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Nova naprava za merjenje lateralne abdominalne sile
Full text linkA positive relationship between intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and activation of m. transversus abdominis (TrA) is well established, enabling the non-invasive prediction of IAP from an EMG TrA signal. Since lateral abdominal force (LAF) may also be related to IAP, a new sensor device for measuring LAF was developed to assess IAP. Sixteen subjects performed two progressive isometric shoulder flexions to their maximum to induce IAP. The LAF and surface EMG of the TrA muscle were measured. Lateral abdominal force was analyzed for reliability and validity regarding the EMG TrA signal. For each individual, correlation coefficients between the EMG TrA and lateral abdominal force sensor (LAFS) signals were significant and ranged from 0.886 to 0.994. In all cases, the EMG TrA signal made a significant contribution (p < 0.001) when predicting the LAFS signal, while the linear prediction of the LAFS signal yielded a small error of estimation. The interclass correlation confirmed consistency between two repetitions. Results provide that the LAFS might estimate IAP in a simple and non-invasive way. The new device also has the potential to detect the start of the increase in IAP before the action, a principle important for lumbar spine protectionPozitivna korelacija med znotrajtrebušnim pritiskom (IAP) in aktivacijo mišice transversus abdominis (TrA) omogoča neinvazivno merjenje IAP preko zaznavanja signala EMG TrA. V članku ugotavljamo povezanost med EMG signalom TrA in lateralno abdominalno silo (LAF), merjeno z novo zasnovano napravo, s pomočjo katere bi lahko enostavno ocenili znotrajtrebušni pritisk. Šestnajst merjencev je izvedlo dve največji hoteni izometrični fleksiji ramena s postopnim naraščanjem sile, da bi povečali IAP. Med nalogo sta bili izmerjeni LAF in površinski EMG mišice TrA. Korelacijski koeficient med signalom senzorja za lateralno abdominalno silo (LAFS) in signalom EMG TrA je bil pri posameznih merjencih med 0.886 in 0.994 in je bil pri vseh statistično značilen (p < 0.001), hkrati pa je bila napaka ocene IAP s pomočjo EMG TrA majhna. Medrazredni korelacijski koeficient je potrdil skladnost dveh ponovitev. Raziskava ugotavlja visoko povezanost med EMG TrA in LAFS, s čimer podpira idejo, da je mogoče iz signala LAFS oceniti IAP na enostaven in neinvaziven način. Nova naprava hkrati predstavlja potencialno možnost zaznavanja začetka povečanja IAP že pred akcijo, ki je pomemben varnostni mehanizem lumbalne hrbtenice
Verb clitics in clitic clusters in Slovenian dialects
Full text linkČlanek obravnava štiri pojave slovenskega narečnega besednega reda. Dva izmed njih sta arhaična – naslonka bi in sedanjiške oblike glagola biti na koncu naslonskega niza. Druga dva pa bolj dosledno kot sodobna knjižna sloveščina izkazujeta skupno južnoslovansko težnjo po dviganju glagolskih naslonk na začetek niza: to sta 3. os. ed. sedanjika in prihodnjiške oblike glagola biti na začetku niza. Analizirani so zapisi spontanega narečnega govora v skupnem obsegu 2505 strani iz 107 znanstvenih del in skladenjsko zanesljivih poljudnoznanstvenih knjig iz zbirke Glasovi, zapisanih po pripovedi naravnih govorcev posameznih narečij. Merila za izbor narečnega gradiva so potrjena skladenjska prvotnost/avtentičnost (tj. odsotnost približevanja knjižnemu jeziku), prozaičnost besedila in njegova dostopnost. Zaradi tega je gostota gradiva neenakomerna.The article deals with four phenomena of Slovenian dialect word order. Two of them are archaic – the clitic bi and the present forms of the verb biti at the end of clitic clusters. Two other phenomena more consistently than the modern standard Slovenian language reflect the common South Slavic Slavic verb clitics’ tendency to climb to the left border of the cluster. These are the Praes.3Sg and Fut forms of the verb biti at the beginning of the cluster.
