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Besedni red v slovenskih kemijskih terminoloških besednih zvezah: Primerjava z nemščino in angleščino
Get PDFPrispevek obravnava terminologijo v slovenščini ter primerja besedni red v slovenščini, nemščini in angleščini. Obravnavani so kemijski termini, ki so v vsaj enem od jezikov večbesedni.
V 19. stoletju so bili kemijski termini v delih Matije Vertovca navedeni skupaj z nemškim ustreznikom. Vpliv nemščine se odraža v strukturi terminov, imenovanje kislin pa je bilo enobesedno, npr. vogelnokislina (ogljikova kislina), žeplokislina (žveplova kislina). Po prvi svetovni vojni so se z ustanovitvijo Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev pojavila prizadevanja po enotni jugoslovanski kemijski terminologiji. Vpliv nemščine je opazen v poskusu ohranitve enobesednih terminov po vzoru nemških zloženk, kot je jodkislina. Takšno izrazje je bilo predvideno za znanstvene razprave in visokošolski pouk, za srednješolski pouk pa so predvideli večbesedne termine, npr. jodova kislina.
Gradivo v rastočem Kemijskem slovarju (od 2018) kaže na izrazno samostojnost slovenščine. Nemške zloženke so v slovenščini večbesedne zveze, ki imajo ob samostalniškem jedru zaradi jasnosti pogosto tudi desni samostalniški prilastek, kot je anomalija vode. Prav tako lahko terminološke strukture z levim in desnim prilastkom, kot je začasna trdota vode, razložimo s potrebo po poimenovalni natančnosti.
Vpliv angleščine je opazen pri večbesednih terminih z levim samostalniškim prilastkom, kot je alfa železo, ki ima tudi variantne oblike, kot so železo alfa in alfa-železo. Postavitev samostalniškega prilastka na desno odraža slovensko skladnjo, zapis z vezajem kaže na vpliv nemščine (Alpha-Eisen).The article examines chemical terminology in Slovenian and compares word order in Slovenian, German, and English. It focuses on chemical terms that are multi-word expressions in at least one of the languages.
In the 19th century, chemical terms in the works of Matija Vertovec were listed alongside their German equivalents. The influence of German is reflected in the structure of the terms, with acid names being single-word expressions, such as vogelnokislina (carbonic acid) and žeplokislina (sulfuric acid). After World War I, the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes led to efforts for a unified Yugoslav chemical terminology. The German influence is evident in the attempt to preserve single-word terms modelled after German compounds, such as jodkislina (iodic acid). Such terminology was intended for scientific discourse and higher education, while multi-word expressions like jodova kislina were planned for secondary school teaching.
The material in the Chemical Dictionary demonstrates the linguistic independence of Slovenian. German compounds in Slovenian are expressed as multi-word phrases, which, for clarity, often include a nominal postmodifier, as in anomalija vode (water anomaly). Terminological structures with both pre- and postmodifiers, such as začasna trdota vode (temporary water hardness), can also be explained by the need for clarity.
