell strength, shell thickness, egg white height, Haugh units, yolk color, yolk height,
yolk diameter, yolk index , pH of egg white and pH of yolk. In addition to the above indicators, the profiles of
fatty acids and the degree of fat oxidation were analyzed in egg yolks of different types of poultry, and
nutritional indices were calculated
The influence of the sowing system on the yield and quality of corn silage
No full textU znanstvenom radu prikazani su ostvareni rezultati dobiveni primjenom dvije različite tehnologije sjetve silažnog kukuruza Mikado. Istraživanja su provedena tijekom 2023. godine, a za sjetve u udvojene redove korištena je sijačica MaterMacc Twin Row-2. Kod sjetve obavljene na standardni način utvrđen je prosječan broj biljaka ha-1 od 73 840 komada, a kod sjetve u udvojene redove od svega 57 600 komada s koeficijentom varijacije koji je iznosio 4,65 %. Utvrđena razlika kod prosječnih vrijednosti sklopova iznosila je 16 240 biljaka. Prinos ukupne mase pri standardnom načinu sjetve iznosio je 55 638 kg ha-1 odnosno sadržaj suhe tvari iznosio je 16 393,59 kg ha-1. Međutim kod sjetve u udvojene redove prinos ukupne mase bio je manji za 6 577 kg ha-1. Isto tako primjećen je i pad suhe tvari od 487,15 kg ha-1. Pad prinosa bio je i očekivan jer je pri sjetvi ostvaren znato manji sklop biljaka po hektaru.The scientific paper presents the results achieved by applying two different technologies for sowing Mikado silage corn. The research was conducted during 2023, and the MaterMacc Twin Row-2 seeder was used for sowing in double rows. The average number of plants per ha-1 of 73,840 plants per ha-1 was determined when sowing in the standard way, and only 57,600 plants were planted in double rows with a coefficient of variation of 4.65%. The determined difference in the average values of the assemblages was 16,240 plants. The total mass yield with the standard sowing method was 55,638 kg ha-1, that is, the dry matter content was 16,393.59 kg ha-1. However, when sowing in double rows, the total mass yield was lower by 6,577 kg ha-1. A drop in dry matter of 487.15 kg ha-1 was also noticed. The drop off in yield was expected, as a much smaller set of plants per hectare was achieved during sowing
Gin production in Croatia
No full textU radu su opisane glavne komponente procesa proizvodnje džina, s naglaskom na istu proizvodnju u Republici Hrvatskoj. Džin se ubraja u jaka alkoholna pića, a proizvodi se od etilnog alkohola aromatiziranog bobicama borovice (Juniperus communis, L.) s dodatkom drugih botaničkih biljaka poput sjemenki korijandera, kore citrusa, korijena anđelike i začina. U posljednjih nekoliko godina potražnja za džinom je u porastu. Do 2015. godine, džin se nije proizvodio u značajnoj mjeri u Hrvatskoj. Popularnost džina značajno je porasla nakon tog razdoblja, što je dovelo do otvaranja mnogih novih destilerija. Broj proizvođača je od 2015. porastao s 5 na više od 30 do 2020., a taj trend rasta nastavio se i kasnije, potaknut globalnim interesom za džin i koktele, kao i lokalnim specifičnostima poput mediteranskih aroma. Očekuje se da će tržište džina u Hrvatskoj i dalje rasti, s predviđenim porastom prihoda i količine. Proizvodnja džina u Republici Hrvatskoj ima svjetlu budućnost.The paper describes the main components of the gin production process, with an emphasis on the same production in the Republic of Croatia. Gin is classified as a strong alcoholic drink, and it is produced from ethyl alcohol flavored with juniper berries (Juniperus communis, L.) with the addition of other botanicals such as coriander seeds, citrus peel, angelica root and spices. In the last few years, the demand for gin has been on the rise. Until 2015, gin was not produced on a significant scale in Croatia. The popularity of gin increased significantly after this period, leading to the opening of many new distilleries. The number of producers grew from 5 to more than 30 by 2020 from 2015, and this growth trend continued later, driven by global interest in gin and cocktails, as well as local specificities such as Mediterranean aromas. It is expected that the gin market in Croatia will continue to grow, with an expected increase in revenue and volume. Gin production in the Republic of Croatia has a bright future
Artifical intelligence in pig production
