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Reliability of enhanced paper grip test for foot strength assessment in young healthy adults
Full text linkNamen raziskave je bil oceniti ponovljivost izboljšanega testa prijema papirja (angl. enhanced paper grip test; EPGT), enostavne metode za oceno jakosti upogibalk prstov nog, pri mladih zdravih odraslih. V študiji je sodelovalo 20 udeležencev (starost 20–23 let), ki so opravili dve meritvi v razmiku 7–10 dni. Vsako testiranje je obsegalo tri ponovitve EPGT na vsaki nogi, pri čemer smo uporabili ročni dinamometer. Relativna ponovljivost znotraj obiska je bila dobra (ICC = 0,84– 0,89), medtem ko je bila ponovljivost med obiski zmerna do dobra (ICC = 0,76–0,80), vendar so bile spodnje meje 95-odstornega intervala zaupanja dokaj nizke (ICC = 0,49–0,56). Absolutna ponovljivost je bila nekoliko slabša, s tipičnimi napakami 7–8 N (13–16 %). Pri oceni asimetrij smo ugotovili zmerno ponovljivost (ICC = 0,62), vendar nizko ujemanje v smeri asimetrij med obiski (κ = 0,29). Rezultati kažejo, da bi EPGT ob ustrezni standardizaciji lahko bil primeren za oceno jakosti stopala, vendar je pri interpretaciji ponovljenih meritev potrebna previdnost. V prihodnje bi bilo smiselno proučiti možnosti za izboljšanje protokola in razširitev njegove uporabe na širšo populacijo.This study aimed to assess the reliability of the Enhanced Paper Grip Test (EPGT), a simple method for evaluating toe flexor strength, in young healthy adults. Twenty participants (aged 20–23) completed two testing sessions spaced 7–10 days apart. Each session involved three EPGT trials per foot using a hand-held dynamometer. Relative reliability within visits was good (ICC = 0.84–0.89), while between-visit reliability was moderate to good (ICC = 0.76–0.80), though lower confidence interval bounds indicated potential variability (ICC = 0.49–0.56). Absolute reliability was lower, with typical errors of 7–8 N (13–16%). Asymmetry measures showed moderate reliability (ICC = 0.62) but low agreement in direction between visits (κ = 0.29). These findings suggest EPGT is a feasible tool for assessing toe flexor strength, but careful standardization and interpretation are needed when using it for repeated measurements. Future work should explore protocol optimization and applicability across diverse populations to strengthen clinical utility
“In your light we see light.” (Ps 36:10): Images and Symbolism of God’s Light in the Bible
Full text linkV Ps 36,10b je videnje Božje luči predstavljeno kot videnje in duhovna izkušnja skupine, ki vzklikne in Bogu govori v drugi osebi: »V tvoji luči vidimo luč.« Prispevek v v. 10 in v širšem literarnem kontekstu Ps 36 na podlagi hebrejskega izvirnika in hebrejske poezije ter ob upoštevanju starih prevodov predstavlja bogato simboliko ‚vode‘ in ‚luči‘. Voda in luč v psalmu predstavljata bistvo življenja, ki izvira od Boga. Prispevek prikazuje pomen trodelne zgradbe psalma (vv. 2-5.6-10.11-13), ki orisuje videnje krivičnika, videnje Boga v središču poetične kompozicije in dvojno prošnjo molivca na koncu. Eksegetsko-teološko so analizirane posebnosti posameznih delov kompozicije, podana pa je tudi interpretacija celotnega psalma – globoko doumevanje zgodovine v Božji luči, kar presega vsak poskus, da bi psalm povezali zgolj z določenim zgodovinskim kontekstom. To priznava večina komentatorjev. Prispevek psalm razlaga v luči judovsko-krščanskega izročila in tradicije. Zadnji del teološko sporočilo psalma povezuje z umetniškim delom slikarja judovskega rodu, Marca Chagalla, „Križanje v belem“ (1938) in njegovim globokim razmišljanjem o skrivnosti zgodovine in trpljenja v luči Kristusovega križanja.In Ps 36:10b, the vision of God\u27s light is presented as a vision and spiritual experience of a group that exclaims and speaks to God in the second person: “In your light we see light.” The article presents the rich symbolism of “water” and “light” in v. 10 and in the broader literary context of Ps 36, based on the Hebrew original and Hebrew poetry, considering old translations as well. Water and light in the