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Analiza stroškovne učinkovitosti javnih splošnih bolnišnic na Hrvaškem
Get PDFPurpose: The Croatian population is rapidly ageing, and if current demographic trends continue, by 2050 one in three Croatians will be over the age of 65. This demographic shift implies that a smaller working-age population will need to support a growing number of elderly individuals, placing considerable strain on economic performance. Simultaneously, increasing demand for public health services has driven up public healthcare expenditures, with general hospitals bearing the majority of accumulating unpaid obligations. In this context, assessing the cost efficiency of general hospitals becomes crucial in minimising resource wastage. Design/Methodology/Approach: Cost efficiency is assessed by analysing how monetary inputs are converted into intermediate outputs. The cost efficiency of 19 Croatian general hospitals is analysed using the most common method—input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)— during the pre-pandemic years of 2015 and 2016, and the pandemic years of 2021 and 2022. One input is used (total expenditures and outlays of general hospitals, excluding investments in facilities) and three outputs (number of inpatient treatment days, beds/chairs occupancy rate in day hospitals, and number of outpatient services in polyclinic-consultative healthcare).Findings: Cost efficiency scores range from 48% to 100%. On average, hospitals could have reduced expenditures by 7% in 2015, 14% in 2016 and 2021, and by 16% in 2022 while maintaining current output levels. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall cost efficiency of general hospitals declined. Pula‑Pola and Varaždin consistently emerged as benchmark (most efficient) hospitals across all four years. In contrast, Vukovar underperformed, with cost efficiency scores below 70% throughout. For most hospitals, relative efficiency rankings remained stable over time—high performers before the pandemic continued to perform well afterward; low performers remained low. The data also indicate that larger hospitals, in terms of expenditures, generally demonstrate better cost efficiency.Academic contribution to the field: This study contributes to the literature by measuring cost inefficiencies in general hospitals, which are often overlooked in international health economics research, particularly in Central and Eastern European countries. It identifies persistent benchmarks and inefficiencies, offering a data-driven foundation for policy reforms aimed at enhancing financial sustainability and operational efficiency in Croatia’s healthcare system. Research limitations: The model incorporates a limited set of variables due to data constraints. Including additional indicators, such as pharmaceutical expenditures or case‑weighted inpatient discharges, could provide a more nuanced cost efficiency assessment. This limitation highlights the need for more comprehensive and standardised healthcare data collection in Croatia, especially from the Ministries of Health and Finance. Practical implications: These findings may assist policymakers, as costefficient general hospitals are vital to economic and social prosperity. Benchmark general hospitals can serve as models, sharing best practices in cost management and resource use that could help improve cost efficiency across general hospitals. Less efficient general hospitals should be targeted for audits, managerial training, or support with budgeting and resource allocation. Furthermore, the study provides a foundation for enhancing national hospital performance monitoring systems and data reporting standards.Originality/Value: This is the first study to calculate the cost efficiency of 19 Croatian general hospitals.Namen: Hrvaško prebivalstvo se hitro stara, in če se bodo sedanji demografski trendi nadaljevali, bo do leta 2050 vsak tretji Hrvat starejši od 65 let. Ta demografski premik pomeni, da bo moralo manjše delovno aktivno prebivalstvo podpirati čedalje več starejših, kar bo močno obremenilo