ULPress Journals
Not a member yet
16531 research outputs found
Sort by
Otrok, rojen priseljenim staršem na Lepenskem Viru
Full text linkOur 2022 article challenged the traditional view of Lepenski Vir as a Mesolithic village that became Neolithic. Instead, genetic analysis suggests it was founded by Aegean farmers who occasionally admixed with local hunter-gatherers but maintained separate burials. New genomes released by Žegarac et al. (2025), including that of an infant boy with fully Aegean ancestry during the final phase of occupation, support the presence of entire immigrant families at the site. The discovery of neonates of mixed ancestry beneath house floors highlights complex interactions during the transitional phase. Additional kinship and identity-by-descent analyses offer deeper insight into early farmer-forager admixture processes.V članku iz leta 2022 smo izzvali tradicionalni pogled na Lepenski Vir kot mezolitsko naselje, ki naj bi postopoma prešlo v neolitsko. Genetske analize kažejo, da so naselje ustanovili kmetje z območja Egejskega morja, ki so se občasno mešali z lokalnimi lovci-nabiralci, pri tem pa ohranjali ločena grobišča. Novi genomski podatki, ki so jih leta 2025 objavili Žegarac in sodelavci, vključno z genomom dečka egejskega porekla iz zadnje faze poselitve, potrjujejo prisotnost celotnih priseljenih družin. Odkritje novorojenčkov mešanega porekla pod tlemi hiš poudarja kompleksnost interakcij v prehodnem obdobju. Dodatne analize sorodstvenih povezav, identitete in genetskega porekla ponujajo podrobnejši vpogled v zgodnje procese mešanja med prvimi kmetovalci in lovci-nabiralci
Pojmi odsotnosti, praznine in niča z vidika theravādskega budizma
Full text linkThis article discusses three important concepts of ancient Indian discourse, namely absence, nothingness and emptiness, and examines their representations in Theravāda Buddhism. Firstly, it overviews the early Indian records of the concept of absence and then focuses on the role of absence in Theravāda Buddhism. It shows how the ethical foundations of the Buddhist path to liberation from suffering are largely expressed through the absence of unethical behaviour, and how meditation practice involves the cultivation of mental states that are based on the absence of unwholesome mental factors. The article then discusses specific higher states of meditative absorption, as presented in the canonical and postcanonical Pāli sources, which include experiences of infinite space, infinite consciousness, and nothingness, the latter being articulated as the absence of anything at all. According to the Theravāda tradition, the experience of nothingness, which is perceived as complete absence, devoid of any phenomena, is not considered final liberation, because it still involves perception, feeling and other mental components and thus remains in the sphere of impermanence. Only in the state of ultimate emptiness of nibbāna (Sanskrit nirvāṇa) is complete liberation from suffering reached. The realization of nibbāna is presented as the very foundation of a deep transformation of consciousness, reflected in the partial or complete absence of fetters, defined as phenomena that bind living beings to suffering. In summary, the article shows how, in Theravāda Buddhism, absence plays the central role in the cultivation of moral virtue and meditation, including the experience of nothingness, and how the realization of the emptiness of nibbāna, regarded as the final liberation from suffering, is reflected in the concomitant ethical perfection. Članek obravnava tri pomembne koncepte staroindijskega diskurza, in