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Napačno prikazovanje kitajske kulture v pisnem in vizualnem jeziku ameriških slikanic
Get PDFLanguage is a communication system which consists of signs, symbols, gestures, and so on. In picture books, a special genre of children’s books, pictures can be regarded as a visual language because meaning can be conveyed from the authors to readers by pictures. However, there are a number of limitations with regard to the cultural connotations implied in the picture-word language system in picture books, and previous studies found there were stereotypes of Chinese culture and Chinese people in American picture books. Using a mixed methodology approach, the author selected 78 picture books created by American authors, including Chinese Americans, from an initial sample of 3,000, and subjected them to discourse analysis to examine the misrepresentations of Chinese culture. The results showed three main types of misrepresentation of Chinese culture in picture books and explored the reasons for this. The misrepresentations included: (1) the full view of Chinese culture is overshadowed by the excessive attention and localization of cultural symbols, such as the Chinese dragon and the Spring Festival; (2) the confusion of Asian cultures in visual language and written language weakens the uniqueness of Chinese culture; and (3) information disorder weakens the authenticity of Chinese culture. The reasons for these misrepresentations are rooted in the attitudes towards multiculturalism in American, including in relation to Chinese Americans. The misinterpretations result in the following issues: (1) Chinese culture is equated with the culture of Chinese Americans; (2) Chinese culture is regarded as static, which leads to serious homogenization; (3) the sightseeing attitude towards Chinese culture results in an excessive focus on cultural symbols. Therefore, the misrepresentations and even stereotypes of Chinese and Chinese culture have been solidified by these books.Jezik je komunikacijski sistem, ki ga tvorijo znaki, simboli, kretnje in podobno. V slikanicah, posebni vrsti otroških knjig, lahko slike obravnavamo kot vizualni jezik, saj avtorji z njihovo pomočjo bralcem posredujejo vsebino. A kulturne konotacije, ki izhajajo iz slikovno-besednega jezikovnega sistema slikanic, so z več vidikov omejene. Dosedanje raziskave so tako opozorile na prisotnost stereotipov o Kitajcih in kitajski kulturi v ameriških slikanicah. Z uporabo mešanega metodološkega pristopa smo iz prvotnega vzorca 3000 slikanic izbrali 78 slikanic, katerih avtorji so Američani oz. Američani kitajskih korenin. S pomočjo diskurzivne analize izbranih del smo proučili primere napačnega prikazovanja kitajske kulture in ugotavljali razloge zanje. Rezultati analize so osvetlili tri glavne vrste napačnega prikazovanja kitajske kulture v slikanicah: (1) celosten pogled na kitajsko kulturo je zastrt zaradi pretirane pozornosti, namenjene izbranim kulturnim simbolom, kot sta kitajski zmaj in pomladni festival; (2) mešanica prvin različnih azijskih kultur v vizualnem in pisnem jeziku spodkopava edinstvenost kitajske kulture; (3) netočnost informacij zmanjšuje pristnost prikaza kitajske kulture. Opisano prikazovanje je posledica ameriškega odnosa do večkulturnosti in do Američanov kitajskih korenin, privede pa do naslednjih težav: (1) kitajska kultura in kultura Američanov kitajskih korenin sta prikazani kot eno; (2) kitajska kultura je prikazana kot statična, kar povzroča grobo homogenizacijo; (3) izletniški odnos do kitajske kulture privede do pretiranega posvečanja kulturnim simbolom. Proučevane slikanice torej utrjujejo napačne predstave in celo stereotipe o Kitajcih in kitajski kulturi
Učbeniki za angleščino in italijanščino kot TJ: Primerjava opisnih pisnih nalog na ravni A2