gospodarsko uspešnost. Hkrati naraščajoče povpraševanje po javnih zdravstvenih storitvah povečuje javne izdatke za zdravstvo, pri čemer največji delež nakopičenih neporavnanih obveznosti nosijo splošne bolnišnice. V tem kontekstu postane ocenjevanje stroškovne učinkovitosti splošnih bolnišnic ključno za zmanjševanje razsipavanja virov.Zasnova/metodologija/pristop: stroškovna učinkovitost je ocenjena z analizo, kako se denarni vložki pretvorijo v vmesne rezultate. Stroškovna učinkovitost 19 hrvaških splošnih bolnišnic je analizirana z najpogosteje uporabljeno metodo – vhodno usmerjeno analizo ovojnice podatkov (DEA) – v predpandemičnih letih 2015 in 2016 ter v pandemičnih letih 2021 in 2022. Uporabljen je en vhod (skupni izdatki in odhodki splošnih bolnišnic, brez naložb v objekte) in trije izhodi (število bolnišničnih oskrbnih dni, zasedenost postelj oziroma stolov v dnevnih bolnišnicah ter število ambulantnih storitev v poliklinično-konzultativni dejavnosti).Ugotovitve: ocene stroškovne učinkovitosti segajo od 48 % do 100 %. Povprečno bi bolnišnice lahko znižale izdatke za 7 % v letu 2015, za 14 % v letih 2016 in 2021 ter za 16 % v letu 2022, ne da bi zmanjšale obstoječe ravni izhodov. Med pandemijo covida-19 se je skupna stroškovna učinkovitostsplošnih bolnišnic poslabšala. Bolnišnici Pula-Pola in Varaždin sta v vseh štirih letih dosledno izstopali kot referenčni (najučinkovitejši) enoti. Nasprotno pa je Vukovar dosegal slabše rezultate, s stroškovno učinkovitostjo pod 70 % v celotnem obdobju. Pri večini bolnišnic so relativne uvrstitve po učinkovitosti ostale stabilne skozi čas – visoko učinkovite pred pandemijo so ostale učinkovite tudi po njej; manj učinkovite so ostale nizko uvrščene. Podatki kažejo tudi, da večje bolnišnice, merjeno po izdatkih, praviloma dosegajo boljšo stroškovno učinkovitost.Akademski prispevek k področju: študija prispeva k literaturi z merjenjem stroškovnih neučinkovitosti v splošnih bolnišnicah, ki jih mednarodne raziskave zdravstvene ekonomike pogosto spregledajo, zlasti v državah Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope. Identificira vztrajne referenčne primere in neučinkovitosti ter ponuja podatkovno podlago za politične reforme, usmerjene v izboljšanje finančne vzdržnosti in operativne učinkovitostihrvaškega zdravstvenega sistema.Omejitve raziskave: model vključuje omejen nabor spremenljivk zaradi podatkovnih omejitev. Vključitev dodatnih kazalnikov, kot so izdatki za zdravila ali po primerih uteženi akutni bolnišnični odpusti, bi lahko omogočila bolj niansirano oceno stroškovne učinkovitosti. Ta omejitev poudarja potrebo po celovitejšem in standardiziranem zbiranju zdravstvenih podatkovna Hrvaškem, zlasti s strani ministrstev za zdravstvo in finance.Praktične implikacije: ugotovitve lahko pomagajo oblikovalcem politik, saj so stroškovno učinkovite splošne bolnišnice ključne za gospodarsko in socialno blaginjo. Referenčne bolnišnice so lahko vzor, delijo dobreprakse upravljanja stroškov in uporabe virov ter s tem pomagajo izboljšati stroškovno učinkovitost v celotnem sklopu splošnih bolnišnic. Manj učinkovite bolnišnice naj bodo cilj revizij, managerskega usposabljanja alipodpore pri proračunskem načrtovanju in načrtovanju virov. Poleg tega je študija podlaga za izboljšanje nacionalnih sistemov spremljanja uspešnosti bolnišnic in standardov poročanja podatkov.Izvirnost/vrednost: gre za prvo študijo, ki je izračunala stroškovno učinkovitost 19 hrvaških splošnih bolnišnic
Od soustvarjanja do krožnih mest: raziskovanje živih laboratorijev v okvirih upravljanja EU – pregled literature