sicer odsotnost, nič in praznino, ter proučuje njihove predstavitve v okviru theravādskega budizma. Najprej na kratko predstavi staroindijske zapise o konceptu odsotnosti, nato pa se osredotoči na vlogo odsotnosti v theravādskem budizmu. Pokaže, kako se etični temelji budistične poti do osvoboditve od trpljenja večinoma izražajo skozi odsotnost neetičnega delovanja in kako meditacijska praksa vključuje razvoj mentalnih stanj, ki temeljijo na odsotnosti škodljivih mentalnih faktorjev. Članek nato obravnava višja stanja meditativne absorpcije, kot so predstavljena v kanoničnih in postkanoničnih virih, ki vključujejo izkušnje neskončnega prostora, neskončne zavesti in niča, pri čemer je slednji izražen kot odsotnost česar koli. Po theravādskem izročilu izkušnja niča, ki jo dojemamo kot popolno odsotnost, brez kakršnih koli pojavov, ne velja za končno osvoboditev, saj še vedno vključuje zaznavo, občutke in druge mentalne faktorje ter tako ostaja v območju spremembe in minljivosti, medtem ko je popolna osvoboditev od trpljenja dosežena šele v stanju dokončne praznine, nibbāne (sanskrtsko nirvāṇa). Uresničitev nibbāne je predstavljena kot temelj globoke preobrazbe zavesti, ki se odraža v delni ali popolni odsotnosti vseh mentalnih faktorjev, ki živa bitja vežejo na trpljenje. Če povzamemo, članek pokaže, kako ima v theravādskem budizmu odsotnost osrednjo vlogo pri razvoju moralnih vrlin in meditaciji, vključno z izkušnjo niča, in kako se spoznanje praznine nibbāne, ki velja za končno osvoboditev od trpljenja, odraža v etični popolnosti.
Nič na stičišču drugotnih kanonov: dialog med Wang Fuzhijem in Charlesom de Bovellesom
Full text linkIt is a mainstream assumption that Asian thinkers, and Chinese in particular, have devoted much of their speculative energies to investigating emptiness and nothingness, whereas these philosophical concepts would have been neglected (if not abhorred) in Western thought. As Sorensen (2022, 77) says: “Having climbed to the precipice of being, the Chinese and Indians pan across the vista of nothingness. They see an open horizon of opportunity. The Greeks look down the cliff. They suffer vertigo”. In this article, we set ourselves the task of questioning this assumption by presenting two authors who represent opposing tendencies within their respective traditions. On the one hand, Wang Fuzhi 王夫之 (1619–1692), normally described as a “materialist” and a bitter opponent of the “emptiness” and “nothingness” of Buddhists and Daoists. On the other, Charles de Bovelles (1479–1566), author of the short treatise Liber de Nihilo, in which nothingness is posited as necessary to God for his existence and the unfolding of his power. Despite being in different traditions and with different visions of nothingness, we will see how their respective thoughts can meet and engage in dialogue in a productive manner.Prevladujoče prepričanje je, da so azijske mislice in misleci, med njimi še posebej kitajski, veliko svojih spekulativnih prizadevanj namenjali raziskovanju praznine in niča, medtem ko naj bi bili v zahodni misli ti koncepti zapostavljeni (če ne kar z gnusom zavrnjeni). Kakor pravi Sorensen (2022, 77): »Ko priplezajo do previsa biti, se pred Kitajci in Indijci razprostre razgled niča. Vidijo odprto obzorje priložnosti. Grki zrejo dol s pečine. Muči jih vrtoglavica.« V tem članku prevprašujemo to predpostavko s predstavitvijo dveh avtorjev, ki zastopata nasprotne težnje znotraj svojih tradicij. Na eni strani je Wang Fuzhi 王夫之 (1619–1692), ki ga po navadi opisujejo kot »materialista« ter zagrizenega nasprotnika »praznine« in »niča« budistov in daoistov. Na drugi je Charles de Bovelles (1479–1566), avtor kratke razprave Liber de nihilo, v kateri je nič postavljen kot nujnost za obstoj Boga in za razodevanje njegove moči. Kljub pripadnosti različnim tradicijam in različnim pogledom na nič bomo videli, kako se lahko njuna razmišljanja srečajo in stopijo v produktiven dialog