No full textUmjetna inteligencija sve više igra ključnu ulogu u modernoj svinjogojskoj proizvodnji, poboljšavajući efikasnost, zdravlje životinja i profitabilnost. Neke od glavnih promjena umjetne inteligencije u ovoj industriji uključuju: praćenje zdravlja svinja pomoću kamera, senzora i analitike podataka koju koriste za praćenje ponašanja i zdravlja svinja, optimizaciju hranidbe, automatizacija u proizvodnji, upravljanje genetikom te optimizaciju okolišnih uvjeta na način da prati uvjete u stajama i automatski prilagođava postavke kako bi se osigurali optimalni uvjeti za rast i zdravlje svinja.Artificial intelligence is increasingly playing a key role in moder pig farming, improving efficiency, animal health and profitability. Some of the main applications of artificial intelligence in this industry include: health monitoring of pigs using cameras, sensors and dana analytics to monitor the behavior and health of pigs, feed optimization, automation in production, genetic management and optimization of environmental where AI systems monitor conditions in barns and automatically adjust settings to ensure optimal conditions for pig growth and health
Soybean cultivation in different sowing dates at OPG Prša
No full textSoja je vrlo važna industrijska kultura jer se od nje dobivaju visoko kvalitetne bjelančevine i ulje. Svoju primjenu pronalazi u ishrani ljudi, te u ishrani brojnih životinja. U posljednje vrijeme površine pod sojom se značajno povećavaju. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi odnos između vremena sjetve i prinosa soje. Analizirani su rezultati u razdoblju od 2019. do 2023. godine u redovnoj i postrnoj sjetvi. Također uspoređeni su i načini obrade tla, gnojidbe, zaštite i sortiment. Najbolja godina za proizvodnju soje u redovnoj sjetvi bila je 2021. kada je ostvaren prosječan prinos od 5,3 tona t/ha, a najbolja godina za postrnu soju bila je 2023, kada je ostvaren prinos od 3,3 t/ha.Soybean is very important industrial crop because we get high-quality proteins and oil from it. Soybean finds its application in human nutrition and the nutrition of numerous animals. Recently, there has been a great expansion in soybean cultivation areas. This research aims to analyze the relationship between sowing time and soybean yield. Data from 2019 to 2023 were analyzed, comparing optimal and late sowings. Furthermore, the study examined various methods of soil preparation, fertilization, pest protection, and soybean varietals. The year 2021 was identified as the most productive for optimal sowing period, with an average yield of 5.3 t/ha, whereas 2023 yielded the highest for late sowing, with 3.3 t/ha
Special jobs in foreign trade business
No full textDiplomski rad Posebni poslovi u vanjskotrgovinskom poslovanju detaljno analizira ključne instrumente i modele međunarodne trgovine koji poduzećima omogućuju optimizaciju poslovnih procesa, smanjenje rizika te postizanje konkurentske prednosti na globalnom tržištu. Poseban fokus stavljen je na financijske instrumente poput forfaitinga, faktoringa, switch poslova, reeksporta, leasinga i kompenzacijskih poslova, koji su neophodni za osiguranje likvidnosti, minimiziranje financijskih rizika te olakšavanje složenih i dugoročnih međunarodnih transakcija. Rad pruža temeljitu analizu pravnih i financijskih aspekata ovih instrumenata, njihovih mehanizama i primjene u poslovnoj praksi, uz naglašenu ulogu banaka u osiguravanju stabilnosti i sigurnosti tih poslova. Posebna pažnja posvećena je prednostima i nedostacima svakog od instrumenata, ovisno o specifičnim tržišnim uvjetima, potrebama i ciljevima poduzeća. Zaključak rada naglašava da posebni poslovi vanjskotrgovinskog poslovanja imaju ključnu ulogu u osiguravanju konkurentnosti poduzeća na globalnom tržištu, omogućujući im veću fleksibilnost, učinkovitost i prilagodljivost u poslovanju u dinamičnom i sve složenijem međunarodnom okruženju.Master's Thesis Special jobs in foreign trade business provides a detailed analysis of key instruments and models in international trade that enable companies to optimize business processes, reduce risks, and achieve competitive advantage in the global market. Special focus is placed on financial instruments such as forfaiting, factoring, switch transactions, re-export, leasing, and compensation deals, which are essential for ensuring liquidity, minimizing financial risks, and facilitating complex and long-term international transactions. The thesis offers a thorough analysis of the legal and financial aspects of these instruments, their mechanisms, and practical application, with particular emphasis on the role of banks in ensuring the stability and security of these transactions. Special attention is given to the advantages and disadvantages of each instrument, depending on specific market conditions, the needs, and goals of the company. The conclusion highlights that special operations in foreign trade play a crucial role in ensuring the competitiveness of companies in the global market, providing them with greater flexibility, efficiency, and adaptability in navigating the dynamic and increasingly complex international business environment