Get PDFPurpose: This paper provides a comprehensive and integrative literature review of how Living Labs (LLs) are conceptualised, implemented, and evaluated within the European Union’s governance frameworks. It aimsto trace the evolution of LLs beyond their original innovation rhetoric and to assess their actual contributions to co-creation, participatory governance, and circular transitions.Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a PRISMA-compliant systematic literature review methodology, the study screened 403 peer-reviewed publications from the Web of Science Core Collection. Following the applicationof rigorous inclusion criteria, 77 eligible studies were analysed. A co-occurrence analysis of 360 keywords was conducted using VOSviewer to identify ten thematic clusters that structure the field. The findings are discussed across four dimensions: institutional anchoring, collaborative learning, socio-economic transition, and methodological consolidation.Findings: The review reveals that LLs function as hybrid governance infrastructures that foster innovation only when they are embedded in stable institutional settings and aligned with multi-level governance systems. While many LLs claim inclusivity, their actual transformative capacity is often constrained by power asymmetries, weak institutionalisation, and methodological fragmentation. Nevertheless, high-performing LLs demonstratesignificant value in facilitating systemic learning, promoting circular practices, and enabling democratic experimentation.Practical Implications: The findings emphasise the need for standardised evaluation frameworks, long-term funding mechanisms, and stronger in stitutional pathways for LL outcomes to inform policy. Policymakers andpractitioners are urged to move beyond pilotism and adopt LLs as embedded tools of governance.Originality/Value: Unlike previous studies that focused narrowly on sectoral applications or isolated urban experiments, this review is the first to systematically map the evolution of Living Labs across four governanceoriented dimensions: collaborative anchoring, democratic learning, circular innovation, and methodological evaluation. By linking these dimensionsto the structural conditions of institutional consolidation within EU public policy frameworks, the article provides a novel conceptual synthesis that bridges fragmented scholarship. It advances the field by offering an integrated perspective that captures the multifunctional role of LivingLabs as infrastructures for systemic governance innovation.
Namen: članek ponuja celovit in integrativen pregled literature o tem, kako so živi laboratoriji konceptualizirani, izvajani in vrednoteni znotraj upravljavskih okvirov Evropske unije. Cilj je slediti razvoju živih laboratorijevonkraj izvorne inovacijske retorike ter oceniti njihove dejanske prispevke k soustvarjanju, participativnemu upravljanju in krožnim prehodom.Načrt/metodologija/pristop: z uporabo sistematične metodologije pregleda literature v skladu s PRISMA je študija pregledala 403 recenzirane publikacije iz zbirke Web of Science Core Collection. Po uporabi strogih vključitvenih meril je bilo analiziranih 77 ustreznih študij. S programom VOSviewer je bila izvedena analiza sopojavljanja 360 ključnih besed za identifikacijo desetih tematskih grozdov, ki strukturirajo področje. Ugotovitveso obravnavane skozi štiri razsežnosti: institucionalna vpetost, sodelovalno učenje, družbeno-ekonomski prehod in metodološka konsolidacija.Ugotovitve: pregled razkriva, da živi laboratoriji delujejo kot hibridne upravljavske infrastrukture, ki spodbujajo inovacije le, kadar so umeščeni v stabilna institucionalna okolja in usklajeni z večnivojskimi sistemi upravljanja. Čeprav številni živi laboratoriji deklarirajo inkluzivnost, je njihova dejanska transformativna zmožnost pogosto omejena zaradi asimetrij moči, šibke institucionalizacije in metodološke razdrobljenosti. Kljub temu visoko uspešni živi laboratoriji izkazujejo pomembno vrednost pri pospeševanju sistemskega učenja, spodbujanju krožnih praks in omogočanju demokratičnega eksperimentiranja.Praktične implikacije: ugotovitve poudarjajo potrebo po standardiziranih okvirih za vrednotenje, mehanizmih dolgoročnega financiranja ter močnejših institucionalnih poteh, po katerih bi rezultati živih laboratorijev informiralijavne politike. Odločevalci in praktiki naj presežejo »pilotizem« (pretirano zanašanje na pilotne projekte) in žive laboratorije sprejmejo kot vgrajena orodja upravljanja.Izvirnost/vrednost: drugače kot pretekle študije, ki so se ozko osredotočale na sektorske uporabe ali osamljene urbane eksperimente, je ta pregled prvi, ki sistematično mapira razvoj živih laboratorijev skozi štiri na upravljanje usmerjene razsežnosti: sodelovalno vpetost, demokratičnoučenje, krožne inovacije in metodološko vrednotenje. S povezovanjem teh razsežnosti s strukturnimi pogoji institucionalne konsolidacije znotraj okvirov javnih politik EU članek ponuja novo konceptualno sintezo, ki premošča razdrobljeno znanstveno produkcijo. Področje nadgradi z integriranim vidikom, ki zajame večfunkcijsko vlogo živih laboratorijev kot infrastruktur za sistemske inovacije upravljanja