Get PDFQuesto articolo analizza e confronta i compiti descrittivi di produzione scritta nei libri di testo di inglese e italiano come lingue straniere (LS) a livello A2 secondo il Quadro comune europeo di riferimento per le lingue (QCER). La parte teorica esamina la scrittura in generale e nel contesto dellʼapprendimento di LS, prendendo in considerazione i diversi tipi di testo, la coesione e la coerenza. Vengono esplorati anche lo scaffolding e le scalette, le risorse e i materiali didattici, così come le differenze tra produzione e comprensione scritta. La parte empirica consiste in unʼanalisi comparativa dei compiti descrittivi di produzione scritta presenti in tre libri di testo di inglese e tre di italiano come LS (English File Elementary, Solutions Elementary, New Headway Elementary, Nuovo espresso 2, Al dente 2 e Volentieri! A2) e mira a rispondere a due domande di ricerca. I compiti descrittivi di produzione scritta nei libri di testo di inglese come LS sono più articolati rispetto a quelli nei libri di testo di italiano? E, in caso affermativo, quali elementi dei compiti descrittivi di produzione scritta meno strutturati e sviluppati potrebbero essere adattati o potenziati? I libri di testo di inglese e italiano trattano un’ampia gamma di argomenti vari e, per questo motivo, l’articolo si concentra sui compiti presenti nelle unità che trattano lo stesso tema; più precisamente, descrivere una casa e descrivere un viaggio. Oltre a ciò, la parte empirica include due esempi di compiti descrittivi di produzione scritta in italiano modificati in base ai risultati ottenuti.This article analyzes and compares descriptive writing tasks in English and Italian foreign language (FL) coursebooks at the A2 level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The theoretical part examines writing both in general and within the context of FL learning and teaching, delving into text types, written production, reading comprehension, cohesion and coherence, and more. The concepts of scaffolding and writing frames, as well as writing tasks and materials are also thoroughly explored. The empirical part consists of a comparative analysis of descriptive writing tasks found in three English FL coursebooks (English File Elementary, Solutions Elementary, New Headway Elementary) and three Italian FL coursebooks (Nuovo Espresso 2, Al dente 2, Volentieri! A2), aiming to answer two research questions. Are descriptive writing tasks found in English FL coursebooks more comprehensive in comparison to those found in Italian FL coursebooks? If that is the case, which elements of the less structured and systematically developed descriptive writing tasks could be adapted or enhanced? English and Italian FL coursebooks offer a wide range of topics, and while some are completely different, there are quite a few that overlap. For this reason, the article focuses on the writing tasks found in units that cover the same or very similar topics; more specifically, the description of homes and living spaces, and the description of holidays and travelling. In addition, the empirical part includes two examples of descriptive writing tasks in Italian modified based on the findings of this research.V tem članku je predstavljena analiza in primerjava deskriptivnih (opisnih) pisnih nalog v učbenikih za angleščino in italijanščino kot tuja jezika (TJ) na ravni A2 po Skupnem evropskem jezikovnem okviru (SEJO). Teoretični del obravnava pisanje na splošno ter tudi na področju učenja in poučevanja tujih jezikov, s posebnim poudarkom na besedilnih vrstah, koheziji in koherenci. Temeljito sta predstavljena tudi koncepta odranja (scaffolding) in opornih točk pri pisanju, pa tudi razlike med pisanjem in razumevanjem pisnih besedil ter naloge in učna gradiva za razvijanje pisnega sporočanja. Empirični del je sestavljen iz primerjalne analize opisnih pisnih nalog v treh učbenikih za angleščino kot TJ (English File Elementary, Solutions Elementary, New Headway Elementary) in treh učbenikih za italijanščino kot TJ (Nuovo Espresso 2, Al dente 2, Volentieri! A2), ki obravnava dve raziskovalni vprašanji. Ali so deskriptivne (opisne) pisne naloge v učbenikih za angleščino kot tuji jezik bolj izčrpne od tistih v učbenikih za italijanščino kot tuji jezik? Če je odgovor pritrdilen, katere elemente manj strukturiranih in dodelanih deskriptivnih (opisnih) pisnih nalog bi bilo mogoče prilagoditi ali nadgraditi? Učbeniki za angleščino in italijanščino kot TJ sicer ponujajo zelo široko paleto tem, in čeprav se nekatere med sabo povsem razlikujejo, je med njimi tudi kar nekaj skupnih. Članek se zato osredotoča zgolj na naloge iz nekaterih enot, ki obravnavajo isto ali zelo podobno temo, in sicer opis hiše in njenih prostorov ter opis počitnic oz. potovanja. Empirični del vključuje poleg tega tudi dva primera deskriptivnih pisnih nalog v italijanščini prilagojenih na podlagi rezultatov te raziskave
Konferenca Digitalna humanistika ADHO DH 2025