Razlikovanje med praznino in ničem: Primerjalna analiza na podlagi panstrukturalne epistemologije Zhang Dongsuna
Full text linkThe philosophical definition of the relationship between nothingness and emptiness continues to spark academic debates and controversies. In this article, we aim to clarify this relationship by examining some Chinese discourses relevant to the topic. The concept of absolute nothingness, as it was established in the Neo-Daoist philosophy of the Wei-Jin period in China—and reaching perhaps its most sophisticated form in the philosophy of Nishida Kitarō within the Kyoto School—must be distinguished from emptiness in the sense of the absence of substance, which forms the basis of various philosophical discussions in Sinicized Buddhism and continues to resonate in certain epistemological theories of contemporary Chinese scholars. In this paper, I will first provide a brief introduction to these theories of knowledge, with a particular focus on the contributions of the modern Chinese philosopher Zhang Dongsun, whose work was shaped by the classical Chinese paradigm of structural interrelations on the one hand, and the principles of Sinicized Buddhism on the other. In conclusion, I will juxtapose the theoretical foundations of these epistemologies with the aforementioned conceptualizations of nothingness, thereby attempting to elucidate the relationship between these two seemingly related concepts.Filozofska opredelitev razmerja med ničem in praznino še vedno sproža akademske razprave in polemike. V tem članku bom poskušala razjasniti to razmerje na primeru izbranih kitajskih diskurzov, ki so relevantni za to temo. Pojem absolutnega niča, kakršen se je vzpostavil v neodaoistični filozofiji obdobja Wei-Jin na Kitajskem (in morda dosegel najbolj sofisticirano obliko v filozofiji Nishida Kitarōja v kjotski šoli), je treba razlikovati od praznine v smislu odsotnosti substance, ki tvori temelj različnih filozofskih razprav v siniziranem budizmu in še vedno predstavlja metafizično osnovo nekaterih epistemoloških teorij sodobnih kitajskih teoretikov. V prispevku bom najprej na kratko predstavila dva tradicionalna temelja epistemološke teorije modernega kitajskega filozofa Zhang Dongsuna, in sicer klasični kitajski diskurz relacijske strukture na eni in budistični koncept izpraznjene strukture na drugi strani. V zaključku bom teoretske osnove teh epistemologij postavila ob bok prej omenjenim konceptualizacijam niča in s tem poskušala razjasniti odnos med tema na videz sorodnima pojmoma
Kafka in habsburški mit: »Cesarsko sporočilo«
No full textClaudio Magris\u27 Idee vom Habsburgischen Mythos wurde wohl das wirkmächtigste Konzept zu Spezifika der österreichischen Literatur. Bereits 1963 formulierte Magris darin ein Bündel von literarischen Motiven und thematischen Traditionen, darunter Bürokratismus, Kaiserkult, Eskapismus, Hedonismus und Todessehnsucht. Gerade was Bürokratie betrifft, wird Kafka als einzigartiger Experte zitiert - insbesondere mit den postum erschienenen Romanen Der Prozess von 1925 und Das Schloss von 1926, womit sich Kafka eigentlich hervorragend in den Mythos einreihen würde. Doch bezüglich des Habsburgischen Mythos wird Kafka von Magris nur marginal erwähnt, obwohl sich dieser der Bedeutung des Autors bewusst war.