Comparison of acurte effects of foam rolling and staticsw stretching on the flexibiltiy of the hip flexors
Get PDFNamen raziskave je bil primerjati akutne učinke statičnega raztezanja in valjčkanja na gibljivost sprednje stegenske mišice ter ugotoviti. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 15 zmerno aktivnih mladih odraslih, ki so v dveh ločenih obiskih izvedli obe intervenciji. Obseg gibljivosti smo ocenili z merjenjem pasivnega upogiba kolena in aktivnega iztega kolka, z uporabo digitalnega inklinometra. Obe intervenciji sta povzročili statistično značilno povečanje obsega gibanja v obeh sklepih (p < 0,001), z zmernim učinkom pri upogibu kolena (d = 0,47-0,61) in velikim učinkom pri iztegu kolka (d = 0,85 – 0,92), pri čemer ni bilo razlik v učinkovitosti med metodama (p < 0,05). Statično raztezanje domnevno poveča gibljivost predvsem prek izboljšane tolerance na razteg, medtem ko valjčkanje deluje z zmanjšanjem mišične napetosti in vplivom na fascialne strukture. Rezultati podpirajo uporabo obeh tehnik kot enakovrednih orodij za akutno izboljšanje gibljivosti sprednje stegenske mišice. Nadaljnje raziskave bi morale vključevati večje in raznolike vzorce ter primerjati kratkoročne in dolgoročne učinke teh metod, posamično in v kombinaciji.The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of static stretching and foam rolling on the mobility of hip flexors (m. quadriceps) Fifteen moderately active young adults participated in the study and completed both interventions in two separate sessions. Range of motion was assessed using a digital inclinometer to measure passive knee flexion and active hip extension. Both interventions led to statistically significant increases in joint range of motion (p < 0.001), with moderate effect sizes for knee flexion (d = 0.47–0.61) and large effect sizes for hip extension (d = 0.85–0.92). No significant differences in effectiveness were observed between the methods (p > 0.05). Static stretching is presumed to enhance flexibility primarily by increasing stretch tolerance, whereas foam rolling likely exerts its effect by reducing muscle tension and influencing fascial structures. These findings support the use of both techniques as equally effective tools for the acute improvement of anterior thigh muscle flexibility. Future research should include larger and more diverse samples and evaluate both the short- and long-term effects of these methods, individually and in combination
Brand Equity of Sports Organizations
Get PDFČlanek obravnava vrednost znamk športnih organizacij v Sloveniji, ki predstavlja eno ključnih sredstev za njihov uspeh in dolgoročno konkurenčnost. Predstavljeni so glavni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na gradnjo in povečanje vrednosti znamke v športu: športni rezultati, vloga trenerjev, zvezdniški igralci, prepoznavnost, zvestoba navijačev in sodelovanje sponzorjev. Raziskava temelji na kvalitativni metodi – intervjujih s predstavniki Rokometnega kluba Celje Pivovarna Laško, Nogometne šole Mura in podjetja Sport Media Focus. Rezultati potrjujejo pomen čustvene navezanosti navijačev in strateškega trženja za krepitev blagovne znamke. Na osnovi ugotovitev so podane splošne usmeritve za slovenske športne organizacije, kako celostno upravljati z lastniškim kapitalom svoje znamke.The article examines the brand equity of sports organizations in Slovenia, which represents a key asset for their success and long-term competitiveness. The article presents the main factors influencing brand building and value: sporting results, the role of coaches, star players, brand recognition, fan loyalty, and sponsorship collaboration. The research is based on qualitative methods – interviews with representatives of Handball Club Celje Pivovarna Laško, Football School Mura, and Sport Media Focus, a sports marketing agency. The findings confirm the importance of fan emotional attachment and strategic marketing in strengthening sports brands. General guidelines are provided for Slovenian sports organizations on how to manage their brand equties holistically