psalm represent the essence of life that originates from God. Furthermore, the article demonstrates the significance of the tripartite structure of the psalm (vv. 2-5.6-10.11-13), which outlines the vision of the wicked, the vision of God in the center of the poetic composition, and the twofold petition of the worshiper at the end. The article analyzes the particular features of each part of the composition from an exegetical-theological point of view and presents an interpretation of the entire psalm as a deep understanding of history in the light of God, which goes beyond any attempt to connect the psalm to a specific historical context. This is acknowledged by most commentators. The article interprets the psalm in light of Jewish-Christian tradition. The final section connects the theological message of the psalm with the work of the Jewish painter, Marc Chagall, “White Crucifixion” (1938) and his profound reflection on the mystery of history and suffering in light of the crucifixion of Christ
The Teandric Vocational Model and its Pedagogical Potential
Full text linkV množici predstav o poklicanosti je teandrični model pripomoček, ki prispeva k razvoju poklicne kulture skupnosti, utrjuje kulturo poklica pri posameznikih ter nas razbremenjuje poenostavitev in posplošitev glede poklicanosti. Ta model obravnava Božjo in človeško razsežnost poklicanosti. Bog in človek sta v pogovoru dejavna: izvršujeta vrsto predvidenih in povezanih dejanj. Model ima štiri subjekte in štiri vrste dejavnosti. Prvi subjekt je Bog, drugi skupnost, tretji poklicani, četrti čas. Prva dejavnost je sprejemanje poklicanosti, druga razločevanje, tretja udejanjanje, četrta zvestoba. Vsak poklicani in vsaka skupnost, ki poklicane sprejema, lahko model prenese v konkretno tako teorijo kot prakso svojega poslanstva, karizme, načina življenja; hkrati se ob njem izprašuje o načinu svoje poklicne kulture in o kulturi poklica vsakega člana. In the multiplicity of the notions of the vocation, the theandric model is a tool that contributes to the development of the vocational culture of the community and to the consolidation of an individual’s culture of their personal vocation and it liberates from simplifications and generalizations about the vocation. The model addresses both the divine and the human dimensions of the calling. God and man are active in the dialogue and perform a series of predicted and related acts. The model has four subjects and four types of activity. The f irst subject is God, the second is the community, the third is the called person and the fourth is time. The first activity is the acceptance of vocation, the second is discernment, the third is realization, and the fourth is faithfulness. Every called person and every community that welcomes new members can translate this model into the concrete theorical and practical expressions of their mission, charism, way of life, and can question the way the community members live their vocational culture
Sanctus Ivo, advocatus pauperum: Veneration of the Patron Saint of Lawyers in the Austrian Hereditary Lands
Full text linkNajbolj znan evropski zavetnik pravnikov je sveti Ivo (Yves) Hélory Kermartinski (1247–1303). Cerkev se ga spominja predvsem kot odvetnika revežev (advocatus pauperum). Njegovo češčenje je v univerzitetnih središčih zunaj Francije do konca 18. stoletja ostajalo omejeno na elitne pravniške kroge. V avstrijskih dednih deželah pa ni bilo prisotno zgolj na Dunaju, temveč se je razširilo tudi v Ljubljano. Prvi del prispevka[1] predstavlja življenje in delo bretonskega svetnika. Drugi del je posvečen praznovanju Ivovega godovnega dne v avstrijski prestolnici s posebnim poudarkom na dunajskih litanijah svetega Iva. Prispevek sklene prikaz Ivovega kulta, ki sta ga v Ljubljani spodbujala pravniško društvo (Collegium iuridicum Labacense) in jezuitski kolegij; posebna pozornost je namenjena v teh institucijah natisnjenim slavilnim govorom (panegirikom). Ti predstavljajo pomemben zgodovinski vir za proučevanje pravne kulture ter dojemanja družbene vloge prava in pravnikov v začetku 18. stoletja.