The influence of English is evident in multi-word terms with a nominal premodifier, such as alfa železo (alpha iron), which also has variant forms like železo alfa and alfa-železo. The placement of the nominal postmodifier reflects Slovenian syntax, while the hyphenated form follows the German model (Alpha-Eisen)
Phonetic-phonological definition of emphasis in the Slovene language in relation to word order in a simple sentence
Get PDFPoudarek je bil v slovenskem jeziku vse do Toporišičeve slovnice pogosto zamenjevan s terminom naglas, kar je vplivalo na pomanjkljivo strukturno obravnavo slovenskega jezika. Poudarek se ni natančno obravnaval, zato sta termina naglas in poudarek v slovenskem jezikoslovju še danes pogosto prekrivna. Ta vidik posebej izpostavimo in razrešimo v tem članku preko analize preteklih raziskav poudarka. Na podlagi nove instrumentalne analize definiramo poudarjenost posameznih zlogov in besed glede na tipično stavčno strukturo: beseda, ki jo kot poudarjeno zaznavamo govorci slovenščine, je odvisna od več parametrov, in sicer od tona, premora in tudi jakosti. Od tona je poudarjenost besede odvisna še posebej pri zaznamovanem besednem redu, jakost kot odločilen kriterij pa se je potrdila v stavkih z dvema poudarkoma in pri zaznamovanem besednem redu in poudarku na končni naglašeni besedi.Until Toporišičʼs grammar, the term emphasis (poudarek) was often confused with accent (naglas) in the Slovenian language, which influenced the lack of structural treatment of the Slovenian language, as accent was not treated in detail, which is why even today the terms accent and stress are often overlapping in Slovenian linguistics. This issue is specifically highlighted and resolved in this article through an analysis of past emphasis research. On the basis of a new instrumental analysis, we define the accentuation of individual syllables and words according to a typical sentence structure: the word that is perceived as emphasized by Slovene speakers depends on several parameters, namely tone, pause and intensity. The accentuation of a word depends on the tone, especially in the case of the marked word order, and the strength as a decisive criterion is confirmed in sentences with two accents and in the marked word order and emphasis on the final stressed word
EFFECT OF LED LIGHT COLOUR AND STOCKING DENSITY ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN JAPANESE QUAILS
Get PDFThe study evaluated the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) light colour and stocking density on the hematological parameters, oxidative metabolism, and organ weights of quails. Several key management factors that influence the welfare of broilers include light color and stocking density. For this reason, this study aimed to reveal the effect of different light colors and stocking densities on the hematological and oxidative stress parameters in Japanese quails. For this purpose, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) were measured in quails subjected to different light colors and stocking densities, using commercially available ELISA kits. In this study, 720 1-day-old mixed-sex Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly assigned to one of six treatments, each having four duplicates of 30 birds. The experiment was designed as a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with three LED light colours (white, blue, and green) and two stocking densities (low = 200 cm2/bird and high = 100 cm2/bird). At 42 days of age, 20 quails from each treatment group were randomly selected for some hematological parameter analysis. According to the results obtained, the heterophile/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio was significantly higher in the white LED light colour treatments. However, the effects of stocking density on the H/L ratio were not significant. The oxidative stress indicator MDA was unaffected by the light colour, however, the high stocking density drastically reduced liver CAT and GSH activities. The heart weight was lower in the quail subjected to blue LED light. The heart and liver organ weights were not affected by stocking density. In conclusion, whereas white LED light increases the H/L ratio and the stress situation, it does not affect the oxidative stress indicators. These findings highlighted the need to identify optimum LED light colours for quails in commercial production settings in order to increase flock welfare. More research is needed to understand the effects and find the best colour of LED light for quails at varied stocking densities.