Analysis of the financial assessment of basketball coaches’ work in Slovenia
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to examine the remuneration of basketball coaches in Slovenia and to analyze the factors influencing its structure. Data were collected through a survey completed by 179 coaches. The results showed that coaches of older age categories are, on average, significantly better paid than those coaching younger teams. Furthermore, professional qualification proved to be an important determinant of salary, as higher qualification levels were associated with substantially higher earnings. The analysis of the competition level of senior teams revealed differences in pay; however, these were not consistent across successive league tiers, suggesting that club finances are not strictly dependent on league status. No significant differences were found regarding club location or settlement size. Time spent on additional off-court activities showed a weak positive correlation with pay. The average gross monthly salary of coaches in the sample amounted to €1103 (± 887), while the average gross hourly wage was €25 (± 16.2), dropping to €16.7 (± 10.1) when additional activities were considered. The findings suggest that basketball coaches in Slovenia may earn less than other sports professionals, reflecting specific characteristics of club financing and work organization.Namen raziskave je bil analizirati in finančno ovrednotiti delo košarkarskih trenerjev v Sloveniji ter ugotoviti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na višino plačila njihovega dela. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika, ki ga je izpolnilo 179 trenerjev, ki vodijo igralce oziroma ekipe različnih starostnih kategorij. Rezultati so pokazali, da so trenerji starejših v povprečju statistično značilno bolje plačani kot trenerji mlajših starostnih kategorij, pri čemer plačilo ne raste linearno glede na starostno stopnjo. Ugotovljen je bil tudi pomemben vpliv strokovne usposobljenosti trenerja na njegovo plačilo, kakor tudi, da finančne zmožnosti klubov niso neposredno povezane s tekmovalno ravnijo članske ekipe, niti ne z oddaljenostjo kluba od Ljubljane ali velikost kraja v katerem se klub nahaja. Dodaten čas, porabljen za pripravo, administracijo in sestanke, je bil v šibki pozitivni povezavi s plačilom trenerja. Povprečna bruto mesečna plača trenerjev, ki so sodelovali v raziskavi je v sezoni 2024/25 znašala 1103 € (± 887), povprečna bruto urna postavka pa 25 € (± 16,2), ob upoštevanju porabljenega časa za dodatne aktivnosti pa le še 16,7 € (± 10,1). V primerjavi z drugimi strokovnimi delavci v športu v Sloveniji so košarkarski trenerji plačani manj, kar nakazuje na finančne in organizacijske omejitve dela v slovenskih košarkarskih klubih
Predlog ciljev, standardov znanj in didaktičnih priporočil – Gimnazijsko izobraževanje
Get PDFPredlog ciljev, standardov znanj in didaktičnih priporočil – Gimnazijsko izobraževanjePredlog ciljev, standardov znanj in didaktičnih priporočil – Gimnazijsko izobraževanj
A Narrative Analysis of the Relationships Between the Religious Perceptions of Serious Violent Offenders and Their Perception of Their Punishment