Get PDFThis year\u27s DH2025 conference, organized by the Association of Digital Humanities Organizations (ADHO), was held under the slogan "Building Access and Accessibility, Open Science for All." With a strong program, largely thanks to the field\u27s committed community, the conference did not fully follow the principles it advocates. This article provides a summary of the conference and offers a critical reflection on the principles of access, accessibility, and value in the context of conferences.Letošnja konferenca DH2025 v organizaciji združenja organizacij digitalne humanistike ADHO je potekala pod geslom »graditi dostop in dostopnost, odprta znanost za vse«. Programsko močna predvsem po zaslugi angažirane skupnosti na tem raziskovalnem področju, konferenca v praksi ni v celoti sledila načelom, ki jih zagovarja. Prispevek poleg povzetka konference ponuja kritično obravnavo načel dostopa, dostopnosti in vrednosti v konferenčnem okolju
Španska državljanska vojna v sodobnem irskem zgodovinskem romanu
Get PDFThe Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) captured worldwide interest, generating a wealth of literature across multiple genres. In Ireland, this conflict sparked fervent debate, reflecting the nation’s own history of civil strife, with Irish volunteers joining both sides of the Spanish conflict. While conventional narratives often oversimplify the war as a clash of opposing ideologies, certain authors endeavour to offer nuanced portrayals that transcend binary interpretations. Drawing upon Kate McLoughlin’s insights into war representation, as delineated in Authoring War (2011), and Laura Saxton’s exploration of “accuracy” and “authenticity” in historical fiction, this article analyses three recent Irish historical novels –Dermot Bolger’s The Family on Paradise Pier (2005), Maurice Leitch’s Gone to Earth (2019), and Anamaría Crowe Serrano’s In the Dark (2021) – to explore how they re-create the complexities of the Spanish Civil War, examining their thematic depth, historical accuracy and narrative authenticity.Španska državljanska vojna (1936–1939) je pritegnila svetovno zanimanje in spodbudila nastanek bogatega nabora literarnih del različnih žanrov. Na Irskem je ta konflikt sprožil vroče razprave, ki so odražale lastno zgodovino državljanskih sporov, saj so se irski prostovoljci pridružili obema stranema v španskem konfliktu. Medtem ko konvencionalne pripovedi vojno pogosto poenostavljeno obravnavajo kot spopad nasprotujočih si ideologij, se nekateri avtorji trudijo izpostaviti nianse, ki presegajo binarne interpretacije. Na podlagi razprave o upodabljanju vojne Authoring War (2011) Kate McLoughlin in raziskave Laure Saxton o »točnosti« in »avtentičnosti« v zgodovinskih romanih, ta članek analizira tri sodobne irske zgodovinske romane: The Family on Paradise Pier (2005) Dermota Bolgerja, Gone to Earth (2019) Maurica Leitcha in In the Dark (2021) Anamaríe Crowe Serrano. Namen članka je pokazati, kako ti romani na novo zarisujejo kompleksnost španske državljanske vojne, ter preučiti njihovo tematsko poglobljenost, zgodovinsko točnost in avtentičnost pripovedi
(Ne)formalne prošnje v študentski e-pošti v akademskem okolju
Get PDFThis paper aims to provide an overview of the rhetorical strategies found in university students’ emails when they write to faculty members. The analysis is based on a self-compiled corpus of 100 emails written in English and sent to the author by the English major students at the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana over a one-year period. More specifically, the paper examines the sample for the use of forms of address and request strategies, such as the level of directness, internal modification and request perspective. The findings reveal a preference for conventionally indirect strategies and a significant use of consultative devices and subjectivizers. The results highlight the students’ awareness of formality and politeness in academic email communication, reflecting in most cases their sensitivity to the hierarchical nature of the student-teacher relationship.Prispevek ponuja pregled retoričnih strategij, ki jih študenti uporabljajo v svojih e-poštnih sporočilih učiteljem. Analiza temelji na lastno sestavljenem korpusu 100 e-poštnih sporočil v angleščini, ki so jih študenti angleškega jezika na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani v obdobju enega leta poslali avtorici prispevka. Preučuje uporabo nagovorov in strategij v prošnjah, kot so stopnja neposrednosti, notranja modifikacija in perspektiva prošnje. Ugotovitve kažejo na prevlado konvencionalno posrednih strategij ter izrazito uporabo posvetovalnih sredstev in subjektivizatorjev. Rezultati poudarjajo študentovo zavedanje formalnosti in vljudnosti v akademski e-poštni komunikaciji, kar v večini primerov odraža njihovo občutljivost za hierarhično naravo odnosa med študentom in učiteljem