Vpliv barve led-svetlobe in gostote živali na nekatere hematološke parametre in oksidativni stres pri japonskih prepelicah
Izvleček: Študija je ocenjevala učinke barve svetlobe svetlečih diod (LED) in gostote naselitve na hematološke parametre, oksidativno presnovo in težo organov prepelic. Več ključnih dejavnikov upravljanja, ki vplivajo na dobro počutje brojlerjev, vključuje barvo svetlobe in gostoto naselitve. Zato je bil namen te študije ugotoviti učinek različnih barv svetlobe in gostote naselitve na hematološke parametre in parametre oksidativnega stresa pri japonskih prepelicah. V ta namen so bile pri prepelicah, ki so bile izpostavljene različnim barvam svetlobe in gostoti naselitve, izmerjene ravni malondialdehida (MDA), superoksid dismutaze (SOD), katalaze (CAT) in glutationa (GSH) z uporabo komercialno dostopnih kompletov ELISA. V študiji je bilo 720 enodnevnih japonskih prepelic (Coturnix coturnix japonica) naključno razvrščenih v eno od šestih obravnav, vsaka s štirimi dvojniki po 30 ptic. Poskus je bil zasnovan kot faktorska razporeditev obdelav 3 x 2 s tremi barvami LED-svetlobe (bela, modra in zelena) in dvema gostotama naselitve (nizka = 200 cm2/ptico; visoka = 100 cm2/ptico). Pri starosti 42 dni je bilo naključno izbranih 20 prepelic iz vsake skupine za analizo nekaterih hematoloških parametrov. Glede na dobljene rezultate je bilo razmerje med heterofilci in limfociti (H/L) znatno višje pri prepelicah, izpostavljenih beli LED-svetlobi, vendar vpliv gostote naselitve na razmerje H/L ni bil značilen. Na indikator oksidativnega stresa MDA barva svetlobe ni vplivala, je pa visoka gostota naselitve drastično zmanjšala aktivnosti CAT in GSH v jetrih. Teža srca je bila manjša pri prepelicah, ki so bile izpostavljene modri LED-svetlobi. Gostota naselitve ni vplivala na maso srca in jeter. Zaključimo lahko, da bela LED-svetloba sicer poveča razmerje H/L in stresne razmere, vendar ne vpliva na kazalnike oksidativnega stresa. Te ugotovitve so poudarile potrebo po določitvi optimalnih barv LED-svetlobe za prepelice v komercialnih proizvodnih okoljih, da bi povečali dobrobit jate. Za razumevanje učinkov in iskanje najboljše barve LED-svetlobe za prepelice pri različnih gostotah naselitve je potrebnih več raziskav.
Ključne besede: prepelice; LED-svetloba; razmerje med heterofilci in limfociti; oksidativni stres; gostota naselitv
EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT COLORED LED LIGHTS ON GONADS, EGG NUMBER AND WEIGHT IN JAPANESE QUAILS
Get PDFArtificial lighting plays a crucial role in regulating the maturation of the reproductive system of birds during puberty and thus affects their reproductive capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometric effects of the use of different coloured light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the gonads of male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The experimental groups were also examined with regard to egg count, weight, fertility and hatchability. A total of 240 quails of mixed sex were subjected to three different light colours, namely white, green and blue LEDs. The anatomical condition of the birds was examined at 42 days of age. To evaluate the potential effects of the different light colours on the number and weight of eggs, a cohort of 12 female and 3 male quails from each group were observed for an additional 30 days under identical experimental conditions and light exposures. An assessment was conducted to determine the differences in the number and weight of eggs between the different groups as a function of the number of days. The use of LED lights in different colours had no significant effect on the development of the testes in males and the ovaries in females. Between days 42 and 72 of the experiment, there were no discernible differences in the egg quantities of the quails, reared under different light colours. However, the eggs in the blue light group had a higher weight than those in the white light group. Ultimately, the use of white, green and blue LED lamps for photostimulation had no discernible effect on the growth of testes and ovaries, with the exception of egg weight.
Vpliv barve led-svetlobe na spolne žleze ter na število in težo jajc pri japonskih prepelicah
Izvleček: Umetna razsvetljava igra ključno vlogo pri uravnavanju zorenja reproduktivnega sistema ptic med puberteto in s tem vpliva na njihovo reproduktivno sposobnost. Cilj te študije je bil raziskati morfometrične učinke uporabe svetlečih diod različnih barv (LED) na spolne žleze samcev in samic japonskih prepelic (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Poskusne skupine so bile pregledane glede števila jajc, teže, plodnosti in valilnosti. Skupno 240 prepelic mešanega spola je bilo izpostavljenih trem različnim barvam svetlobe, in sicer beli zeleni in modri LED. Anatomsko kondicija ptic je bila ocenjena pri 42 dneh starosti. Za oceno morebitnih učinkov različnih barv svetlobe na število in težo jajc je bila kohorta 12 samic in 3 samcev iz vsake skupine opazovana dodatnih 30 dni, pod enakimi poskusnimi pogoji in izpostavljenostjo svetlobi. Izvedena je bila ocena za določitev razlik v številu in teži jajc med različnimi skupinami v povezavi s številom dni. Uporaba LED luči različnih barv ni imela pomembnega vpliva na razvoj mod pri samcih in jajčnikov pri samicah. Med 42. in 72. dnem poskusa ni bilo opaznih razlik v številu jajc pri prepelicah, vzrejenih pri različnih barvah svetlobe, so pa imela jajca v skupini z modro svetlobo večjo težo kot jajca v skupini z belo svetlobo. Uporaba belih, zelenih in modrih LED luči za fotostimulacijo ni imela opaznega vpliva na rast mod in jajčnikov, z izjemo teže jajc.
