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Silicij kot potencialno bioremediacijsko sredstvo za ublažitev toksičnosti aluminija v vodnih mikroalgah: Posledice za trajnostne kmetijske ekosisteme
Get PDFHeavy metal pollution in agricultural and aquatic ecosystems poses significant threats to microorganisms essential for ecological balance. Microalgae, as primary producers, are particularly vulnerable to such contaminants while being vital components of sustainable agricultural systems. This study investigated the comparative effects of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) on three economically important microalgae species: Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Tetraselmis suecica. Microalgae cultures were exposed to varying concentrations of aluminum (1, 10, and 100 mg/L) and silicon (100, 150, and 200 mg/L) for three weeks under controlled conditions. Aluminum treatment resulted in significant concentration-dependent growth inhibition (37-62%) and decreased total chlorophyll content, with observable morphological alterations including cell swelling and chlorophyll degradation. Conversely, silicon treatment exhibited minimal adverse effects on microalgal growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content compared to both Al-exposed and control groups. These findings suggest that silicon could serve as an effective protective agent against aluminum toxicity in aquatic ecosystems, with potential applications in agricultural water management and bioremediation of metal-contaminated irrigation systems. The study contributes to understanding metalloid interactions in aquatic microorganisms, supporting sustainable agricultural practices through improved water quality management and protection of beneficial microalgae in farm ecosystems.Onesnaženje s težkimi kovinami v kmetijskih in vodnih ekosistemih močno ogroža mikroorganizme, ki so bistveni za ekološko ravnovesje. Mikroalge kot primarni proizvajalci so še posebej občutljive na takšne onesnaževalce. V tej raziskavi so izvedli nadzorovan laboratorijski poskus, da bi ocenili in primerjali posebne vplive izpostavljenosti siliciju (Si) in aluminiju (Al) na rast, biomaso, vsebnost klorofila in morfologijo treh gospodarsko pomembnih vrst mikroalg: Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis in Tetraselmis suecica. Kulture so bile tri tedne v nadzorovanih razmerah izpostavljene različnim koncentracijam aluminija (1, 10 in 100 mg l-1) in silicija (100, 150 in 200 mg l-1). Rezultati so pokazali, da je aluminij povzročil pomembno, od koncentracije odvisno zaviranje rasti (37–62 %), zmanjšal skupno vsebnost klorofila in povzročil morfološke spremembe, kot sta nabrekanje celic in razgradnja klorofila. Nasprotno pa obravnavanje s silicijem ni pokazalo le minimalnih škodljivih učinkov, ampak tudi delno zaščitno vlogo z ohranjanjem večje rasti in večje vsebnosti klorofila v primerjavi s skupinami, izpostavljenimi Al. Te ugotovitve jasno kažejo, da lahko silicij ublaži toksičnost aluminija v mikroalgah in poveča njihovo odpornost na obremenitev s kovinami. Čeprav te ugotovitve niso neposredno uporabne za višje rastline, ponujajo vpogled v interakcije mikrobnih metaloidov, ki so pomembne za zaščito pridelka, posredovano s Si
Survey results from a students’ biological camp reaffirm high species richness of bats (Chiroptera) in South-western Slovenia
Get PDFJugozahodna Slovenija je poznana po visokem vrstnem bogastvu netopirjev, saj leži na stiku med submediteranskim in dinarskim svetom. Izraziti prehodi med biogeografskimi enotami se kažejo tudi v raznolikosti življenjskih okolij, kar ustreza številnim vrstam. Med 17. in 23. julijem 2022 smo v okviru študentskega biološkega raziskovalnega tabora Biocamp 011 na širšem območju Pivke popisovali netopirje s ciljem, da pregledamo čim več možnih najdišč in prispevamo k poznavanju netopirjev te regije. Podnevi smo netopirje popisovali v zatočiščih, ponoči pa smo jih lovili v mreže, kar smo občasno nadgradili s spremljanjem eholokacijskih klicev. Popisali smo 23 vrst netopirjev, vključujoč nekatere varstveno zanimivejše. Zaznali smo sedem kotišč Rhinolophus hipposideros ter eno kotišče Myotis brandtii. Slednje je bilo sicer poznano že od prej, vendar smo v času našega obiska zabeležili bistveno večje število živali kot v prehodnih raziskavah. Prav tako smo več kot podvojili število do sedaj ujetih Nyctalus lasiopterus v Sloveniji. Precejšen uspeh mreženj je verjetno posledica izredno sušnega poletja, ki je netopirje prisililo k zbiranju ob še obstoječih vodah. Visoko