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Wooden packaging in the Slovenian bioeconomy
Get PDFHitra rast mednarodne trgovine in stalno povečevanje globalne potrošnje pomeni tudi povečano rabo embalaže in večanje količine odpadne embalaže, ki močno obremenjuje okolje. V skladu z EU Uredbo o embalaži in odpadni embalaži moramo povečati količine ponovno uporabljene in reciklirane embalaže. Lesena embalaža omogoča doseganje teh kriterijev in ima zaradi svojih lastnosti velik potencial za vključevanje v strategije trajnostnega, krožnega gospodarstva. Pomembno vlogo v logistični in proizvodni industriji ima transportna embalaža, pri čemer prevladujejo palete različnih dimenzij, v največji meri izdelane iz lesa. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti obseg proizvodnje lesene embalaže v slovenskem biogospodarstvu in oceniti, koliko hlodovine se uporabi za proizvodnjo lesene embalaže. Ugotavljamo, da proizvodnja raznovrstne lesene embalaže v Sloveniji konstantno narašča. V letu 2022 smo proizvedli 4,36 milijonov kosov ravnih palet in 0,775 milijona kosov zabojastih palet. Ugotavljamo, da je proizvodnja razdrobljena in ni natančnih podatkov o različnih vrstah lesene embalaže, količinah in vrstah lesa, iz katere se proizvaja, kot tudi ne količini popravljane in ponovno uporabljene lesene embalaže. Ocenjujemo, da smo v letu 2022 uporabili slabo petino razpoložljive hlodovine za proizvodnjo različnih vrst lesene embalaže, med katerimi prevladujejo ravne palete.The rapid growth of international trade and the constant increase in global consumption are also leading to the increased use of packaging and thus in packaging waste, which has a significant impact on the environment. According to the EU Regulation on Packaging and Packaging Waste, we must increase the proportion of reused and recycled packaging. Wooden packaging makes it possible to achieve these aims and, due to its properties, has great potential for inclusion in sustainable circular economy strategies. Transport packaging plays an important role in logistics and in the manufacturing industry, with pallets in various sizes, mostly made of wood, dominating. The aim of the study is to determine the volume of wooden packaging production in the Slovenian bioeconomy and to estimate the quantity of logs used for the production of wooden packaging. We find that the production of various wooden packaging in Slovenia is constantly increasing. In 2022, 4.36 million pieces of flat pallets were produced, and 0.775 million pieces of box pallets. We note that production is fragmented and there is no accurate data on the different types of wooden packaging, the quantities and types of wood from which they are made, and the extent of repair and reuse. We estimate that in 2022, just under a fifth of available logs were used to produce different types of wooden packaging, with flat pallets predominating
Parametric design of timber structures using digital engineering approaches
Get PDFV zadnjih desetletjih les ponovno pridobiva na pomenu kot ključni gradbeni material, predvsem zaradi napredka v tehnologiji in vse večje priljubljenosti organskih arhitekturnih oblik. Digitalizacija je omogočila razvoj naprednih orodij za oblikovanje kompleksnih geometrij, kar arhitektom in inženirjem odpira nove možnosti pri ustvarjanju inovativnih, ukrivljenih struktur. Sodobni inženirski lesni materiali, ki se odlikujejo po izjemni nosilnosti, prilagodljivosti in trajnosti, postajajo prva izbira za realizacijo drznih arhitekturnih zasnov. Z digitalno podprtim oblikovanjem in proizvodnjo lahko ustvarimo konstrukcije, ki bi bile s tradicionalnimi metodami izjemno zahtevne ali celo neizvedljive. V okviru raziskave smo se osredotočili na razvoj parametričnih lesenih konstrukcij s pomočjo sodobnih digitalnih tehnologij in inženirskih pristopov. Analizirali smo primere parametričnega oblikovanja, kjer se s pomočjo algoritmičnih orodij generirajo kompleksne geometrijske strukture. Razvili in izdelali smo več eksperimentalnih modelov, ki demonstrirajo potencial takšnega pristopa pri oblikovanju sodobnih lesenih konstrukcij.In recent decades, wood has been regaining importance as a key building material, primarily due to technological advances and the growing popularity of organic architectural forms. Digitalization has enabled the development of advanced design tools for complex geometries, providing architects and engineers with new opportunities to create innovative, curved