Analysis of the Croatian olive oil market
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je analizirati stanje hrvatskog i svjetskog tržišta maslinovog ulja. Analizom je zaključeno da proizvodnja maslina i maslinovog ulja u RH i EU značajno oscilira, dok površine pod maslinama bilježe blagi porast. Hrvatska nije potpuno samodostatna u proizvodnji maslinovog ulja i zato mora uvoziti određene količine. To možemo zaključiti iz promatranog razdoblja od 2013. do 2022. godine gdje je prikazana negativna bilanca, unatoč tome što se povećao izvoz i ukupna vrijednost izvoza maslinovog ulja. Najviše maslinovog ulja uvozimo iz Italije, Španjolske te Belgije, dok najviše izvozimo u Bosnu i Hercegovinu, Srbiju, Sloveniju te Crnu Goru. Cijena stolne masline, djevičanskog i ekstra djevičanskog maslinovog ulja, oscilira kroz analizirano razdoblje od 10 godina, dok u EU cijena se značajno razlikuje u odnosu na cijenu u Hrvatskoj, a razlog tome je što Hrvatska ima manji broj posađenih površina u odnosu na druge Europske države. Potrošnja maslinovog ulja u Hrvatskoj je znatno niža u odnosu na druge Mediteranske zemlje, kao što su Grčka, Španjolska i Italija. Razlog tome mogu biti kulturne razlike. Također, utjecaj marketinških kampanja i promocije maslinovog ulja mogu igrati ulogu u poticanju njegove konzumacije. Manifestacije su jedan od oblika promicanja maslina i maslinovog ulja koje se održavaju cijele godine diljem Hrvatske. U ovom radu za primjer je navedena manifestacija ,,Noćnjak'' koja se već dugi niz godina održava te služi za promicanje proizvođača, prerađivača, oglašivača i dr. Značajna prodaja maslinovog ulja u Hrvatskoj ostvaruje se kroz klasične prodajne kanale, te na specijaliziranim sajmovima i na kućnom pragu. U radu je opisana svrha direktnih i indirektnih kanala distribucije, te je obrazložena SWOT analiza pomoću koje se mogu izabrati strateški ciljevi i prioriteti za unaprjeđenje prodaje maslinovog ulja. Republika Hrvatska se treba usmjeriti ka promicanju visokokvalitetnog maslinovog ulja i stvaranju prepoznatljivog brenda na stranom tržištu.The aim of this work was to analyze the state of the Croatian and world olive oil market. The analysis concluded that the production of olives and olive oil in the Republic of Croatia and the EU fluctuates significantly, while the area under olives shows a slight increase. Croatia is not completely self-sufficient in the production of olive oil and therefore has to import certain quantities. We can conclude this from the observed period from 2013. to 2022., where a negative balance was shown, despite the fact that exports and the total value of olive oil exports increased. We import most olive oil from Italy, Spain and Belgium, while we export most to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Slovenia and Montenegro. The price of table olives, virgin and extra virgin olive oil fluctuates throughout the analyzed period of 10 years, while in the EU the price differs significantly compared to the price in Croatia, and the reason for this is that Croatia has a smaller number of planted areas compared to other European countries. The consumption of olive oil in Croatia is significantly lower compared to other Mediterranean countries, such as Greece, Spain and Italy. The reason for this may be cultural differences. Also, the influence of marketing campaigns and promotion of olive oil can play a role in encouraging its consumption. Manifestations are one of the forms of promotion of olives and olive oil that are held throughout the year throughout Croatia. In this work, as an example, the event ,,Noćnjak'' is mentioned, which has been held for many years and serves to promote producers, processors, advertisers, etc. Significant sales of olive oil in Croatia are achieved through traditional sales channels, at specialized fairs and at doorsteps. The work describes the purpose of direct and indirect distribution channels, and explains the SWOT analysis, which can be used to select strategic goals and priorities for improving the sale of olive oil. The Republic of Croatia should focus on promoting high-quality olive oil and creating a recognizable brand on the foreign market