število zabeleženih vrst, ki ga lahko pripišemo tudi visoki prostorski raznovrstnosti z opaznimi prehodi med različnimi življenjskimi okolji, ponovno potrjuje visoko bogastvo netopirjev v JZ Sloveniji. Zaključujemo, da je smiselno nadaljevati s spremljanjem netopirjev na tem vrstno bogatem območju.Southwestern Slovenia is known for its high bat species richness, since it is located at the junction of the Submediterranean and Dinaric regions. Sharp transitions between biogeographic entities are also reflected in habitat diversity, which in turn suits multiple species. Between 17th and 23rd July 2022, we surveyed bats in a wider region surrounding Pivka as part of the students’ biological research camp Biocamp 011. Our goal was to visit as many potential bat sites as possible and to contribute to the knowledge of bats in the region. During the day, we surveyed bats at their roosts, while during the night we utilised the mist-netting method. Occasionally, the latter was upgraded with detecting bat echolocation calls. We detected 23 bat species, including some of greater conservational interest. We recorded seven Rhinolophus hipposideros nurseries and one nursery of M. brandtii. The latter had already been known, however, during our visit we noted a marked increase in present individual count in comparison to previous research. We also more than doubled the number of caught Nyctalus lasiopterus for Slovenia. The high success when performing mist-nettings is likely due to the extreme drought in the summer of 2022, which forced bats to aggregate near still existing water bodies. High numbers of detected species, which can also be attributed to high spatial heterogeneity with marked transition between different habitats, reaffirm high bat species richness of SW Slovenia. We conclude that it is sensible to continue with bat surveys in this species rich area
Joseph Sung-Yul PARK: In Pursuit of English: Language and Subjectivity in Neoliberal South Korea
Get PDFIn Pursuit of English presents an incisive aetiology of South Korea’s national obsession with the acquisition of English (“English fever”) and, more broadly, demonstrates the importance of subjectivity—emotions, perceptions, beliefs and the like—in understanding the relationship between language choice and the speaker’s situated environment. Park argues that 1) recent history and policy choices have turned English into an index of wealth, prestige, and good moral character in South Korea; and 2) the resulting subjectivities of language, consisting of such affects as desire, moral responsibility, anxiety, and insecurity, now perpetuate English fever as a neoliberal self-development project. In doing so, Park successfully makes the case for us to examine attitudes toward language-learning as a mechanism born of, and now serving, a particular political-economic and social paradigm.In Pursuit of English presents an incisive aetiology of South Korea’s national obsession with the acquisition of English (“English fever”) and, more broadly, demonstrates the importance of subjectivity—emotions, perceptions, beliefs and the like—in understanding the relationship between language choice and the speaker’s situated environment. Park argues that 1) recent history and policy choices have turned English into an index of wealth, prestige, and good moral character in South Korea; and 2) the resulting subjectivities of language, consisting of such affects as desire, moral responsibility, anxiety, and insecurity, now perpetuate English fever as a neoliberal self-development project. In doing so, Park successfully makes the case for us to examine attitudes toward language-learning as a mechanism born of, and now serving, a particular political-economic and social paradigm
KOSTNO-MIŠIČNE POŠKODBE V TELOVADBI: PREGLED VRST, VZROKOV IN POVEZANIH DEJAVNIKOV
No full textGymnastics encompasses various disciplines, including artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, trampoline gymnastics, acrobatics, aerobic gymnastics, parkour, and gymnastics for all. While there are many differences in characteristics, movement execution, and equipment, all disciplines involve brief and high-intensity movements. Athletes achieve extreme ranges of motion and generate and absorb significant forces while performing gymnastic elements. Consequently, gymnasts are prone to numerous injuries, with frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 9.4 injuries per 1000 hours of athlete exposure. The most common types of gymnastics injuries are sprains and strains. In females, lower