Records of spontaneous dialect speech in a total range of 2,505 pages from 107 scientific works and syntactically reliable books of the Glasovi collection are analyzed. Each one of the four phenomena is illustrated with a map. The maps contain 288 points that cover 452 settlements of the Slovene language space, ie. Slovenia and Slovenians abroad in all neighboring countries. The criteria for the selection of dialect material are confirmed syntactic correctness (ie. absence of a “literary” adaptation), prose nature of the text and its accessibility. Because of this density of the material is uneven. As can be seen from the maps, both archaic phenomena are most preserved in the Littoral dialects, but their areas do not match. Although it would seem logical that innovative and archaic phenomena should not appear in the same territory, a complex combination of factors leads to the fact that both innovative and both archaic phenomena are found in the same points in the south of the Inner Carniolan dialect
THE GROWING POTENTIAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE RESEARCH IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
Full text linkExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, information-rich subcellular structures that have attracted considerable attention in the scientific community. Their ubiquitous presence in the body and their natural role as cellular messengers make them valuable indicators of the physiological and pathological state of cells and tissues. Currently, the number of specific studies on the presence, properties and role of EVs in all life forms is increasing exponentially. In veterinary medicine, EVs are still relatively under-researched, and we have only recently begun to explore their potential.
Naraščajoči potencial raziskav zunajceličnih veziklov v veterinarski medicini
Zunajcelični vezikli (ZV) so majhne, informacijsko bogate subcelične strukture, ki so v znanstveni skupnosti pritegnile veliko pozornosti. Zaradi njihove vsesplošne prisotnosti v telesu in njihove naravne vloge kot prenašalci informacij so dragoceni pokazatelji fiziološkega in patološkega stanja celic in tkiv. V tem trenutku število študij o prisotnosti, lastnostih in vlogi ZV v vseh oblikah življenja eksponentno narašča. V veterinarski medicini so ZV še vedno razmeroma slabo proučeni in šele pred kratkim smo začeli bolj natančno raziskovati njihov potencial
COLOCOLIC INTUSSUSCEPTION ASSOCIATED WITH INTESTINAL LEIOMYOSARCOMA IN A DOG
Full text linkA 7-year-old neutered Standard Poodle was admitted due to chronic bloody diarrhea. The owner reported that the symptoms began approximately 5 months prior, including diarrhea, hyporexia, tenesmus, and weight loss. After performing a clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, plain radiography, and contrast rectal radiography, a diagnosis of colocolonic intussusception was made and confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. The procedure revealed that the cause of the obstruction and trigger of the intussusception was a mass that occluded more than 80% of the intestinal lumen. Histopathological analysis identified the mass as an intestinal leiomyosarcoma. This case represents one of the few published cases of colonic intussusception of neoplastic origin in a dog and highlights the utility of abdominal ultrasound and rectal contrast radiography for a timely diagnosis. Additionally, the complications associated with the therapeutic approach are emphasized.
Kolokolična intususcepcija, povezana s črevesnim leiomiosarkomom pri psu
Izvleček: Sedemletni kastrirani pudelj je bil sprejet zaradi kronične krvaveče driske. Lastnik je povedal, da so se simptomi začeli pred približno petimi meseci, vključno z drisko, hiporeksijo, tenezmi in izgubo telesne teže. Po opravljenem kliničnem pregledu, ultrazvočnem pregledu trebuha, navadni radiografiji in kontrastni rektalni radiografiji je bila postavljena diagnoza kolokolične intususcepcije, potrjene z eksplorativno laparotomijo. Postopek je pokazal, da je bila vzrok za zaporo in sprožitev intususcepcije masa, ki je zapirala več kot 80 odstotkov lumna črevesa. Histopatološka analiza je razkrila, da gre za črevesni leiomiosarkom. Ta primer je eden redkih objavljenih primerov intususcepcije debelega črevesa neoplastičnega izvora pri psu in poudarja uporabnost ultrazvoka trebuha in rektalne kontrastne radiografije za pravočasno diagnozo. Poleg tega so poudarjeni zapleti, povezani s terapevtskim pristopom.
Ključne besede: intususcepcija; črevesna obstrukcija; kontrastna radiografija; črevesne neoplazme; leiomiosarko
PREVALENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 AND THE PRESENCE OF TOXIN GENES IN BUFFALO FECES AND MILK
Full text linkEscherichia coli (E. coli) strains that produce Shiga toxin (stx) are among the most important causative agents of foodborne diseases. Cattle are the main reservoir of bacteria that can be transmitted to humans through the contaminated food chain. While Novobiocin-supplemented Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) was used for bacterial pre-enrichment, the homogenate was first inoculated onto Cefixime Tellurite Sorbitol-MacConkey (CT-SMAC) agar and then onto 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (MUG)–Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA) medium, respectively. Conventional and latex agglutination test methods identified colonies that did not ferment the sorbitol that grew here. Sorbitol-negative E. coli was detected in 32 (29.62%) of the buffalo feces samples and 23 (21.29%) of the raw milk samples. While the O157 antigen was detected in 9 (8.33%) of stool samples and 3 (2.77%) of raw milk samples, the H7 antigen was not found. With real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, stx toxin was observed in 21 (18.44%) stool samples and 12 (11.11%) raw milk samples. Despite the absence of the H7 antigen in all of the samples studied, the presence of the O157 antigen and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) toxin was detected at a high rate. To ensure the raw milk quality, the personnel working effectively and continuously in the milk production line should be trained on food safety/health and hygiene practices. In addition, stricter regulations and strategies should be determined to protect public health.