Hydroponic production of tomatoes at the Vinkovci Agricultural and Forestry School
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je bio prikazati hidroponsku proizvodnju kroz cijeli vegetacijski ciklus rajčice u plasteniku Poljoprivredno šumarske škole Vinkovci. Škola samostalno proizvodi presadnice rajčice te ih kasnije koristi i za potrebe hidroponske proizvodnje. Prednosti proizvodnje u zaštićenim prostorima je mogućnost kontroliranja uvjeta okoline te količine vode i hraniva koji su nužni za postizanje visokih i stabilnih prinosa odgovarajuće kvalitete. Tijekom hidroponske proizvodnje rajčice u školskom plasteniku, redovito je provođena kontrola štetnih organizama, zaštita nasada kao i sve potrebne mjere njege. Od bolesti su se pojavile siva plijesan rajčice i plamenjača. Također, primijenjena je i biološka kontrola štetnika mehanički i primjenom biološkog sredstva, a zaštita kemijskim pesticidima je bila svedena na minimum. U cijelom procesu proizvodnje sudjelovali su i učenici škole koji na taj način obavljaju svoju stručnu praksu. Može se zaključiti da je hidroponska proizvodnja rajčice jako intenzivan proces te je potrebno odlično poznavanje tehnologije proizvodnje u hidroponu kao i same rajčice kao kulturne biljke, ali i specifičnosti svake pojedine sorte i hibrida.The aim of this thesis was to present hydroponic production throughout the entire vegetative cycle of tomatoes in the greenhouse of the School of Agriculture and Forestry in Vinkovci. The school independently produces tomato transplants, which are later used for hydroponic production. The advantages of production in greenhouses include the ability to control environmental conditions and regulate the amounts of water and nutrients necessary to achieve high and stable yields of appropriate quality.
During the hydroponic production of tomatoes in the school's greenhouse, regular monitoring of pests, crop protection, and all necessary care measures were conducted. Tomato gray mold and late blight were observed during the production process. Additionally, biological pest control was implemented both mechanically and through the application of biological agents, while the use of chemical pesticides was minimized.
Throughout the production process, students of the school actively participated as part of their practical training. It can be concluded that hydroponic tomato production is a highly intensive process requiring excellent knowledge of hydroponic production technology, the biology of tomatoes as a crop, and the specific characteristics of each variety and hybrid
Procjena heterogenosti tla upotrebom GIS-a
No full textTo meet the growing demand for food, it's essential to expand agriculture in suitable environments. Responsible use of resources and effective agricultural practices are crucial for maximizing productivity and maintaining soil quality and fertility. This thesis employed a GIS-based approach to assess the significance and distribution of basic soil properties—soil organic matter, pH, texture, available phosphorus, and potassium—in determining the homogeneity or heterogeneity of two arable plots in Trnava and Đurđevac. A total of 116 soil samples from Trnava and 144 from Đurđevac were analyzed for both essential and additional soil physical and chemical properties. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate these properties. The coefficient of variation for plant-available phosphorus was the highest at 44.61%, indicating significant heterogeneity, while fine silt content showed the lowest variation at 3.71% in Trnava. In Đurđevac, total potassium content exhibited the highest variation, and actual acidity the lowest at 8.10%. On the analyzed plots, the most significant indicators of soil heterogeneity and needs for variable fertilization are soil hydrolytic acidity and plant-available P, and to a lesser extent, plant-available K, which means that variable liming and fertilization with P and K are needed. Regression analysis validated the effectiveness of multiple linear regression models in predicting cation exchange capacity based on various soil properties. In Trnava, six models with high R values (0.9795 to 0.9936) and R² values (0.9592 to 0.9873) were developed, with standard errors of the estimate ranging from 3.0036 to 4.0488. The Đurđevac models, constructed with 72 