limb injuries prevail, whereas males predominantly experience upper limb injuries. Specifically, the ankle, knee, and foot are frequent sites of injury in the lower limb, while the shoulder joint, wrist, and elbow are commonly affected in the upper limb. Spinal and head injuries occur less frequently. Identifying factors associated with injuries is important for their prevention. They can be classified as non-modifiable, potentially modifiable, and modifiable. By addressing the latter two groups of factors, we can contribute to reducing the incidence of injuries. The main intrinsic factors linked to injury onset include age, a rapid growth period, previous injuries, joint laxity and instability, limb asymmetry, abnormal muscle stiffness, stress, fear, and lack of focus, while the main extrinsic factors are early specialization, training volume and duration. Most injuries occur during artistic gymnastics routines, especially during the floor exercise. Although more injuries happen during training sessions, the injury rate is higher during competitions. Furthermore, a higher number of injuries is associated with less experienced coaches and inadequate equipment. Preventive measures for gymnastics injuries revolve around training equipment, and healthcare modifications. Optimal landing technique, balanced workload, and comprehensive rehabilitation are crucial, alongside addressing mental and emotional strain.Telovadba obsega različne panoge, kot je orodna telovadba, ritmika, skoki na prožnih ponjavah, akrobatika, telovadni plesi, ulična telovadba in telovadba za vse. Čeprav obstajajo številne razlike v značilnostih, izvajanju gibanja in opremi, vse panoge vključujejo kratke in visoko energetsko zahtevne gibe. Telovadci dosegajo skrajne obsege gibanja ter ustvarjajo in proizvajajo znatne sile med izvajanjem telovadnih prvin. Posledično so telovadci nagnjeni k številnim poškodbam. Frekvenca se giba od 0,5 do 9,4 poškodbe na 1000 ur vadbe telovadca. Najpogostejše vrste poškodb pri telovadbi so zvini in nategi. Pri ženskah prevladujejo poškodbe spodnjih okončin, pri moških pa zgornjih okončin. Natančneje gleženj, koleno in stopalo so pogosta mesta poškodb spodnjega uda, medtem ko so ramenski sklep, zapestje in komolec pogosto prizadeti na zgornjem udu. Redkeje se pojavljajo poškodbe hrbtenice in glave. Prepoznavanje dejavnikov, povezanih s poškodbami, je pomembno za njihovo preprečevanje. Lahko jih razvrstimo kot nespremenljive, potencialno spremenljive in spremenljive. Z obravnavo zadnjih dveh skupin dejavnikov lahko prispevamo k zmanjšanju pojavnosti poškodb. Glavni notranji dejavniki, povezani z nastankom poškodbe, vključujejo starost, obdobje hitre rasti, prejšnje poškodbe, ohlapnost in nestabilnost sklepov, nesomernost okončin, nenormalno togost mišic, stres, strah in pomanjkanje osredotočenosti, medtem ko so glavni zunanji dejavniki zgodnja usmerjenost, obseg in trajanje vadbe. Največ poškodb se zgodi med sestavami orodne telovadbe, zlasti med sestavo na parterju. Čeprav se več poškodb zgodi med vadbo, je stopnja poškodb večja na tekmovanjih. Poleg tega je večje število poškodb povezano z manj izkušenimi vaditelji in neustrezno opremo. Preprečevalni ukrepi za telovadne poškodbe se vrtijo okoli opreme za vadbo in sprememb zdravstvene oskrbe. Najprimernejša tehnika doskokov, uravnotežena delovna obremenitev in celovito okrevanje po poškodbi so poleg odpravljanja duševnih in čustvenih obremenitev ključnega pomena
Poetry Translators at the Crossroads and Intersections of Cultures
Get PDFČlanek se ukvarja s prevajanjem poezije, s praksami prevajalcev in njihovimi izzivi ob prevajanju, pri tem pa analizira prevodoslovne koncepte ter jih povezuje s področji kulturne in lingvistične antropologije. Raziskuje različne vidike in procese prevajanja poezije, s pomočjo katerih avtorica obravnava vprašanja o vlogi prevajalca, neprevedljivosti poezije, vplivu prevoda na jezik in o tem, kako lahko prevod prispeva k medkulturnemu razumevanju.The article deals with the translation of poetry, the practices and challenges of translators, analysing certain concepts of translation studies and linking them to the fields of cultural and linguistic anthropology. It explores the various aspects and processes of poetry translation through which the author discusses the role of the translator, the untranslatability of poetry, the impact of translation on language, and how translation can contribute to intercultural understanding
Ovrednotenje tolerance na slanost pri sejankah križancev nemške perunike (Iris × germanica L.)