structures. Modern engineered wood materials, distinguished by their exceptional load-bearing capacity, flexibility, and durability, are becoming the preferred choice for realizing bold architectural concepts. With digitally supported design and manufacturing, it is possible to create structures that would be extremely challenging or even unfeasible using traditional methods. In our research, we focused on the development of parametric wooden structures using contemporary digital technologies and engineering approaches. We analysed case studies of parametric design, where algorithmic tools generate complex geometric structures. Based on this, we developed and produced several experimental models that demonstrate the potential of this approach with regard to contemporary timber constructions
Plasma technologies for improving the efficiency of mycoremediation of lignocellulosic materials
Get PDFZaradi vse večje obremenjenosti okolja s potencialno toksičnimi snovmi je ključnega pomena razvijati učinkovite pristope za njihovo odstranjevanje ali pretvorbo v manj škodljive oblike. Eden od obetavnih pristopov je mikoremediacija, proces čiščenja onesnaženih okolij s pomočjo gliv. Ta metoda velja za okolju prijazno, saj temelji na naravnih bioloških mehanizmih, ki v naravi potekajo spontano. Uporaba naprednih tehnoloških pristopov, zlasti ustrezne predobdelave substrata, lahko dodatno poveča učinkovitost mikoremediacije. V članku se osredotočamo na mikoremediacijo lignoceluloznih materialov, ki so lahko tudi sami vir onesnaženja zaradi prisotnosti potencialno toksičnih kovin v zaščitnih sredstvih ter kemikalij v lepilih in premazih. Ena od naprednih tehnologij za optimizacijo mikoremediacije je predobdelava lignoceluloznega substrata z atmosfersko netermično plazmo (ANTP) ter plazemsko aktivirano vodo (PAW), ki lahko izboljšata pogoje za rast in encimsko aktivnost gliv pri razgradnji onesnažil, hkrati pa delujeta tudi kot učinkoviti metodi sterilizacije substrata. V tem prispevku smo sistematično povzeli učinke ANTP in PAW na lignocelulozne substrate za predpripravo v mikoremediaciji.Due to the growing environmental challenges posed by potentially toxic substances, it has become crucial to develop effective methods for their removal or conversion into less harmful forms. One promising strategy in this regard is mycoremediation – the process of utilising fungi to cleanse contaminated environments. This approach is considered environmentally friendly as it leverages natural biological mechanisms that occur spontaneously in nature. The implementation of advanced technological methods, particularly through appropriate substrate pretreatment, can significantly enhance the efficacy of mycoremediation. This article focuses specifically on the mycoremediation of lignocellulosic materials, which can themselves contribute to pollution through the presence of toxic metals in wood preservatives and the chemicals found in adhesives and coatings. One innovative technology for optimizing mycoremediation involves the pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates using atmospheric non-thermal plasma (ANTP) and plasma-activated water (PAW). These techniques not only improve conditions for fungal growth and enzymatic activity during pollutant degradation, but also serve as effective sterilization methods for the substrates. In this paper, we systematically summarize the impacts of ANTP and PAW on lignocellulosic substrates in the context of their pretreatment for mycoremediation
ODHOD IZ VRHUNSKE ORODNE TELOVADBE V BRAZILIJI: RAZLOGI ZA PRENEHANJE UKVARJANJA
No full textThe retirement from elite Artistic Gymnastics represent a crucial moment in the careers of athletes who have devoted a significant portion of their lives to the sport. This phenomenon not only marks the conclusion of a competitive journey but also prompts fundamental questions regarding the transition to a new phase in the lives of these gymnasts. In this context, this article endeavors to explore the factors that influence the decision to retire from elite Artistic Gymnastics in Brazil. Understanding these aspects is paramount not only for researchers but also for coaches, sports managers, and athletes alike, aiming to facilitate a smoother and more successful transition to post-competition life. The research adopted a qualitative approach, employing a descriptive study design, with semi-structured interviews as the chosen technique. The study