Den Gründen sowie der erst spät erfolgten Einbettung von Kafkas Texten in die Geschichte des Habsburger Reichs werden exemplarisch an "Eine kaiserliche Botschaft" und "Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer" gezeigt.Claudio Magris’s concept of the Habsburg myth was probably the most powerful concept regarding the specific nature of Austrian literature. As early as 1963, Magris formulated a bundle of Austrian literary motifs and thematic traditions, including bureaucracy, imperial cult, escapism, hedonism and a longing for death. When it comes to bureaucracy in particular, Kafka is cited as a unique expert – especially with his novels The Trial (1925) and The Castle (1926) – which would make Kafka an excellent fit for the myth. But with regard to the Habsburg myth, Magris only mentions Kafka marginally, although he was aware of the author’s importance. The reasons for this and the late embedding of Kafka’s texts in the history of the Habsburg Empire are exemplified by “An Imperial Embassy” and “The Building of the Great Wall of China.”Koncept habsburškega mita Claudia Magrisa je bil verjetno najmočnejši koncept specifike avstrijske literature. Magris je že leta 1963 oblikoval snop literarnih motivov in tematskih tradicij, med katerimi so birokracija, imperialni kult, eskapizem, hedonizem in hrepenenje po smrti. Predvsem, ko gre za birokracijo, Kafko navajajo kot edinstvenega strokovnjaka – predvsem z romanoma Proces (1925) in Grad (1926), s čimer bi se Kafka pravzaprav odlično ujemal z mitom. Glede habsburškega mita pa Magris Kafko omenja le obrobno, čeprav se je zavedal avtorjevega pomena. Razloge za to, in pozno vključitev Kafkovih besedil v zgodovino habsburškega cesarstva, ponazarjata »Cesarska ambasada« in »Gradnja Kitajskega zidu«
Pogled osnovno- in srednješolskih učiteljev in učiteljic angleščine kot tujega jezika na Hrvaškem na uporabo UI pri pouku
Full text linkThe use of artificial intelligence (AI) in language learning has rapidly increased with the widespread popularity of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT. Research highlights the need for school-age learners to develop digital literacy skills to engage critically and responsibly with AI-based tools. Equally important is the role of (language) teachers, who must possess the skills necessary to guide students in navigating and leveraging this technology effectively. This exploratory study investigates the extent of EFL teachers’ knowledge and their attitudes toward using AI tools for language learning. Focusing on primary and secondary school EFL teachers in Croatia, the study aims to shed light on their perspectives on and preparedness for integration of AI into the language classroom, addressing a critical aspect of modern education and contributing to a deeper understanding of what educators need to successfully incorporate AI into their teaching.Uporaba umetne inteligence (UI) pri učenju jezikov je močno narasla z razmahom generativnih orodij UI, kot je ChatGPT. Raziskave poudarjajo potrebo po digitalni pismenosti učencev in učenk za kritično in odgovorno uporabo orodij UI. Prav tako je pri tem ključna vloga učiteljev in učiteljic (jezikov), ki morajo imeti ustrezna znanja za učinkovito usmerjanje učečih se pri uporabi te tehnologije. Ta študija ugotavlja raven znanja in stališča učiteljev in učiteljic angleščine kot tujega jezika (EFL) do uporabe orodij UI pri jezikovnem pouku. Raziskava osvetljuje stališča in pripravljenost učiteljev in učiteljic osnovnih in srednjih šol na Hrvaškem za vključevanje UI v jezikovni pouk ter prispeva k razumevanju njihovih potreb za uspešno integracijo UI v učni proces
Zanesljivost dvodimenzionalne kinematične analize tehnične izvedbe enonožnega pristanka, skoka z nasprotnim gibanjem in skoka v daljino pri vrhunskih rokometaših