VPLIV IZBIRE OBLAČILA NA OCENJEVANJE IZVEDBE IN DOJEMANJE LEPOTE
No full textThis study examines whether the type of leotard worn by female gymnasts affects judges\u27 performance evaluations and aesthetic perceptions. In light of the ongoing debate on sexism in sport and athletes\u27 autonomy over attire, the study compares traditional leotards with leg-covering unitards. Drawing on theories of cognitive bias and social information processing, it explores how expectations and stereotypes may influence judgments. In eight videos, gymnastics judges (N = 31) with varying judging experience and expertise rated the performance quality and aesthetic perception of the same gymnastic sequence performed by four gymnasts in two clothing conditions (i.e., 4 x 2). Results show no significant bias in judgments based on the type of leotard worn, regardless of age, judging experience, or expertise. The absence of judgment differences supports the view that allowing athletes to wear leg-covering unitards may not disadvantage them in competitions.Raziskava proučuje, ali vrsta dresa, ki ga nosijo telovadke, vpliva na sodniške ocene izvedbe in dojemanje lepote. Ob razpravi o spolni pristranskosti v športu ter o samostojnem odločanju športnic o oblačilih študija primerja klasični tekmovalni dres z enodelnim dresom, ki pokriva noge (dres z dolgimi hlačnicami). Izhajajoč iz teorij o miselnih pristranskostih in obdelavi družbenih podatkov raziskava preučuje, kako pričakovanja in stereotipi lahko vplivajo na presojo. V osmih videoposnetkih so telovadni sodniki in sodnice (N = 31) z različno dolgo sodniško izkušnjo in znanjem ocenjevali kakovost izvedbe in lepotno dojemanje iste telovadne sestave, ki so jo izvedle štiri telovadke v dveh oblačilnih različicah (4 × 2). Rezultati kažejo, da glede na vrsto dresa ni bilo značilne pristranskosti v ocenah, ne glede na starost, izkušnje ali strokovnost sodnikov. Odsotnost razlik v ocenah podpira stališče, da dovolitev nošenja dresov z dolgimi hlačnicami telovadk na tekmovanju ne postavlja v slabši položaj
Predmetno-specifične kompetence slovenskih učiteljev športne vzgoje glede na spol in delovno dobo
Get PDFThis cross-sectional study was designed to analyse the subject-specific professional competencies of Slovenian physical education teachers (PETs) according to their gender and years of teaching. The participants evaluated their professional competencies (N=40) with self-administered questionnaire on a four-level Likert scale. Factor analysis is used for the examination of the internal structure of the competencies field and MANOVA is used to determine differences in belief statements about their competencies between three groups of PETs with different gender and years of teaching. There is a discrepancy in self-efficacy to teach physical education (PE) between PETs of both genders with less years of teaching (<10y) and those with more years of teaching (>20). Teachers with less years of teaching (<10y) evaluated their own competencies higher on the factor Teaching methods (p < .001), while teachers with more years of teaching (>20y) on the factor Pedagogical and motivational strategies (p < .001). Female PETs with more years of teaching (>20y) evaluated their General didactic knowledge higher than their male counterparts (p = .019), while men evaluated their competencies higher on the factor Social aspects of sport (p = .006). Regardless of gender, however, on the factor Social aspects of sport, PETs with more years of teaching (>20y) evaluated their competencies higher than their counterparts with less years of teaching (<10y) (p = .013). The results of the survey confirm the need for the reintroduction of internships, mentoring by more experienced teachers to colleagues with less seniority, and a systematic process of continuous professional development, especially for teacher trainers.Namen študije je bil ugotoviti predmetno-specifične poklicne kompetence slovenskih učiteljev športne vzgoje (UŠV) glede na spol in leta poučevanja. Udeleženci so svoje poklicne kompetence (N=40) ocenjevali