involved 12 participants, former Brazilian Artistic Gymnastics athletes aged over 18, who retired from 2000 onwards. Throughout our investigation, we observed that athletes retired due to both voluntarily and involuntarily factors. Specially, four athletes retired due to injury (in the hip, shoulder, and lower back), one was dismissed from the club, and seven athletes retired by choice (to meet objectives, reaching the physical limit, pursuing higher education, seeking improved financial prospects, and experiencing conflicts with coaches or managers of the Brazilian national team). In conclusion, the transition of these athletes to post-competition life is a multifaceted process encompassing not only physical considerations but also emotional and social dimensions. Recognizing the factors to better address this challenge is imperative to ensure that gymnasts receive adequate support during this critical phase of transition.Prenehanje tekmovalne poti v vrhunski orodni telovadbi je za telovadke in telovadce, ki so velik del življenja posvetili tekmovanju, odločilen trenutek. Članek obravnava dejavnike, ki vplivajo na odločitev o prenehanju v brazilskem okolju. Razumevanje teh vidikov je pomembno ne le za raziskovalce, temveč tudi za vaditelje, športne vodje ter telovadke in telovadce same, saj lahko pomaga k lažjemu in uspešnejšemu prehodu v življenje po vrhunskem športu. Raziskava je imela kakovosten pristop z opisno-razlagalno zasnovo, podatke pa smo zbrali s pol strukturiranimi razgovori. V vzorec je bilo vključenih 12 nekdanjih vrhunskih orodnih telovadk in telovadcev, starih nad 18 let, ki so prenehali med letoma 2001 in 2020. Rezultati so pokazali, da so k prenehanju vodili prostovoljni in neprostovoljni razlogi. Štirje telovadci so prenehali zaradi poškodb (kolk, rama, spodnji del hrbta), enega je izključilo njegovo društvo, sedem pa jih je prenehalo po lastni izbiri. Med navedenimi razlogi so bili: doseženi cilji, dosežene telesne meje, vpis na študij, iskanje boljših denarnih možnosti ter spori z vaditelji ali vodstvom brazilske vrste. Sklepno: odločitev o prenehanju vrhunskega ukvarjanja s telovadbo je večplastna – poleg telesnih vključuje tudi čustvene in družbene razsežnosti. Njihovo prepoznavanje in obravnava sta nujna za boljšo podporo telovadcem v tem ključnem življenjskem prehodu
The placement of clitics in Old Church Slavonic
Get PDFČlanek obravnava stavo naslonk v starocerkvenoslovanskih kanonskih besedilh v odnosu do rekonstruiranega indoevropskega prajezičnega stanja. Dosedanja dognanja dopolnjuje vzorčna študija stave naslonk v Marijanskem evangeliju, enem najstarejših in jezikovno najbolj arhaičnih starocerkvenoslovanskih spomenikov. Študija pokaže, da sta stavo naslonk v stari cerkveni slovanščini v splošnem urejala dva principa: (1) etimološki princip, po katerem naslonke prajezične starosti stojijo v položaju za prvo naglasnico v stavku, mlajše naslonke pa v zaglagolskem položaju, in (2) princip, vezan na strukturo stavka, po katerem v nikalnem in vprašalnem glavnem stavku ter v odvisnem stavku naslonke ne glede na starost stojijo neposredno za nikalnico oz. vprašalnico oz. veznikom. Omenjena principa predstavljata tendenci in ne izključujeta posameznih odstopanj. Le-ta je možno pojasniti s pomočjo analogije ali vpliva besednega reda grške predloge. Članek z odkrivanjem prepleta sinhronih in diahronih dejavnikov stave naslonskih oblik v starocerkvenoslovanskem jezikovnem sistemu nudi izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskave, ki bi zajele celotni starocerkvenoslovanski besedilni kanon, in odpira prostor za razpravo o diahroni interpretaciji stave breznaglasnic v stari cerkveni slovanščini v širšem slovanskem in indoevropskem kontekstu.The article examines the placement of clitics in Old Church Slavonic canonical texts in relation to the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European linguistic state. It complements existing findings with a case study on the placement of clitics in the Gospel text of the Codex Marianus, one of the oldest and linguistically most archaic Old Church Slavonic monuments. The study demonstrates that the placement of clitics in Old Church Slavonic was generally governed by two principles: (1) the etymological principle, according to which clitics of Proto-Indo-European origin are positioned after the first stressed word in a sentence, while younger clitics are placed post-verbally; and (2) the syntactic principle, according