Get PDFŠtudija proučuje značilnosti religioznosti med izrazito nasilnimi storilci kaznivih dejanj, ki aktivno sodelujejo v verskih dejavnostih v zaporu, in način, kako to vpliva na njihovo dojemanje kaznivega dejanja in kazni. Proučujemo zlasti, ali svoja dejanja obžalujejo in si želijo odpuščanja kot del verske izkušnje. Intervjuvali smo šestnajst zapornikov v treh zaporih, ki so storili izrazito nasilna kazniva dejanja, v zaporu pa aktivno sodelovali pri verskih dejavnostih. Analiza odgovorov je pokazala pozitivno korelacijo med globoko, vsebinsko versko izkušnjo in sprejemanjem odgovornosti. Podobno vera vpliva na razvoj obžalovanja za kaznivo dejanje. Tiste, ki svoje kaznivo dejanje priznavajo in obžalujejo, motivira želja po odpuščanju. Versko skeptični zaporniki priznavajo, da kaznivo dejanje so storili, vendar ne kažejo obžalovanja. Vse to kaže, da lahko poglobljena, vsebinska verska izkušnja pozitivno vpliva na doseganje ciljev kaznovanja.This study investigates the characteristics of religiosity among serious violent offenders who actively participate in religious activities in prison and the way that affects their perception of the crime and their sentence. In particular, we examine whether they are remorseful for their actions and desire forgiveness as a part of religious experience. sixteen prisoners in three penitentiaries who had committed serious violent crimes and actively participated in religious events, were interviewed. Analysis of the answers showed a positive correlation between a deep, substantive faith experience and acceptance of responsibility. Likewise, faith influences the development of regret for the crime. Those who admit their crime and repent it are motivated by a desire for forgiveness. The religiously sceptical prisoners admit to having committed the crime but do not show remorse. All this suggests that a deep, substantive experience of faith can have a positive impact on the achievement of punishment goals
»Naj se spoštujejo stare navade«: kanoni o navadah in njihov pomen za sodobno življenje Srbske pravoslavne Cerkve
Get PDFThis paper represents an analysis of a custom from the life of the Serbian Orthodox Church, connected to the celebration of the feast of Saint Archangel Michael as a family patron saint day (Slava), commonly known as “Aranđelovdan” (Archangel’s Day). In some Serbian regions, hosts refuse to prepare boiled wheat or koljivo for the feast of Saint Archangel Michael, claiming that koljivo is prepared exclusively for saints who have died. At the same time, maintenance of this custom is often justified by the argument that it is inherited from ancestors and, in that sense, represents part of family heritage or a certain kind of pledge. After an analysis of the Holy Canons, it is concluded that the criterion by which the canons accept a custom as legitimate is compatibility of that custom with apostolic tradition. From that perspective, we will seek to show why that is not the case with the aforementioned custom observed on Saint Archangel Michael’s day.Prispevek analizira običaj v Srbski pravoslavni Cerkvi, povezan s praznovanjem praznika svetega nadangela Mihaela kot družinskega zavetnika (slava), ki je splošno znan kot »Aranđelovdan« (dan nadangela). Pri tem v nekaterih srbskih regijah gostitelji pripravo kuhane pšenice ali koljiva ob prazniku svetega nadangela Mihaela zavračajo, saj menijo, da se koljivo lahko pripravlja izključno za umrle svetnike. Ohranjanje tega običaja pogosto utemeljujejo z argumentom, da je podedovan od prednikov in tako predstavlja del družinske tradicije ali neke vrste zavezo. Analiza kanonov je pokazala, da je merilo za sprejem običaja kot legitimnega njegova združljivost z apostolsko tradicijo. S tega vidika bomo poskušali pokazati, zakaj to za omenjeni običaj ob praznovanju dne svetega nadangela Mihaela ne velja
Argumentacija filozofa Franja Šanca o problemu zla v svetu