Razširjenost bakterije Escherichia coli O157:H7 in prisotnost toksinskih genov v bizonjih iztrebkih in mleku
Izvleček: Sevi Escherichie coli (E. coli), ki proizvajajo toksin šiga (stx), so med najpomembnejšimi povzročitelji bolezni, ki se prenašajo s hrano. Govedo je glavni rezervoar bakterij, ki se lahko prenesejo na ljudi v kontaminirani prehranski verigi. Medtem ko je bilo za predhodno obogatitev uporabljeno triptonsko sojino gojišče (TSB), dopolnjeno z novobiocinom, je bil homogenat najprej nacepljen na agar CT-SMAC (Cefixime Tellurite Sorbitol-MacConkey) in nato na gojišče VRBA-MUG (Violet Red Bile Agar – VRBA in 4-metilumbelliferil-β-D-glukuronid – MUG). S konvencionalnimi metodami in metodami lateksne aglutinacije so bile ugotovljene bakterijske kolonije, ki niso fermentirale sorbitola. Sorbitol-negativna E. coli je bila odkrita v 32 (29,62 %) vzorcih bivoljih iztrebkov in 23 (21,29 %) vzorcih surovega mleka. Antigen O157 je bil odkrit v 9 (8,33 %) vzorcih blata in 3 (2,77 %) vzorcih surovega mleka, antigen H7 pa v nobenem. S polimerazno verižno reakcijo v realnem času je bil toksin stx ugotovljen v 21 (18,44 %) vzorcih blata in 12 (11,11 %) vzorcih surovega mleka. Kljub odsotnosti antigena H7 v vseh proučevanih vzorcih je bila v veliki meri ugotovljena prisotnost antigena O157 in E. coli, ki proizvaja toksin šiga (STEC). Za zagotavljanje kakovosti surovega mleka je treba osebje, ki učinkovito in neprekinjeno dela v proizvodnji mleka, usposobiti za higieno in varnost živil. Poleg tega je treba določiti strožje predpise in strategije za varovanje javnega zdravja.
Ključne besede: E. coli O157:H7; gen za toksin stx; bizonji iztrebki; bizonje surovo mlek
Od makro k mikro pristopom v naselbinski arheologiji: Študijski primer starejšeželeznodobne kovačnice na gradišču Pungrt (osrednja Slovenija)
No full textIn this paper, we present an interdisciplinary and multiscalar study of an Early Iron Age smithy uncovered at the Pungrt hillfort in Central Slovenia. By examining and comparing the stratigraphic and artefactual evidence preserved at both macro- and micro-scales this study highlights the importance of integrated micromorphological and micro-refuse analyses in settlement contexts. Our integrated approach allowed us to identify the blacksmith’s workshop and cyclical skimming of the floor surface in the wider area of the anvil, revealing the presence of lime plaster technology for the first time during this period in Slovenia. Additionally, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the macro and micro-evidence examined, as well as the geoarchaeological methods used, by exploring the distinct ways in which micromorphology and micro-refuse analysis complement each other.V prispevku predstavljamo večravensko interdisciplinarno študijo starejšeželeznodobne kovačnice, odkrite na gradišču Pungrt v osrednji Sloveniji. Študija s preučevanjem in primerjavo stratigrafije in artefaktov, ohranjenih tako na makro- kot mikroravni, opozarja na pomen integracije mikro-morfologije in analize mikro-odpada pri preučevanju naselbinskih kontekstov. Takšen pristop nam je omogočil prepoznavanje kovaške delavnice, cikličnega premazovanja tal okoli nakovala in prvič v tem obdobju v Sloveniji razkril prisotnost tehnike apnenih premazov. Poleg tega opozarjamo na prednosti in slabosti preučevanih makro- in mikro-dokazov ter razpravljamo o komplementarnosti uporabljenih geoarheoloških metod
Misijonsko delo v Wonsanu: Razglednica in katoliške revije v Sloveniji
Full text linkIn the Cartography Department of the National and University Library (NUK) in Ljubljana, there is a single picture postcard showing a black and white photo of the Benedictine abbey in Tokwon near Wonsan, today’s North Korea. The postcard was printed in Slovenia, or by a Slovenian printing house, because the caption is in Slovene. This picture postcard was not mailed, and there is no additional information regarding who possessed the card and when.