z vprašalnikom na štiristopenjski Likertovi lestvici. Za preučevanje notranje strukture kompetenc je bila uporabljena faktorska analiza, za ugotavljanje razlik v kompetencah med spoloma in tremi skupinami UŠV z različno dolžino delovne dobe pa MANOVA. Obstajajo razlike pri samozaznavanju dejanske kompetentnosti pri poučevanju športne vzgoje med UŠV obeh spolov s krajšo delovno dobo (<10 let) in tistimi, ki poučujejo dalj časa (>20 let). Učitelji s krajšo delovno dobo (<10 let) so bolje ocenili svoje kompetence pri dejavnikih, ki sestavljajo faktor učne metode (p < ,001), učitelji z daljšo delovno dobo (>20 let) pa pri dejavnikih, ki pojasnjujejo faktor pedagoške in motivacijske strategije (p < .001). Učiteljice ŠV z daljšo delovno dobo (>20 let) svoje splošno didaktično znanje ocenjujejo višje kot njihovi moški kolegi (p = .019), medtem ko moški svoje kompetence višje ocenjujejo v dejavnikih, ki predstavljajo faktor socialni vidiki športa (p = .006). Ne glede na spol v tem faktorju UŠV z daljšo delovno dobo (>20 let) ocenjujejo svoje kompetence višje kot njihovi mlajši kolegi (<10 let) (p = .013). Rezultati raziskave nakazujejo, da potrebujemo ponovno uvedbo sistematičnega pripravništva, mentorstvo izkušenejših učiteljev manj izkušenim kolegom in dobro zasnovan proces stalnega strokovnega spopolnjevanja, zlasti za mlajše učitelje
Slovenian word order based on a functional sentence perspective
Get PDFSlovenski besedni red temelji na členitvi po aktualnosti. Oblikujejo ga vsakokratna kontekstna aktualnost in zvrstno-stilske potrebe konkretnih sporočil. Povezanost stavčnočlenske in aktualnostnočlenitvene sestave se izraža tako, da spremenjena stavčnočlenska sestava v izhodišču in središču/ jedru spremeni zlasti sporočilno perspektivo povedi, in to brez stilne zaznamovanosti in poudarjanja.
Pri zgradbeni tematizaciji in sporočanjski rematizaciji na ravni celotnega sporočila in triadi izhodišče – prehod – središče na ravni stavčne povedi gre za vzajemno kontekstno (so)besedilno delovanje sporočanjske perspektive posamezne stavčne povedi z informativno zasičenostjo celotnega sporočila. Z upoštevanjem celotnega sporočilnega konteksta se znotraj stavčne povedi stvori shema, ki poteka z leve proti desni: lastna tema – tema (s težnjo v lastno temo ali v diatemo) – diatema – lastna tranzicija – tranzicija – rema – lastna rema, in v tem zaporedju raste in se stopnjuje tudi dinamičnost upovedovanja prvenstveno znotraj stavčne povedi, sicer pa tudi znotraj manjših nestavčnih skladenjskih enot; najvišjo stopnjo dinamičnosti imajo sestavine, ki ubesedujejo novosti.
V stavčni povedi ločujemo na vključene in priključene besednoredne položaje, v katerih se s kombinacijami konkretnih aktualnih sporočanjskih prvin/sestavin oblikuje aktualnostnočlenitveni besedni red. Pomensko in intonacijsko sta poudarjena in zato tudi obvezno zasedena začetni in končni položaj, sicer pa je aktualna funkcionalna perspektiva stavčne povedi glede stavčnočlenske in položajske zapolnitve praviloma vezana na konkretno besedilo in kontekst.Slovenian word order is based on the division of the sentence according to the principles of topicality and focus. It is shaped by the contextual topicality at any given moment and the genre-stylistic needs of specific messages. The connection between the sentence structure and the thematization-rematization of the entire message is expressed in such a way that a change in the sentence structure, in its topic and focus, primarily alters the communicative perspective of the utterance, without any stylistic emphasis or markedness.
In terms of structural thematization and communicative rematization at the level of the entire message, and the triad of topic–transition–focus at the sentence level, there is a mutual contextual (co-)textual interaction between the communicative perspective of the individual sentence and the informational saturation of the entire message. By taking into account the entire communicative context, a schema is created within the sentence, moving from left to right: theme proper – theme (with a tendency towards a theme proper or towards a diatema) – diatema – transition proper – transition – rheme – rheme proper. In this sequence, the degree of communicative dynamism (CD) increases and intensifies primarily within the sentence, but also within smaller non-sentential syntactic units. The highest degree of CD is achieved by components that express new information.