Ključne besede: LED; barva svetlobe; prepelica; razmnoževanj
PREVALENCE, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EMERGENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM Β-LACTAMASE PRODUCING- AND CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM HOUSEFLIES (Musca domestica) IN TUNISIA
Get PDFHouseflies (Musca domestica) live in close contact with humans. They are carriers of human pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract and on their body. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in flies.Sixty-one isolates were collected from 100 houseflies at three different locations: a laying hen farm, a market, and three houses, comprising 23 Escherichia coli, 31 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method, and the ESBL-producing isolates were screened by the double-disc synergy test. β-lactamase genes, associated resistance genes, and integrons were studied by PCR.The ESBL-producing isolates comprised14.8% (9/61) of the isolates, seven K. pneumoniae isolates, and two E. coli isolates. The highest rate of ESBL-producing strains was observed in houses (7/22; 31.8%), followed by the market (2/43; 4.7%). Multi-drug-resistant bacteria were detected in 19/61 (31.2%) insects. Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates (n= 30) were used to identify the resistance genes. The following resistance genes were identified in the isolates; blaCTX-M-G-1 (76.7%, 23/30), blaSHV-1 (43.3%, 13/30), blaTEM-1 (36.7%, 11/30), blaIMP (16.7%, 5/30), blaOXA-48 (10%, 3/30) and blaNDM (3.3%, 1/30). The quinolone resistance genes qnrs, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrB and qnrA were found in 11, 11, 7 and 5 isolates, respectively. Integron 1 (intI1) was detected in 15 (50%) isolates, qacEΔ1+sul1 was identified in ten intI1-positive isolates. Class 2 integron was detected in three isolates. Houseflies collected from houses and markets may be implicated in the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria which constitute a considerable threat to human public health. The ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the environment and can be used as indicators of contamination
Optimizacija modnega e-trgovanja: vpliv hitre dostave, trajnostnih praks in konkurenčnih cen na zadovoljstvo strank in učinkovitost dostave
Get PDFThis study investigates the interplay between customer satisfaction, delivery efficiency, pricing strategies, ESG (environmental, social and governance) sustainability practices and quick third-party delivery systems within the fashion e-commerce sector. The findings reveal that quick third-party delivery services significantly enhance customer satisfaction (β = 0.135, p < 0.001) and improve delivery efficiency through strategic partnerships with providers such as Blinkit and Rapido (β = 0.651, p < 0.001). The adoption of ESG sustainability practices, such as e-bikes and e-rickshaws as a mode of transportation, has a significant impact on quality assurance for sustainable deliveries (β = 0.684, p < 0.001), which can be linked to customer satisfaction and brand recognition. This research emphasizes that customer satisfaction plays a mediating role in the linkage of delivery efficiency to pricing strategies (β = 0.789, p < 0.001), bridging operational performance to cost-effectiveness. Moreover, technology adoption moderates the relationship between eco-friendly delivery assurance and customer satisfaction (β = 0.191, p < 0.001), while with accessible and user-friendly digital platforms, sustainable practices have more impacts. These results underscore the need for expedient, sustainable and customer-centric delivery approaches that address evolving consumer needs. This research can provide insights to achieve long-term customer loyalty and sustainable growth with global sustainability objectives.