Get PDFThis paper deals with the philosopher Franjo Šanc’s reflections on the problem of evil in the world. After some introductory remarks, the second chapter briefly presents the life and main works of Franjo Šanc. The third chapter, which is also the central chapter of the article, is structured around five themes. The first theme is the basic assumption from which Šanc starts, and that is: there is a personal God, and he is the Christian God, the creator and ruler of the world. The second theme is Augustine\u27s concept of evil as absentia or privatio boni, the framework within which Šanc reflects on evil in the world. The third theme is Šanc’s central idea that in both physical and moral evil, God has a good purpose in mind, which does not always have to apply only to the individual, but can also apply to the whole world, and that evil does not necessarily exist. The fourth theme is Šanc’s argument that the existence of evil is proof of the existence of God, and not the reverse, as many authors claim and advocate. The fifth theme is Šanc’s answer to the question of the origin of evil. He says that evil exists for the greater glory of God. The conclusion of the paper briefly recapitulates Šanc’s philosophical thought and presents the author’s conclusion that his philosophical position is acceptable to Christians, but not to those who are not familiar with Christianity.Prispevek obravnava razmišljanja filozofa Franja Šanca o problemu zla v svetu. Po uvodnih opombah drugo poglavje na kratko predstavlja življenje in glavna dela Franja Šanca. Tretje poglavje, ki je tudi osrednje, sestavlja pet tem. Prva tema je osnovna predpostavka, iz katere Šanc izhaja, in sicer: obstaja osebni Bog – to je krščanski Bog, stvarnik in vladar sveta. Druga tema je Avguštinov koncept zla kot absentia ali privatio boni – okvir, znotraj katerega Šanc razmišlja o zlu v svetu. Tretja tema je Šančeva osrednja ideja, da ima Bog tako v fizičnem kot moralnem zlu v mislih dober namen, ki se ne nanaša vedno le na posameznika, ampak lahko velja tudi za celoten svet – in da zlo ne obstaja neizogibno. Četrta tema je Šančev argument, da je obstoj zla dokaz za obstoj Boga in ne obratno, kot trdijo mnogi avtorji. Peta tema je Šančev odgovor na vprašanje o izvoru zla: pravi, da zlo obstaja za večjo slavo Boga. V zaključku je na kratko povzeta Šančeva filozofska misel in predstavljen avtorjev sklep, da je njegovo filozofsko stališče sprejemljivo za kristjane, ne pa tudi za tiste, ki s krščanstvom niso seznanjeni
Destructive Effects of Media Violence on Social Representations and Perceptions
Get PDFNegativne medijske vsebine na našo zaznavo drugih in tudi na socialne reprezentacije vplivajo uničujoče. Cilj negativnih afektov, slik in vsebin je pogosto človeka oddaljiti od kritičnega vrednotenja in analitične razprave. Medijske vsebine so lahko tudi konstruktivne, zlasti kadar jih sestavljajo pozitivne podobe, zgledi in spodbudne prakse, s katerimi se občinstvo lahko poistoveti. Takšne reprezentacije so redke, saj jih pogosto izrinejo negativne ali uničujoče. Te se krepijo z negativnimi in agresivnimi sporočili, ki so predstavljena kot ‚zabava‘, pogosto pa tudi z izkoriščanjem, prevarami in medijsko propagando. Teorije medijskih učinkov potrjujejo trditev, da bi večja prisotnost konstruktivnih vsebin prispevala k večji stopnji nenasilja med posamezniki in v družbi – hkrati pa bi to za medije in z njimi povezane agencije pomenilo manj dobička.Media violence has been steadily increasing, serving for some as a source of entertainment despite its harmful effects, and for others as a source of profit. The media—often regarded as the fourth branch of power alongside the legislative, executive, and judicial—appear to be valued according to the amount of violence they “display,” even competing in this regard. Such practices exert a destructive influence on our perception of others and on social representations. Yet these representations can also be constructive, particularly when they consist of positive images, good examples, and encouraging practices with which audiences can identify. Unfortunately, such representations are scarce, as they are often displaced by negative or destructive ones. The latter are reinforced through negative and aggressive messages, framed as “entertainment,” but also through exploitation, deception, and media propaganda. Theories of media effects support the claim that a greater presence of constructive content would foster more peace among individuals and within society, though this would simultaneously generate less profit for the media and the agencies associated with them