Get PDFSalinity is an abiotic stress that primarily impacts plant development and agricultural productivity worldwide and typically occurs in arid and semi-arid areas. Less research has been done on the impact of salt irrigation on the growth and development of ornamental plants, particularly bulbous plants. In order to identify salt-tolerant Iris germanica L. genotypes, an experiment was carried out with four NaCl levels (4 as control, 6, 8, and 12 dS/m). The variation among genotypes caused different responses to salinity conditions. The results showed that the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of OPRC23 genotypes were superior to those of other genotypes. The highest peroxidase enzyme activity was observed at an 8 dS/m salinity level. The highest content of Chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid was obtained at a salinity level of 6 dS/m (NaCl). The OPRC54 genotype had the highest levels of chlorophyll a, b, and proline content at 12 dS/m salinity. In conclusion, different levels of salinity can expose different genotypes, which leads to the selection of specific salt tolerant genotypes.Slanost je abiotski stres, ki prvenstveno prizadane razvoj rastlin in ogroža kmetijsko pridelavo širom po svetu in se značilno pojavlja v sušnih in polsušnih območjih. Relativno manj raziskav je bilo opravljenih o vplivu namakanja s slano vodo, še posebno tistih na rastlinah z gomolji, korenikami in čebulicami. Z namenom ugotoviti toleranco na slanost pri genotipih nemške perunike (Iris × germanica L.) (štiri genotipi ko so obsegali OPRC 14,18, 23 in 54) je bil izveden poskus s štirimi ravnmi NaCl (4 kot kontrola, 6, 8, in 12 dS m-1). Variabilnost med genotipi je povzročila različen odziv na slanostne razmere. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bil genotip OPRC23 glede na mofološke, fiziološke in biokemijske lastnosti najbojši. Največja aktivnost peroksidaze je bila ugotovljena pri slanosti 8 dS m-1. Največja vsebnost klorofilov a, b in karotenoidov je bila pri slanosti 6 dS m-1(NaCl). Genotip OPRC54 je imel največjo vsebnost klorofilov a, b, in prolina pri slanost 12 dS m-1. Zaključimo lahko, da ispostavitev različnih genotipov različnim nivojem slanosti vodi k selekciji genotipov s specifično odpornostjo na slanost. V tem poskusu preučevani genotipi nemške perunike so bili odporni na slanostni stres in bi lahko bili zanimivi v tem pogledu za krajinske arhitekte
Od ničnosti do niča: Guo Xiangova nominalistična redukcija ontološke performativnosti wu 無
Get PDFIt is well-known that the Daoist tradition conceives the world as emerging from an unfathomable first principle called Dào 道 or wú 無. Early medieval thinkers and commentators such as Hé Yàn 何晏 and Wáng Bì 王弼 played a key role in the elaboration of this tenet. However, their views were challenged at an early date, especially by Guō Xiàng’s 郭象 influential reading of the Zhuāngzĭ 莊子. Moreover, since the early 20th century, scholars have stressed the originality of Guō Xiàng’s rejection of the onto-generative power of the Dào. However, even in recent scholarship, readers tend to refer to a selected set of passages from the Zhuāngzĭ Zhù 莊子注, and to focus mostly on doctrinal statements. By contrast, this study aims at exploring the exegetical and argumentative strategies by which Guō Xiàng establishes his understanding of Dào and wú. I intend to show that Guō Xiàng’s rejection is based on a reduction of the meaning of wú to its verbal use, and on what I will describe as a nominalist attitude in the Zhuāngzĭ Zhù. By doing so, this study shall provide new insights into Guō Xiàng’s worldview, and the ways in which he construes his core tenet, namely the idea that all the myriad things are self-so (zìrán 自然), self-generated (zìshēng 自生), and lone transforming (dúhuà 獨化). Dobro je znano, da po pojmovanju daoistične tradicije svet izhaja iz nepojmljivega prvotnega načela, imenovanega dao 道 ali wu 無. Zgodnjesrednjeveški misleci in komentatorji, kot sta He Yan 何晏 in Wang Bi 王弼, so imeli ključno vlogo pri izoblikovanju tega načela, vendar so bila njihova stališča zgodaj postavljena pod vprašaj, zlasti zaradi vplivnega branja dela Zhuangzi 莊子, ki ga je podal Guo Xiang 郭象. Poleg tega so učenjakinje in učenjaki od začetka 20. stoletja poudarjali izvirnost Guo Xiangove zavrnitve ontogenerativne moči daota. Vendar se tudi v sodobnih raziskavah bralci in bralke običajno sklicujejo na izbrani niz odlomkov iz dela Zhuangzi Zhu 莊子注 ter se osredotočajo predvsem na doktrinarne izjave. Ta študija pa si, nasprotno, prizadeva raziskati eksegetične in argumentativne strategije, s katerimi je Guo Xiang oblikoval svoje razumevanje konceptov dao in wu.Namen članka je pokazati, da Guo Xiangova zavrnitev temelji na redukciji pomena wu na njegov glagolski pomen in na tistem, kar avtor članka opiše kot nominalistična drža v delu Zhuangzi Zhu. S tem bo ta študija ponudila nove razumevanja Guo Xiangovega pogleda na svet in načine, s katerimi je oblikoval svoje osrednje načelo – namreč idejo, da so vse obstoječe entitete ziran 自然 (samonikle), zisheng 自生 (samogenerirane) in duhua 獨化 (samopreobražajoče)
Li Yong: Moral Partiality
Get PDFThis is a review of Li Yong\u27s book Moral partiality, in which he integrates Confucian and Aquinas\u27 reflections on morality. For Li Yong, moral partiality is rationally acceptable, and Confucius was a partialist.