Saint Ivo (Yves) Hélory of Kermartin (1247–1303) is the best-known patron saint of lawyers in Europe. The Church remembers him primarily as the advocate of the poor (advocatus pauperum). Until the end of the 18th century, his veneration outside France remained limited to elite legal circles in university centres. In the Austrian hereditary lands, however, the cult of Saint Ivo was not limited to Vienna, but also spread to Ljubljana. In the first part of the article, the author presents the life and work of the Breton saint. The second part focuses on the celebration of Saint Ivo\u27s feast day in the Austrian capital, with special emphasis on the Viennese litanies of Saint Ivo. The paper concludes with an overview of the veneration of Saint Ivo organized by the Ljubljana Law Society (Collegium iuridicum Labacense) and the Jesuit College, with special attention to the panegyrics printed in Ljubljana. They represent an important historical source for the study of legal culture and the perception of the social role of law and lawyers in the early 18th century
Imunologija, ADHD in transcendenca: raziskovanje meja in zamejitev skozi filozofijo Byung-Chul Hana
Full text linkThis paper examines the concept of boundaries, drawing on Central European experiences, particularly Hungary’s history behind the Iron Curtain, both after 1989 and in the 21st century. It explores the complex emotions surrounding borders, such as longing, fear, confusion, and the desire for transcendence. Using Byung-Chul Han’s philosophy, the article contrasts a society of negativity (rooted in external constraints) with a society of positivity, where individuals self-exploit within boundless systems of overachievement and performance. The COVID-19 pandemic is highlighted as a significant event that reshaped the boundaries between work and home life. Ultimately, the paper argues that the meaningful reordering of boundaries should not primarily concern separation but rather foster the potential for transcendence.Prispevek obravnava pojem meja, pri čemer se opira na srednjeevropske izkušnje, zlasti na madžarsko zgodovino za železno zaveso, tako po letu 1989 kot v 21. stoletju. Raziskuje kompleksna čustva, povezana z mejami, kot so hrepenenje, strah, zmedenost in želja po transcendenci. S pomočjo filozofije Byung-Chula Hana članek primerja družbo negativnosti (ki temelji na zunanjih omejitvah) z družbo pozitivnosti, kjer posamezniki sami sebe izkoriščajo znotraj brezmejnih sistemov pretirane storilnosti in učinkovitosti. Pandemija covida-19 je izpostavljena kot dogodek, ki je meje med delom in zasebnim življenjem izrazito preoblikoval. Prispevek v zaključku zagovarja tezo, da smiselno preurejanje meja ne bi smelo biti usmerjeno predvsem v ločevanje, temveč v spodbujanje možnosti za transcendenco
Staranje v pregovorih: Primerjalna analiza estonskih in slovenskih pregovorov
No full textFrom a methodological and folkloristic perspective, the article explores attitudes toward older people and aging in Slovene and Estonian proverbs based on archival paremiological material collected from the second half of the 19th century to the present day.
Various aspects of old age and ageing are also reflected in the rich tradition of proverbs. As can be seen from the examined material, proverbs related to the elderly and to ageing reflect established cultural stereotypes or attitudes that are full of controversy and ambivalence. On the one hand, there are many negative stereotypes that emphasize the vulnerability and needs of the elderlz and portray them as a passive group in need of help. This stereotype is extremely common in proverbs, where young people are portrayed as capable of learning and adapting to change, while the elderly are not. On the other hand, some proverbs reflect a highly positive attitude towards older people, suggesting that they deserve respect and are to be regarded as full members of society. The other extreme approach is active ageing, which suggests that the solution lies in older people acting young. The proverbs analysed stem from two different languages (Estonian and Slovene), two different language families (Uralic and Indo-European), and two different regions of Europe (northern and southern), but their embedded stereotypes and messages are similar – emphasizing physical decline, wisdom, mental decline, grey hair, walking canes as well asrespect. If the understanding of universal signs and stereotypes of old age in proverbs often varies across cultures, it can also be argued that it is often actually rather similar, especially in countries that were historically connected to and influenced by the same “centre,” i.e., the historical area of German culture in the case of Estonian and Slovene.