Študija raziskuje medsebojno povezanost med zadovoljstvom strank, učinkovitostjo dostave, strategijami določanja cen, trajnostnimi praksami ESG (angl. Environmental, Social and Governance; slo. okoljski, socialni in upravljavski vidiki) ter hitrimi dostavnimi sistemi preko tretjih oseb v sektorju modnega e-trgovanja. Rezultati kažejo, da hitre dostave preko tretjih oseb pomembno vplivajo na zadovoljstvo strank (β = 0,135, p < 0,001) in izboljšujejo učinkovitost dostave preko strateških partnerstev s ponudniki, kot so Blinkit in Rapido (β = 0,651, p < 0,001). Uvedba trajnostnih praks ESG, npr. uporaba električnih koles in električnih rikš kot prevoznega sredstva, ima pomemben vpliv na zagotavljanje kakovosti trajnostnih dostav (β = 0,684, p < 0,001), kar se lahko povezuje z zadovoljstvom strank in prepoznavnostjo blagovne znamke. Raziskava poudarja, da je zadovoljstvo strank vmesni člen med učinkovitostjo dostave in strategijami določanja cen (β = 0,789, p < 0,001), pri čemer je operativna učinkovitost povezana s stroškovno učinkovitostjo. Sprejemanje novih tehnologij ravno tako vpliva na odnos med zagotavljanjem okolju prijazne dostave in zadovoljstvom strank (β = 0,191, p < 0,001), pri tem pa imajo trajnostne prakse z dostopnimi in uporabniku prijaznimi digitalnimi platformami še močnejši vpliv. Izsledki raziskave poudarjajo potrebo po hitrih, trajnostnih in na stranke usmerjenih pristopih k dostavi, ki odgovarjajo na spreminjajoče se potrebe potrošnikov. Raziskava nudi predloge za doseganje dolgoročne zvestobe strank in trajnostne rasti v skladu z globalnimi trajnostnimi cilji
Developmental psychological issues in the interplay of interpersonal relationships and social contexts: Editorial
Get PDFPsychological individuation and romantic relationships among emerging adults
Get PDFNamen študije je bil raziskati povezanost med psihološkim osamosvajanjem od staršev in dimenzijami ljubezni ter konfliktnostjo in zadovoljstvom v partnerskih odnosih pri mladih na prehodu v odraslost. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 199 udeležencev, starih med 18 in 29 let, ki so bili v partnerskem razmerju. Udeleženci so izpolnili kratko obliko Testa osamosvajanja na prehodu v odraslost (TOPO-K), kratko obliko Sternbergove lestvice trikotne teorije ljubezni (TLS-15) ter ocenili konfliktnost in zadovoljstvo v partnerskem odnosu ter konfliktnost med staršema. Rezultati so pokazali nizke, a pomembne povezave med dimenzijami osamosvajanja in dimenzijami ljubezni. Povezanost z mamo je bila pozitivno povezana z intimnostjo, strastnostjo in zavezanostjo v odnosu s partnerjem, medtem ko je bila zaznana vsiljivost obeh staršev negativno povezana z dimenzijami ljubezni. Doživljanje intimnosti je visoko pomemben napovednik nižje konfliktnosti v partnerskem odnosu, medtem ko je razveza staršev in konfliktnost med staršema napovedovala višjo konfliktnost v partnerskem odnosu mladih. Intimnost in zavezanost sta se izkazali kot pomembna pozitivna napovednika zadovoljstva v partnerskem odnosu, zaznana očetova vsiljivost pa je na zadovoljstvo v partnerskem odnosu imela negativen učinek. Zaključiva lahko, da sta spoštovanje osebnih meja in opora pri osamosvajanju pomembna dejavnika za uspešne in izpolnjujoče partnerske odnose mladih, vendar je najpomembnejši napovednik konfliktnosti in zadovoljstva v partnerskem odnosu kakovost ljubezenske zveze, zlasti na področju intimnosti in zavezanosti.The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between psychological individuation from parents and dimensions of love, as well as conflict and satisfaction in romantic relationships among emerging adults. The study included 199 participants between the ages of 18 and 29 who were in romantic relationships. Participants completed the short version of the Individuation Test for Emerging Adults (ITEA-S) and the Short version of Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale (TLS-15) and rated conflict and satisfaction in their romantic relationships as well as parental conflict. The results showed low but significant correlations between the individuation dimensions and the love