Večklasifikatorske strukture v kitajščini: semantične predstavitve in mehanizem interpretacije
No full textAfter critically reviewing previous analyses, this paper proposes an alternative explanation, arguing that the basic structure of multiple classifier constructions (MCC) in Chinese is either number phrase + determiner phrase or vice versa, together forming a whole constituent. MCCs require a definite nominal phrase that can be bound by an existential quantificational operator. A nominal phrase that denotes specificity cannot be bound this way and thus cannot act as a distributor. The demonstrative acts as a quantificational or distributive operator that matches, individualizes, and marks the following constituent as singular or plural, representing both atoms and sets. This semantic property ensures that classification or distribution matching corresponds to the individual elements within the set referred to by the distributive share. MCCs thus allow two semantic interpretations.Po kritičnem pregledu dosedanjih analiz članek predlaga alternativno razlago, da je osnovna struktura večklasifikatorskih zvez (VKZ) v kitajščini bodisi števniška fraza + določna fraza, bodisi obratno, ki skupaj tvorita eno samo skladenjsko enoto. VKZ-ji zahtevajo določno samostalniško frazo, ki jo lahko veže eksistenčni kvantifikacijski operator. Samostalniška fraza, ki izraža specifičnost, se ne more vezati na ta način in zato ne more delovati kot distributor. Kazalni zaimek deluje kot količinski ali distributivni operator, ki vzpostavlja ujemanje ter individualizira in označi naslednjo enoto kot edninsko ali množinsko, s čimer predstavlja tako posamezne enote (atome) kot množice. Ta semantična lastnost omogoča razvrstitveno ujemanje posameznih elementov znotraj množice, na katero kaže distributivni delež, zaradi česar imajo vsi VKS-ji dve možni semantični interpretaciji
Kartezijanski politični subjekt: Descartes in Hobbes
No full textRené Descartes is usually presented in the history of philosophy as a thinker who established new foundations for the European scientific project. However, the political aspect of the Cartesian method is often overlooked. What were the socio-political reasons for Descartes’ turn to the cogito? Does the cogito enter into a certain contradiction when it transfers the foundation to God? And what does this dialectical play of foundations mean for the political? To answer these and other questions, this article conducts a comparative analysis of the views of René Descartes and Thomas Hobbes. It is known that both were adherents of the Cartesian method, which would suggest similarities in their political conclusions. However, this article argues that despite the similarity in their approaches, they arrive at different solutions for the dialectical resolution of the contradiction embedded in the Cartesian method.René Descartes je v zgodovini filozofije običajno predstavljen kot mislec, ki je postavil nove temelje za evropski znanstveni projekt, vendar pa se politični vidik kartezijanske metode pogosto spregleda. Kakšni so bili družbeno-politični razlogi za Descartesov obrat h cogito? Ali cogito ne vstopa v določeno protislovje, ko prenese temelj na Boga? In kaj ta dialektična igra temeljev pomeni za politično? Da bi odgovorili na ta in druga vprašanja, članek izvaja primerjalno analizo pogledov Renéja Descartesa in Thomasa Hobbesa. Znano je, da sta bila oba privrženca kartezijanske metode, kar na prvi pogled nakazuje podobnost njunih političnih zaključkov, vendar pa članek ugotavlja, da kljub podobnosti njunih pristopov prihajata do različnih pristopov k dialektičnemu razreševanju protislovja, vgrajenega v kartezijansko metodo