Full text linkThe aims of this study were: a) to assess the intra-session reliability of two-dimensional kinematic variables related to the knee, hip, and trunk joints, and b) to compare the results between subjectively and objectively identified key movement positions in single-leg countermovement jumps (SLCMJ), single-leg broad jumps (SLBJ), and single-leg drop landings. Eighty elite handball players (mean age 21.8 years; weight 92.0 kg; height 1.9 m) participated in the study. Three repetitions of each test, using both the dominant and non-dominant legs, were video recorded from lateral and frontal planes. Kinematic analysis was performed manually using Kinovea software. Inclinations of the shin, thigh, pelvis, and trunk (absolute variables) were calculated based on anatomical landmarks, along with joint angles (relative variables). Key movement positions were identified subjectively by expert assessment and objectively by the time point of the highest vertical ground reaction force for each task. The results indicated moderate-excellent reliability for drop landing test (ICC = 0.54-0.99), moderate-good reliability (ICC = 0.51-0.83) for SLCMJ, and poor-moderate reliability for SLBJ in both the push off (ICC = 0.01-0.81) and landing phases (ICC = 0.10-0.86). Significant differences were found between the results from subjective and objective key movement position identification (p < 0.05).Cilja te študije sta bila: a) oceniti znotrajobiskovno zanesljivost spremenljivk dvodimenzionalne (2D) kinematične analize in b) primerjati rezultate analiz med subjektivno in objektivno določenimi ključnimi gibalnimi položaji pri enonožnem skoku z nasprotnim gibanjem (SLCMJ), enonožnem skoku v daljino (SLBJ) in enonožnem pristanku. V raziskavi je sodelovalo osemdeset vrhunskih rokometašev (povprečna starost 21,8 let; teža 92,0 kg; višina 1,9 m). Tri ponovitve vsakega skoka, izvedene z dominantno in nedominantno nogo, so bile posnete v bočni in čelni ravnini. Kinematična analiza je bila izvedena z uporabo programske opreme Kinovea. Na podlagi položaja kostno-anatomskih točk v prostoru so bile izračunane naslednje spremenljivke: nagib goleni, stegna, medenice in trupa (absolutne spremenljivke) ter koti v sklepih med segmenti (relativne spremenljivke). Ključni gibalni položaji, v katerih je bila izvedena analiza, so bili določeni subjektivno na podlagi ocene merilca in objektivno glede na trenutek največje vertikalne sile reakcije podlage za posamezen skok. Rezultati so pokazali zmerno do odlično zanesljivost spremenljivk pri testu pristanka (ICC = 0,54–0,99), zmerno do dobro zanesljivost (ICC = 0,51–0,83) pri SLCMJ ter slabo do zmerno zanesljivost pri SLBJ, tako v fazi odriva (ICC = 0,01–0,81) kot v fazi pristanka (ICC = 0,10–0,86). Ugotovljene so bile statistično značilne razlike v rezultatih spremenljivk, izračunanih po subjektivnem in objektivnem kriteriju določitve ključnih gibalnih položajev
Oblikovanje instrumenta za ocenjevanje stališč in učnih praks o trajnostnem razvoju v športni vzgoji
Full text linkThis pilot study examines the content validity and reliability of an inventory designed to assess physical education teachers’ attitudes, perceptions, and teaching practices related to sustainable development. The inventory was developed by adapting two validated instruments: the Attitudes and Perceptions on Education for Sustainable Development scale and the Assessment Tool for Physical Education for Sustainable Development. These instruments underwent content and face validity evaluation before piloting. The study aimed to assess the inventory’s internal consistency using Cronbach’s α coefficients and its stability through a test-retest procedure. Thirty-two Greek physical education teachers (8 males, 24 females; M = 48.85 years, SD = 6.18) completed the inventory twice, with a 20-day interval. Reliability analysis indicated that Cronbach’s α coefficients for individual factors ranged from 0.70 to 0.87, demonstrating adequate internal consistency. Test-retest results confirmed satisfactory stability in most question categories. Findings suggest that the inventory is a valid and reliable tool for assessing sustainable development-related attitudes and practices in physical education, with minor refinements recommended for specific items before broader application. This study highlights the need for robust assessment tools