dimensions. Connectedness with the mother was positively associated with intimacy, passion and commitment in the relationship with the partner, while perceived parental intrusiveness was negatively associated with the love dimensions. Intimacy emerged as a strong predictor of lower conflict in romantic relationships, while parental divorce and parental conflict predicted higher conflict in emerging adults‘ romantic relationships. Intimacy and commitment were significant positive predictors of satisfaction in romantic relationships, whereas perceived intrusiveness by the father had a negative effect on satisfaction in romantic relationships. We can conclude that respect for personal boundaries and support for individuation are important factors for successful and fulfilling romantic relationships in emerging adults. However, the most important predictor of conflict and satisfaction in these relationships is the quality of the romantic bond, especially in terms of intimacy and commitment
Well-being of employees with eldercare responsibilities: Literature review and theoretical integration
Get PDFSkrb in nega starejših svojcev postajata čedalje pogostejši izziv delovne populacije. Ob tem se pričakuje, da bo število zaposlenih, ki morajo tovrstne obveznosti usklajevati z delovnimi, naraščalo. Dozdajšnje raziskave so se osredotočale predvsem na negativne izide omenjenega usklajevanja, vezane na blagostanje in zdravje posameznika, pri tem pa so bili prezrti pozitivni izidi ter pogojevalci in posredovalci, ki povečajo verjetnost za take pozitivne izide. V tem preglednem članku so povzeti dejavniki telesnega, socialnega in duševnega blagostanja iz posameznikovega delovnega in zasebnega življenja, osebne lastnosti in sociokulturni kontekst, njihova obravnava pa izhaja iz teorije zahtev in virov in ekološkosistemske teorije. V pregled relevantne literature je bilo vključenih 22 člankov, objavljenih med letoma 2017 in 2024. Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da se zahteve tako v zasebnem življenju kot na delovnem mestu negativno povezujejo z dejavniki blagostanja. Ob tem pa se viri na obeh omenjenih področjih pričakovano pozitivno povezujejo z dejavniki blagostanja. Prispevek obravnava tudi kontekst, v katerem so bile izvedene raziskave ter pogojevalce in posredovalce med omenjenimi dejavniki in izidi ter s tem prispeva k celostnemu razumevanju blagostanja zaposlenih z obveznostmi oskrbe in nege starejših svojcev, poleg tega odpira nove priložnosti za raziskovanje te rastoče skupine zaposlenih.Caring for elderly relatives is an increasing challenge for the working population, and the number of employees who must balance such responsibilities with work is expected to grow. Past research has mainly focused on the negative outcomes of this reconciliation, particularly in terms of individual well-being and health, while overlooking potential positive outcomes, as well as the contextual moderators and mediators that influence these effects. To address this gap, the present review synthesizes the antecedents of physical, social, and psychological well-being from both the work and family domains, as well as the role of personality traits and the sociocultural context. These factors are examined through the lens of Demands-Resources Theory and Ecological Systems Theory. A review of relevant literature identified 22 articles published between 2017 and 2024. The results indicate that demands in both work and personal life are negatively associated with well-being indicators. As expected, resources show a positive association with various aspects of well-being. This article also addresses the specific contexts in which studies were conducted, explores contextual moderators and mediators between these factors and outcomes, and contributes to a broader understanding of the well-being of employees with elder care responsibilities. Finally, the review highlights new opportunities for future research on this growing group within the workforce