We distinguish between fully integrated and partially integrated word-order positions in the sentence, in which the functional sentence perspective is shaped by combinations of specific communicative elements/components. From both a semantic perspective and a sentence intonation standpoint, the initial and final positions are emphasized and thus obligatorily occupied. The current functional perspective of the sentence, regarding sentence structure and positional filling, is generally tied to the specific text and context
The Clause Order in a Slovenian Multiclause Sentence
Get PDFPrispevek se ukvarja z vrstnim redom stavkov v slovenski večstavčni povedi: proučuje možne vrstne rede stavkov in njihove omejitve za posamezna razmerja. Izhodišče predstavlja dvostavčna poved, vrstni red pa proučujemo glede na položaj vezniškega stavka, to je stavka, v katerem veznik je ali bi lahko bil. Možni vrstni redi so štirje: vezniški stavek stoji pred nevezniškim stavkom, vezniški stavek deli nevezniški stavek, vezniški stavek stoji za nevezniškim stavkom, nevezniški stavek deli vezniški stavek.The article deals with the clause order in Slovenian multiclause sentences: it examines possible clause orders and their constraints for specific relationships. The starting point is a two-clause sentence, and the clause order is examined in relation to the position of the conjunction clause, that is, the clause in which the conjunction is or could be. There are four possible clause orders: the conjunction clause stands before the non-conjunction clause, the conjunction clause is embedded within the non-conjunction clause, the conjunction clause follows the non-conjunction clause, and the non-conjunction clause divides the conjunction clause
ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESENCE OF FURUNCULOSIS IN CULTURED Oncorhynchus mykiss
Get PDFFurunculosis is a significant and pervasive disease affecting fresh and seawater fish globally. The disease is caused by a specific etiological agent, Aeromonas salmonicida, which leads to the formation of furuncles, or ulcerative muscle lesions, and other cutaneous manifestations such as red patches and skin discolouration. A total of 15 trout farms were visited, and 300 samples were taken from 60 individuals with an average live weight of 100-180 grams. Subsequently, the bacteria were identified through culture and MALDI-TOF. The severity of pathological symptoms correlates with the virulence of the disease. The agent has been detected in fish at temperatures between 15°C and 19°C. 40 % of the fish exhibited exophthalmus, 38.7% displayed sluggish swimming, 38.3% exhibited lethargic swimming, and 46.67 % exhibited loss of appetite. The prevalence of fish exhibiting pallor of the gills was 45%. Furthermore, 46.7% of the fish exhibited haemorrhages in the skin and fins. Ulcer formation on the skin was observed in 36.7% of the fish. An internal examination revealed the presence of bloody fluid accumulation in the intestines of the fish at a rate of 23.7%. Furthermore, 29% of the fish exhibited splenomegaly, while 23.3% displayed hepatomegaly and pigmentation changes. The aforementioned symptoms were observed with greater frequency on farms belonging to Group A. An examination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of A. salmonicida revealed that florfenicol (30 µg), enrofloxacin (10 µg), amikacin (10 µg) and gentamycin (10 µg) demonstrated sensitivity.
Ocena prisotnosti furunkuloze pri gojenih ribah Oncorhynchus mykiss
Izvleček: Furunkuloza je pomembna in vsesplošna bolezen, ki prizadene sladkovodne in morske ribe po vsem svetu. Bolezen povzroča specifičen etiološki dejavnik, Aeromonas salmonicida, ki povzroči nastanek furunklusov ali ulcerativnih mišičnih lezij in drugih kožnih manifestacij, kot so rdeče lise in razbarvanje kože. Obiskanih je bilo 15 ribogojnic postrvi, odvzetih pa je bilo 300 vzorcev 60 osebkov s povprečno živo težo 100-180 gramov. Nato so bile bakterije identificirane s kulturo in MALDI-TOF. Resnost patoloških simptomov je v korelaciji z virulentnostjo bolezni. Povzročitelj je bil odkrit v ribah pri temperaturah med 15°C in 19°C. 40 % rib je kazalo eksoftalmus, 38,7 % je pokazalo počasno plavanje, 38,3 % je pokazalo letargično plavanje in 46,67 % rib je pokazalo izgubo apetita. Prevalenca rib, ki so pokazale bledico škrg, je bila 45 %. Poleg tega je 46,7 % rib imelo krvavitve v koži in plavutih. Nastanek razjed na koži so opazili pri 36,7 % rib. Interni pregled je pokazal prisotnost nabiranja krvave tekočine v črevesju rib v 23,7 %. Poleg tega je 29% rib pokazalo splenomegalijo, medtem ko je 23,3% pokazalo hepatomegalijo in spremembe pigmentacije. Omenjene simptome smo pogosteje opazili na kmetijah skupine A. Preiskava protimikrobne občutljivosti A. salmonicida je pokazala, da so občutljivi florfenikol (30 µg), enrofloksacin (10 µg), amikacin (10 µg) in gentamicin (10 µg).
Ključne besede: Aeromonas salmonicida; antibiotik; ribogojnice; furunkuloza; razjed