In relation to the missionaries posted to Korea during the early twentieth century, it is known that the Vatican divided the Korean region into three, for the French, American and German missionary orders.
In the library NUK, there are many similar missionary postcards from other parts of Asia, particularly from India and Ceylon; that is, showing local scenes in relation to missionary works with captions in Slovenian.
This paper is a report on further research about the activities of Slovenian missionaries. Was there anybody from the Slovenian region stationed in Tokwon in the 1930s? Or perhaps only the printing of the postcards took place?Na Oddelku za kartografijo Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice (NUK) v Ljubljani je ena sama razglednica s črno-belim posnetkom benediktinske opatije v Tokwonu, v bližini Wonsana, v današnji Severni Koreji. Razglednica je bila natisnjena v Sloveniji oziroma jo je natisnila slovenska tiskarna, saj je napis na njej v slovenščini. Ta razglednica ni bila poslana po pošti, zato ni dodatnih podatkov o tem, kdo in kdaj jo je posedoval.
V zvezi z misijonarji, napotenimi v Korejo v začetku 20. stoletja, je znano, da je Vatikan razdelil korejsko regijo na tri dele, in sicer za francoski, ameriški in nemški misijonski red.
V knjižnici NUK je veliko podobnih misijonarskih razglednic iz drugih delov Azije, zlasti iz Indije in s Cejlona; to so razglednice, ki prikazujejo lokalne prizore v povezavi z misijonskimi deli in imajo napise v slovenščini.
Prispevek je poročilo o nadaljnjem raziskavanju o delovanju slovenskih misijonarjev. Ali je bil v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja v Tokwonu nameščen kdo iz slovenske regije? Ali pa je morda prišlo le do tiskanja razglednic
TEHNIKA IN LEPOTA: DOŽIVETA IZKUŠNJA RITMIČARKE Z DOWNOVIM SINDROMOM
No full textAccess to and provision of sports opportunities for people with disabilities have expanded globally across various levels of practice, from promoting active living to fostering high performance. Within gymnastics, initiatives for rhythmic gymnastics tailored to this audience are still in their infancy. However, the Special Olympics movement has made significant strides in offering rhythmic gymnastics programs for girls and women with Down syndrome. Drawing inspiration from phenomenological studies, this article explores the lived experiences of a high-performance athlete with Down syndrome in rhythmic gymnastics. Data was constructed through a triangulation of methods, including an informative questionnaire, phenomenological interviews, visual methodologies, and non-participant observation. Our analysis identified two key themes: sports technique as a catalyst for athlete recognition and aesthetics as a source of empowerment and a platform for the athlete’s agency in the world. By focusing on the lived experience of a disabled athlete, this study underscores the importance of supporting and empowering this community within sports. It challenges ableist perspectives and emphasizes a vision of sports as an inclusive domain, shaped and enriched by all.Dostop do športnih priložnosti za osebe z invalidnostjo in njihova vključenost v šport se po svetu vse bolj širita – od spodbujanja zdravega in dejavnega življenjskega sloga do vrhunskega športa. V ritmiki so pobude, prilagojene tej skupini, še v povojih. Kljub temu je gibanje Specialne olimpijade naredilo pomemben korak z uvedbo programov ritmike za dekleta in ženske z Downovim sindromom. Ta članek, ki temelji na raziskovanju osebnih doživetij, preučuje izkušnje vrhunske ritmičarke z Downovim sindromom. Podatke smo zbrali z različnimi metodami, vključno z ozadjem vprašanih, poglobljenimi pogovori, slikovnimi pristopi in opazovanjem brez udeležencev. Razčlenitev je izpostavila dve ključni temi: pomen športne tehnike pri priznavanju športnice ter lepoto kot vir moči in način, kako lahko izraža svojo vlogo v svetu. Z raziskovanjem osebne izkušnje športnice z invalidnostjo ta raziskava poudarja pomen podpore in krepitve te skupnosti v športu. Hkrati izpodbija predsodke o invalidnosti ter zagovarja šport kot odprt in vključujoč prostor, ki ga soustvarjamo in bogatimo vsi
Pandemija COVID-19 v Nemčiji: Strah, potreba po solidarnosti in konformnosti, avtoritarnost in želja po kaznovanju nekonformističnih posameznikov