Članek z metodološkega in folklorističnega vidika raziskuje odnos do starejših in staranja v slovenskih in estonskih pregovorih na podlagi arhivskega paremiološkega gradiva, zbranega v drugi polovici 19. stoletja pa vse do danes. Različni vidiki starosti in staranja se odražajo tudi v bogatem izročilu pregovorov. Kot je razvidno iz kategorij, pregovori, povezani s starejšimi ljudmi in staranjem, predstavljajo uveljavljene kulturne stereotipe ali odnose, ki so polni kontroverznosti in ambivalentnosti. Po eni strani obstaja veliko negativnih stereotipov, ki poudarjajo ranljivost in potrebe starejših ljudi ter jih prikazujejo kot pasivno in odvisno skupino. Ta stereotip je globoko zakoreninjen v pregovorih, kjer so mladi prikazani kot sposobni učenja in prilagajanja spremembam, starejši pa ne. Po drugi strani nekateri pregovori odražajo zelo pozitivno stališče do starejših, saj nakazujejo, da si starejši zaslužijo spoštovanje in so polnopravni člani družbe, oz. kažejo na spodbujanje t. i. aktivnega staranja, tj, da starejši ljudje delujejo mladostno in aktivno. Analizirani pregovori so iz dveh različnih jezikov (estonski in slovenski), dveh različnih jezikovnih družin (uralski in indoevropski) in dveh različnih regij Evrope (severne in južne), vendar so si njihovi vgrajeni stereotipi in sporočila podobni – poudarjanje fizičnega upada, modrosti, duševnega upada, sivih las, hoje, palice in spoštovanja so le nekateri ključni izrazi, ki izhajajo iz analize. Če se razumevanje univerzalnih znakov in stereotipov starosti, obravnavanih v pregovorih, razlikuje glede na kulturo, lahko trdimo, da je razumevanje znakov starosti v Evropi precej podobno, zlasti v državah, ki so bile v preteklosti povezane z istim »centrom« in so bile pod njegovim vplivom, tj. nemško kulturno-zgodovinsko okolje
Najbolj poznani in pogosto uporabljeni slovenski pregovori po izboru ChatGPT-4o: Raziskovanje potenciala umetne inteligence za vzpostavitev paremiološkega minimuma
No full textThe article examines the type of data yielded by the publicly accessible AI model GPT-4o concerning the core of Slovene paremiology—namely, the most widely known and/or most frequently used proverbs. The proverbs identified by the model are compared with data obtained from corpus-based analyses, survey research, and established Slovene paremiographical sources. Drawing on these comparisons, this study outlines the current strengths and limitations of using this AI model in paremiological research and evaluates its potential impact on contemporary proverb studies.Članek razkriva, kakšne podatke nam o jedru slovenske paremiologije – najbolj poznanih in/ali pogostih pregovorih – ponujajo odgovori prosto dostopnega modela UI, znanega kot GPT-4o. Nabori navedenih izrazov so primerjani s podatki, ki so nam o poznanosti in pogostnosti na voljo iz korpusnih in anketnih raziskav ter iz slovenskih paremiografskih virov. Na podlagi pridobljenih podatkov so izpostavljene trenutne prednosti in slabosti tovrstne uporabe imenovanega modela in njegovega vpliva na sodobno paremiološko raziskovanje
Uporaba analitičnega orodja nazobčanega vzorca pri preučevanju govornih izmenjav na WhatsAppu
No full textEl análisis del discurso digital ha experimentado en la última década una gran difusión dentro de los estudios de la lengua en su uso. El presente artículo pretende sumarse a la ya extensa nómina de estudios que investiga la comunicación dentro de los entornos digitales, prestando especial atención al análisis de la estructura de la conversación coloquial que se desarrolla en estos. Los principales objetivos del artículo son dos: demostrar que la herramienta de dientes de sierra (Espinosa, 2016) puede aplicarse en el análisis de los intercambios en conversaciones por WhatsApp, y determinar que la alternancia de turnos del discurso digital presenta una complejidad igual e incluso superior a la comunicación oral presencial. Para el análisis se ha elaborado un corpus que recoge las interacciones de seis participantes dentro de la plataforma de mensajería instantánea WhatsApp. La metodología sigue la propuesta de segmentación del discurso del Grupo Val.Es.Co. (2014).Digital discourse analysis has undergone significant expansion in the last decade within in-context language studies. This paper aims to contribute to the growing body of research examining communication in digital environments by focusing on the structures of colloquial conversation. The study has two main objectives: first, to demonstrate that the sawteeth tool (Espinosa, 2016) can be applied to conversational exchanges produced on WhatsApp; and second, to determine whether turn-taking in digital discourse displays a level of complexity equal to or even greater than that found in co-present oral communication. For this analysis, a corpus was compiled consisting of the interactions of six participants on the instant messaging platform WhatsApp. The methodology follows Val.Es.Co.’s proposal for discourse segmentation (2014).Analiza spletnega diskurza je v zadnjem