samples, demonstrated even stronger correlations, with R values between 0.9945 and 0.9965, R² values from 0.9889 to 0.9935, and lower SEE values (0.6034 to 0.9324), indicating higher prediction precision. Geo-statistical results revealed diverse spatial distribution patterns of soil properties and plant available nutrients, exhibiting strong, moderate, and weak spatial dependence. These spatial distribution maps are valuable for developing site specific soil management strategies. This comprehensive analysis underscores the importance of detailed soil property assessment in enhancing agricultural productivity and soil management practices.Poljoprivrednu proizvodnu neophodno je prilagoditi specifičnostima ekoustava i heterogenosti proizvodnih površina kako bi se zadovoljila rastuća potražnja za hranom. Odgovorno korištenje resursa i učinkovita poljoprivredna praksa presudni su za maksimiziranje produktivnosti i održavanje kvalitete i plodnosti tla. U ovom radu korišten je pristup temeljen na GIS-u za procjenu značaja i distribucije osnovnih svojstava tla - organske tvari u tlu, pH, teksture, dostupnog fosfora i kalija - u određivanju homogenosti ili heterogenosti dviju obradivih parcela u Trnavi i Đurđevcu. Analizirano je ukupno 116 uzoraka tla iz Trnave i 144 iz Đurđevca na osnovna i dodatna fizikalna i kemijska svojstva tla. Deskriptivna statistika, korelacije i višestruka regresijska analiza provedene su radi procjene povezanosti i heterogenosti analiziranih svojstava. Koeficijent varijacije biljkama raspoloživog fosfora bio je najveći (44,61%), što ukazuje na značajnu heterogenost, dok je sadržaj finog praha pokazao najmanju varijaciju (3,71%) u Trnavi. U Đurđevcu je najveće variranje pokazala ukupna koncentracija kalija, a najmanje pHH2O 8,10%. Na analiziranim oranicama najznačajniji pokazatelji heterogenosti tla i potrebe za varijabilnom gnojidbom su hidrolitička kiselost i biljkama dostupni P, a u manjoj mjeri biljkama dostupni K, što znači da su potrebni varijabilna kalcizacija i gnojidba s P i K. Regresijskom analizom potvrđena je učinkovitost višestrukih linearnih regresijskih modela u predviđanju kationskog izmjenjivačkog kapaciteta tla na temelju različitih svojstava tla. U Trnavi je razvijeno šest modela s visokim R (0,9795 do 0,9936) i R² vrijednostima (0,9592 do 0,9873), sa standardnim pogreškama procjene u rasponu od 3,0036 do 4,0488. Modeli lokaliteta Đurđevac rezultirali su još značajnijim korelacijama, s R 0,9945 i 0,9965, R² vrijednostima od 0,9889 do 0,9935 i nižim SEE vrijednostima (0,6034 do 0,9324), što ukazuje na veću preciznost predviđanja, tj. veću točnost modela. Geostatistički rezultati otkrili su različite obrasce prostorne distribucije svojstava tla i biljkama raspoloživih hranjivih tvari, pokazujući jaku, umjerenu i slabu prostornu ovisnost. Ove karte prostorne distribucije vrijedne su za razvoj strategija upravljanja tlom specifičnih za točnu geopoziciju i preciznu provedbu mjera očuvanja plodnosti tala
Application of biosecurity measures in the control of African swine fever (ASF) in Croatia
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je ukazati na opasnost virusa uzročnika afričke svinjske kuge. Također, opisati biosigurnosne mjere koje su provedene u Hrvatskoj. Afrička svinjska kuga bolest je koja uzrokuje gotovo 100% smrtnost, što znači veliki gospodarski gubitak. Stoga, primjena biosigurnosnih mjera na svinjogojskoj farmi i edukacija od strane veterinara su jedino što može spriječiti daljnje širenje virusa. Pojam zone ograničenja i zone nadziranja ima različit značaj, a također kategorizacija objekata i broj svinja na farmi predstavljanju različitu razinu biosigurnosti. Naglasak je na dezinfekciji objekata, kao i zaštiti svinja od prenositelja afričke svinjske kuge.The aim of this study was to point out the danger of virus causing African swine fever. Also, to describe the biosecurity measures that have been introduced in Croatia. African swine fever is a disease that causes almost 100% mortality, meaning a great economic damage. Therefore, by example on a pig farm and education by veterinarians, biosecurity measures are the only thing that can prevent the further spread of the virus. The concept of restriction zone and surveillance zone has different meanings, also the categorization of facilities and the number of pigs on the farm represent a different level of biosecurity. The emphasis is on the disinfection of facilities, as well as the protection of pigs from the carriers of African swine fever