to which, in negative and interrogative main clauses as well as in subordinate clauses, clitics – regardless of their age – are positioned immediately after the negation, question word, or conjunction. These principles represent tendencies and do not exclude individual deviations, which can be explained by analogy or the influence of the word order in the Greek Vorlage. By uncovering the interplay of synchronic and diachronic factors influencing clitic placement in the Old Church Slavonic linguistic system, the article provides a basis for further research that would encompass the entire Old Church Slavonic canon. It also opens the door for discussions on the diachronic interpretation of clitic placement in Old Church Slavonic within the broader Slavic and Indo-European context
Mednarodni znanstveni simpozij Govor. Glas. Identiteta.: Ljubljana, Akademija za gledališče, radio, film in televizijo Univerze v Ljubljani, 29. 9.–1. 10. 2025
Get PDFDogodek se umešča v tradicijo znanstvenih srečevanj na temo umetniškega govora, ki na UL AGRFT potekajo od začetka tretjega tisočletja in so v slovenski prostor vnesla sistematično raziskovanje te discipline. Tokratni simpozij je omogočil prostor za znanstveni diskurz o glasu ter obenem odprl nova vprašanja, ki govor razumejo kot del širšega pojmovnega polja glasu in njegove utelešenosti.Dogodek se umešča v tradicijo znanstvenih srečevanj na temo umetniškega govora, ki na UL AGRFT potekajo od začetka tretjega tisočletja in so v slovenski prostor vnesla sistematično raziskovanje te discipline. Tokratni simpozij je omogočil prostor za znanstveni diskurz o glasu ter obenem odprl nova vprašanja, ki govor razumejo kot del širšega pojmovnega polja glasu in njegove utelešenosti
EVALUATING SEASONAL SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN PIGS FROM ORGANIC FARMS
Get PDFVitamin D is an essential micronutrient in pig production as it plays an important role in many physiological functions. The aim of this study was to determine serum vitamin D concentration and growth performance in pigs reared on organic farms in different seasons. A total of 109 Krškopolje pigs were selected for this study. Pigs were divided into three groups: low altitude outdoor group A (N = 39), high altitude outdoor group B (N = 36) and indoor group C (N = 34). Blood samples and body weights were collected seasonally in 2022 and 2023. Serum vitamin D levels peaked in summer for outdoor groups A (69.3 ±2.6 ng/ml) and B (65.3 ±4.4 ng/ml) and were the lowest in winter (group A 21.5 ±2.2, group B 35.2 ±2.5). Altitude had no significant effect on vitamin D levels except in winter (p<0.001). Housing type significantly influenced vitamin D levels in every season between groups B and C, and in spring, summer, and autumn between groups A and C. Pigs in the outdoor group A showed higher average final body weights (151.2 ±7.5 kg in 2022 and 146.8 ±3.8 kg in 2023) than those in group C (132.7 ±11.3 kg and 118.5 ±6.9 kg), though this should be interpreted cautiously given variability in initial weights.
Ocena sezonskih ravni vitamina D v serumu in rastne zmogljivosti pri prašičih z ekoloških kmetij
Izvleček: Vitamin D je bistveno mikrohranilo v prašičereji, saj ima pomembno vlogo pri številnih fizioloških funkcijah. Cilj študije je bil določiti koncentracijo vitamina D v serumu in rastno zmogljivost prašičev, vzrejenih na ekoloških kmetijah v različnih letnih časih. Za študijo je bilo izbranih skupaj 109 prašičev krškopoljske pasme. Prašiči so bili razdeljeni v tri skupine: skupino A na nizki nadmorski višini na prostem (N = 39), skupino B na visoki nadmorski višini na prostem (N = 36) in skupino C v hlevu (N = 34). Vzorci krvi in telesne mase so bili odvzeti sezonsko v letih 2022 in 2023. Raven vitamina D v serumu je bila najvišja poleti za skupini A (69,3 ± 2,6 ng/ml) in B (65,3 ± 4,4 ng/ml), ki sta bili na prostem, najnižja pa pozimi (skupina A 21,5 ± 2,2, skupina B 35,2 ± 2,5). Nadmorska višina ni imela pomembnega vpliva na raven vitamina D, razen pozimi (p < 0,001). Vrsta hlevov je pomembno vplivala na ravni vitamina D v vseh letnih časih med skupinama B in C ter spomladi, poleti in jeseni med skupinama A in C. Prašiči v skupini A, ki so bili na prostem, so imeli višjo povprečno končno telesno maso (151,2 ±7,5 kg v letu 2022 in 146,8 ±3,8 kg v letu 2023) kot prašiči v skupini C (132,7 ±11,3 kg in 118,5 ±6,9 kg), čeprav je to treba razlagati previdno, glede na spremenljivost začetnih mas.