to evaluate education for sustainable development, particularly in physical education, where fostering sustainability-oriented attitudes is essential for promoting corresponding teaching practices.Ta pilotska študija preučuje vsebinsko veljavnost in zanesljivost instrumenta, zasnovanega za ocenjevanje stališč, zaznav in učnih praks učiteljev športne vzgoje v povezavi s trajnostnim razvojem. Instrument je bil razvit z adaptacijo dveh validiranih pripomočkov: Lestvice stališč in zaznav o izobraževanju za trajnostni razvoj ter Ocenjevalnega orodja za športno vzgojo za trajnostni razvoj. Pred pilotno uporabo sta instrumenta prestala ocenjevanje vsebinske in površinske veljavnosti. Cilj študije je bil oceniti notranjo konsistentnost instrumenta s pomočjo Cronbachovega α koeficienta in njegovo zanesljivost preko postopka test-retest. Dvaintrideset grških učiteljev športne vzgoje (8 moških, 24 žensk; povprečna starost = 48,85 let, SD = 6,18) je instrument izpolnilo dvakrat, z 20-dnevnim presledkom. Analiza zanesljivosti je pokazala, da so Cronbachovi α koeficienti za posamezne faktorje znašali od 0,70 do 0,87, kar kaže na ustrezno notranjo konsistentnost. Rezultati test-retest so potrdili zadovoljivo zanesljivost v večini kategorij vprašanj. Ugotovitve kažejo, da je instrument veljavno in zanesljivo orodje za ocenjevanje stališč in praks, povezanih s trajnostnim razvojem v športni vzgoji, pri čemer so pred širšo uporabo priporočene manjše prilagoditve nekaterih postavk. Študija poudarja potrebo po zanesljivih ocenjevalnih orodjih za spremljanje izobraževanja za trajnostni razvoj, zlasti v športni vzgoji, kjer je spodbujanje trajnostno naravnanih stališč ključno za ustrezne učne prakse
Počasna hoja je povezana s starostno krhkostjo pri uporabnikih domov za starejše
Full text linkAge-related frailty is a condition of diminished physiological reserves that increases the risk of falls, disability, hospitalisation and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether a frail phenotype can be identified by gait speed. 94 older residents (83.6 ± 7.9 years, 68% women) from Slovenian nursing homes were included as study participants in this cross-sectional study. Frailty was assessed using Fried\u27s Frailty Phenotype Protocol and gait speed was measured over a distance of 4.5 m. We used relative risk to determine whether gait speed was an indicator of frailty. Most of the residents were pre-frail (63%) or frail (16%). In the frail group, a significantly lower walking speed of - 0.21 m/s was found (U = 331.5; p < 0.001) and a gait speed ≤ 0.457 m/s increased the risk of frailty by 40% (RR=1.40 (CI 1.15-1.70); p=0.0008). We suggest using gait speed as a simple indicator of potential frailty in nursing homes. People at risk should be addressed to appropriate interventions. In particular, physical activity seems to prevent the occurrence of frailty.Starostno krhkost označujejo zmanjšane fiziološke rezerve, kar povečuje tveganje za padce, invalidnost, hospitalizacijo in umrljivost. Krhkost je običajno povezana tudi s pomanjkanjem telesne dejavnosti. Namen te študije je bil ugotoviti, ali je krhke starostnike mogoče prepoznati na osnovi hitrosti hoje. V prečno-presečno raziskavo je bilo vključenih 94 uporabnikov domov za starejše (83,6 ± 7,9 let, 68% žensk) v zahodni Sloveniji. Krhkost je bila določena z metodo Friedovega fenotipa krhkosti in hitrost hoje je bila izmerjena na dolžini 4.5 m. Da bi ugotovili, ali je hitrost hoje pokazatelj morebitne krhkosti, smo uporabili metodo relativnega tveganja. Večina uporabnikov je bila pred-krhkih (63%) ali krhkih (16%). Hitrost hoje je bila v skupini krhkih značilno nižja za 0.21 s (U = 331,5; p < 0,001) in hitrost hoje ≤ 0,457 m/s je tista, ki poveča tveganje za krhkost za kar 40% (RR=1,40 (CI 1,15-1,70); p=0,0008). Predlagamo uporabo hitrosti hoje kot preprostega pokazatelja potencialne krhkosti v domovih za starejše. Ogrožene posameznike je potrebno vključiti v poglobljeno diagnostiko ter ustrezne intervencije, pri čemer ima telesna dejavnost pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju krhkosti