Full text linkIn crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic states, organizations, and individuals try to cope with a variety of challenges. The pandemic caused fear and some individuals felt a need for solidarity and conformity. A crisis such as the pandemic was likely to reinforce authoritarian attitudes. This paper aims to explore how these aspects were perceived during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether they contributed to the desire to punish non-conforming individuals. To this purpose, an online survey was conducted in Germany (n = 285). This study shows that punitive attitudes could be partly explained by expected solidarity, the need for conformity, fear of health damage caused by the COVID-19 virus – and a lack of fear of other consequences of the pandemic, and by authoritarian aggression. Due to the limitations of the small sample, the results can only provide some indications for further research, which are discussed in the conclusion.V času kriznih situacij, kot je bila pandemija COVID-19, se države, organizacije in posamezniki poskušajo spopasti z različnimi izzivi. Pandemija je povzročila strah, nekateri posamezniki pa so čutili potrebo po solidarnosti in konformnosti. Kriza, kot je bila pandemija, je verjetno okrepila avtoritarna stališča. Namen tega prispevka je raziskati, kako so bili ti vidiki zaznani med pandemijo COVID-19 in ali so prispevali k želji po kaznovanju nekonformističnih posameznikov. V ta namen smo v Nemčiji izvedli spletno raziskavo (n = 285). Izsledki te študije kažejo, da je stališča do potrebnosti kaznovanja mogoče delno razložiti s pričakovano solidarnostjo, potrebo po konformizmu, strahom pred zdravstveno škodo, ki jo je povzročil virus COVID-19, pomanjkanjem strahu pred drugimi posledicami pandemije ter z avtoritarno agresivnostjo. Zaradi omejitev, ki jih prinaša majhen vzorec lahko rezultati ponudijo le nekaj napotkov za nadaljnje raziskave, ki so obravnavani v zaključku
Ocena zdravstvenega tveganja s težkimi kovinami pri navadni baziliki (Ocimum basilicum L.) rastoči v umetno kontaminiranih substratih
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the levels of Cd, Cr and Pb in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivated on artificially contaminated substrates and to assess their potential harmful effects on human health via the calculation of the target hazard quotients (THQ). A pot experiment was performed in a completely randomized design for each tested heavy metal. It included four contamination treatments (0, 20, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 for Cd, and 0, 100, 250 and 500 mg kg-1 for Cr and Pb). Concentrations of Cd, Cr and Pb in plants samples were determined by atomic absorbtion spectroscopy. The results of this study showed that the concentrations of Cd, Cr and Pb were several times higher in roots than in the aboveground parts of basil plants regardless of contamination levels. These are desirable results because only aboveground parts of basil are used for medicinal purposes or consumption. The THQ values for Cd, Cr and Pb observed in this study were lower than 1 regardless of contamination levels, indicating that the consumption of basil from the study site (up to 10 g per day) does not pose a risk to human health from the point of view of heavy metal investigated.Namen raziskave je bil določiti vsebnosti Cd, Cr, in Pb v navadni baziliki (Ocimum basilicum L.) rastoči na namensko oneznaženih tleh in in oceniti njihove potencialno škodljive učinke na zdravje ljudi preko izračuna potencialnega koeficienta tveganja (THQ). Za testiranje posameznih kovin je bil izveden lončni poskus s popolno naključno zasnovo. Poskus je obsegal štiri obravavanja kontaminacije (0, 20, 50, in 100 mg kg-1 za Cd, in 0, 100, 250, in 500 mg kg-1 za Pb in Cr). Koncentracije Cd, Cr in Pb v rastlinah so bile določene z atomsko obsorpcijsko spektroskopijo. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da so bile koncentracije Cd, Cr, in Pb večje v koreninah kot v nadzemnih delih bazilike, ne glede na stopnjo kontaminacije. Ti izsledki so zaželjeni, kajti za medicinske in prehrambene namene se uporabljajo le nadzemni deli bazilike. Vrednosti indeksa toksičnosti (THQ) za Cd, Cr, in Pb, pridobljeni v tej raziskavi, so bile manjše od 1, ne glede na stopnjo kontaminacijer, kar nakazuje, da je uživanje bazilike v dnevnem odmerku do 10 g na dan ne predstavlja rizika za zdravje ljudi glede na preučevane težke kovine