Ključne besede: vitamin D; koncentracije v serumu; dobrobit prašičev; ekološka kmetija; ras
PROPHYLACTIC SURGICAL REMOVAL OF ASYMPTOMATIC LARGE PEDUNCULATED HEPATIC FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA IN A DOG
Get PDFA Shetland sheepdog was referred to us for splenomegaly. Blood examination revealed elevated activities of hepatic enzymes. Computed tomography revealed a hypoattenuated splenic mass and a large hepatic mass (size: 97 × 81 × 31 mm) connected to the left lateral lobe by a pedicle and iso-attenuating to the normal hepatic parenchyma. Imaging findings of the liver mass were consistent with benign changes. Surgical resection and definitive diagnosis through histopathological assessment were performed. Intraoperatively, partial torsion of the pedicle was observed. A thoracoabdominal stapler was used for resecting the pedunculated liver mass. Diagnoses of splenic hematoma and pedunculated focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver were confirmed and surgical resection normalized the hepatic enzyme levels and eliminated the risk of rupture and torsion. This is the first report of a pedunculated focal nodular hyperplasia with a size of > 5 cm and good clinical outcome after surgical resection in a dog. In veterinary medicine, there is no definitive indication for the resection of pedunculated hepatic nodular hyperplasia. Even without imaging evidence of torsion or rupture of large pedunculated liver masses, it is important to consider prophylactic removal
TRANSLATION ONCOLOGY THROUGH THE ONE HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFTranslational research, including translation oncology, bridges the gap between basic research and clinical practise by bringing together disciplines, resources, expertise and techniques to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Veterinary medicine plays a critical and integral part in helping translate recent advancements in therapeutic opportunities from bench to bedside, helping animal and human patients alike. To connect and involve researchers from all areas of life sciences, it is also important to present the results to promote translational studies and share their importance.
Translacijska onkologija skozi perspektivo enega zdravja
Izvleček: Translacijske raziskave, vključno s translacijsko onkologijo, zapolnjujejo vrzel med temeljnimi raziskavami in klinično prakso s povezovanjem disciplin, virov, strokovnega znanja in tehnik za izboljšanje preprečevanja, diagnosticiranja in zdravljenja bolezni. Veterinarska medicina ima ključno vlogo pri prenosu novih načinov zdravljenja iz predkliničnih raziskav v klinično prakso, kar prinaša dobrobit tako bolnim živalim, kot ljudem. Pomembno je tudi seznanjanje širše javnosti z rezultati raziskav in njihovega pomena, z namenom spodbujanja translacijskih študij.
Ključne besede: eno zdravje; prevodna onkologija; elektrokemoterapija; genski elektrotransfer, IL-1
ANIMAL WELFARE AND THE HUMAN-ANIMAL BOND IN STUDENT EDUCATION – HOW CAN WE UNDERSTAND ANIMAL FEELINGS? HOW DO WE ASK FOR CONSENT FROM A HORSE?
Get PDFStudents in veterinary education want positive interactions with their clients, but learn that a stressed animal can become unpredictable. If students can learn how to measure or evaluate the animal’s affective state before the physical exam, they can begin to prepare for the animal’s reactions. For example, assessing a cat’s facial expression in routine communication (Erjavec and Kovacic, 2023). To do this, it includes understanding the veterinary role in the human-animal bond.
Dobrobit živali in povezanost s človekom v izobraževalnem procesu – kako razumeti živalske občutke? Kako pri konjih vzbujati voljo za sodelovanje?
Študenti veterine si želijo pozitivnih odnosov z živalmi, vendar se naučijo, da je žival v stresu lahko nepredvidljiva. Če se študenti poučijo o tem, kako izmeriti ali oceniti počutje živali pred pregledom, se lahko pripravijo na njihove odzive. Takšen primer je ocenjevanje obrazne mimike mačke pri rutinski obravnavi (Erjavec in Kovačič, 2023). Da bi to lahko storili, je potrebno razumeti vlogo veterinarja v vezi med človekom in živaljo.
Ključne besede: dobrobit živali; konji; študij veterine; vez med človekom in živalj