desetletju doživela izrazit razmah znotraj študij, ki se osredotočajo na jezikovno rabo. Namen pričujočega članka je nadgraditi nabor raziskav o sporazumevanju v spletnih okoljih, pri čemer se posebej osredotoča na analizo strukture pogovornega jezika. Osrednja cilja raziskave sta dva: aplicirati analitično orodje t. i. nazobčanega vzorca («herramienta de dientes de sierra» po Espinosi, 2016) pri preučevanju govornih izmenjav na platformi za hipno sporočanje WhatsApp ter pokazati, da so spletne govorne izmenjave enako ali celo bolj kompleksne kot neposredna ustna komunikacija. Za namene analize je bil oblikovan korpus, ki zajema interakcije šestih udeležencev na platformi WhatsApp. Metodologija sledi predlogu za segmentacijo diskurza, kot jo je utemeljila skupina Val.Es.Co. (2014)
Raziskovanje uporabe obrnjenega pouka z igrificiranimi aplikacijami pri učencih nižje srednje šole
Full text linkFlipped classroom models have gained attention for promoting learner-centred instruction, mainly when supported by digital technology. In English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts, gamified applications such as Edpuzzle and Kahoot! have improved student engagement and motivation. However, limited research has examined how integrating gamified applications within flipped classrooms affects junior high school students’ learner autonomy, particularly in vocabulary learning. This study aimed to investigate the level of learner autonomy among junior high school students after experiencing flipped instruction with gamified applications and to explore how this instructional model supports the development of autonomy. This study employed a qualitative multi-site case study design, supported by descriptive quantitative data. The participants comprised five English teachers and 50 eighth-grade students from five junior high schools in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. The researchers used two main instruments: a learner autonomy questionnaire and semi-structured group interviews. Data were collected after the implementation of flipped vocabulary instruction over 20 weeks, during which students engaged with Edpuzzle and Kahoot!. The questionnaire results were analysed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 26, while interview data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed a consistently high level of learner autonomy across five domains. Thematic analysis identified three key themes supporting this development: self-paced learning, progress tracking, and continuous feedback. These results suggest that integrating gamified applications into flipped classrooms can promote student autonomy in vocabulary learning. The study recommends the broader adoption of the flipped teaching approach with gamified applications to foster independent learning among EFL students.Modeli obrnjenega poučevanja so pritegnili pozornost zaradi spodbujanja na učenca usmerjenega poučevanja, zlasti ob podpori digitalne tehnologije. Pri pouku angleščine kot tujega jezika (EFL) so igrificirane aplikacije, kot sta Edpuzzle in Kahoot!, izboljšale sodelovanje in motivacijo učencev. Le malo raziskav pa je poskusilo odgovoriti na vprašanje, kako uporaba igrificiranih aplikacij pri obrnjenem poučevanju vpliva na samostojnost učencev nižjih srednjih šol, zlasti pri usvajanju besedišča. Namen naše raziskave je bil proučiti raven samostojnosti učencev nižje srednje šole po izkušnji obrnjenega poučevanja z igrificiranimi aplikacijami ter raziskati, kako ta učni model podpira razvoj učenčeve samostojnosti. Izvedli smo kvalitativno študijo primera na več lokacijah in jo podprli z opisnimi kvantitativnimi podatki. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih pet učiteljev angleščine in petdeset učencev osmega razreda iz petih nižjih srednjih šol v Bandar Lampungu v Indoneziji. Uporabili smo dve glavni raziskovalni metodi: vprašalnik o učenčevi samostojnosti in polstrukturiran skupinski intervju. Podatke smo zbrali po 20-tedenskem obrnjenem učenju besedišča, pri katerem so učenci uporabljali aplikaciji Edpuzzle in Kahoot!. Rezultate ankete smo analizirali z uporabo opisne statistike v programu SPSS različice 26, podatke iz intervjujev pa smo analizirali tematsko. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na dosledno visoko raven učenčeve samostojnosti na petih področjih. Tematska analiza je pokazala tri ključne vidike, ki podpirajo razvoj učenčeve samostojnosti: učenje v lastnem tempu, sledenje lastnemu napredku in nenehno prejemanje povratnih informacij. Ti rezultati potrjujejo, da lahko uporaba igrificiranih aplikacij pri obrnjenem poučevanju spodbuja učenčevo samostojnost pri usvajanju besedišča. Na podlagi izsledkov raziskave priporočamo širšo uporabo metode obrnjenega poučevanja z igrificiranimi aplikacijami za spodbujanje neodvisnega učenja pri učencih angleščine kot tujega jezika