Dialog (E-Journal)
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Pengaruh Skema Religius dan Empati terhadap Perilaku Toleransi Masyarakat Ambon di Maluku
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Ekstrimisme beragama merupakan suatu sikap panafsiran atas agama yang dilakukan secara tekstual tanpa melibatkan konteks pluralitas pandangan keagamaan lainnya. Sikap beragama seperti ini kerap melahirkan gesekan sosial hingga mengarah pada konflik horizontal. Olehnya itu, butuh paradigma moderasi beragama guna mengantisipasi hal tersebut. Di dalam paradigma moderasi beragama terdapat perilaku toleransi sebagai indikatornya. Secara teoritik, perilaku toleransi dipengaruhi dua faktor psikologis yakni skema religius dan empati. Penelitian ini hendak membuktikan sekaligus menjelaskan skema religius dan empati terhadap perilaku toleransi pada masyarakat Ambon di Maluku yang pernah mengalami konflik horizontal tahun 1999-2002. Studi ini merupakan ex-post facto research pada subjek sebanyak 72 orang yang beragama Kristen Protestan (22,2%) dan Islam (77,8%) bertempat tinggal di Ambon. Berdasarkan analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh skema religius dan empati terhadap perilaku toleransi (p = 0,000; p<0,05). Artinya, skema religius dan empati secara simultan dapat mendorong individu berperilaku toleransi terhadap orang lain. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi rekomendasi bagi para pengambil kebijakan bahwa untuk membentuk perilaku toleransi dapat melalui pembentukan skema religius dan empati terhadap orang lain sejak dini.
Abstract
Religious extremism is an attitude of interpretation of religion that is carried out textually without involving the context of a plurality of other religious views. Religious attitudes like this often give birth to social friction that leads to horizontal conflict. Therefore, a paradigm of religious moderation is needed to anticipate this. In the paradigm of religious moderation, there is tolerance behavior as an indicator. Theoretically, tolerance behavior is influenced by two psychological factors: religious schemes and empathy. This research aims to prove and explain religious schemes and empathy for tolerant behavior in the Ambonese community in Maluku which experienced horizontal conflict in 1999-2002. This study is an ex-post facto research on 72 subjects who are Protestant Christians (22.2%) and Muslims (77.8%) living in Ambon. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, it shows that there is an influence of religious schemas and empathy on tolerance behavior (p = 0.000; p <0.05). That is, religious schemes and empathy can simultaneously encourage individuals to behave intolerant towards others. The results of this study are expected to become recommendations for policymakers that form tolerant behavior can be done through the formation of religious schemes and empathy for others from an early age
Islamic Music Art of Gamelan Kiai Kanjeng in the Plurality of Indonesia
Full text linkThe Kiai Kanjeng Musical Arts Group has a strategic position and distinct function. It does not only play musical performances but also participate in helping people’s life problems through communication and dialogue in the context of Islamic pluralism. This research was to examine the Kiai Kanjeng Music Group, pluralistic dialogue, and conflict resolution. This study used a descriptive-qualitative approach with a two-stage data collection method. First, a comprehensive literature review to identify relevant sources such as books, journal articles, and research reports related to gamelan music, Islam, and pluralism in Indonesia. Second, an online search to access traditional music archives, gamelan performance recordings, and audiovisual resources related to the Kiai Kanjeng Gamelan Music Group. The findings of this study were: the Kiai Kanjeng Music Group played traditional and modern types of music. During the performance, the group had a dialogue and discussion session with the audiences. Finally, the Kiai Kanjeng Music Group was able to touch on aspects of social life by offering solutions and mediating major conflicts through a special methods
“Socially Conservative, But Politically Liberal:” A New Trend in Muslim Political Elites’ View in Indonesia
Full text linkA substantial number of literature on conservative, liberal, and moderate views in Indonesia has been flooded with qualitative case studies. In contrast, this article discusses how Muslim political elites view Islam, democracy, and modernization in Indonesia by dichotomizing their socio-religious and political views divergently. Socio-religiously, it could be attributed to how they respond and practice their religious beliefs, such as prayer, performing five-time worship, reading the holy Qur\u27an, rejecting homosexuality, and interfaith marriage. Politically, it can be observed by how they respond to democratic citizenship equality, minority leadership, economic liberalism, Israeli-Palestinian issues, interfaith marriage rights, and the protection of LGBT. This article employed a qualitative study, conducted in-depth interviews with five Muslim political elites in Indonesia, and consulted secondary data sources. In light of the convergence of Islam, democracy, and modernization, Muslim political elites in Indonesia hold a socially conservative but politically liberal viewpoint since they have to moderate their positions to please Islamic and nationalist voters within political liberalization. It causes them to rely not only on religious issues but also on good governance matters. This new trend in Muslim political elites’ views could impact people\u27s perceptions by constructing a culture of liberal democratic models that are constantly changing and modifying, particularly in the Muslim world. This article could be beneficial for further research at the local and national levels or even be advanced to a quantitative study to contribute to the development of the modernization theory thesis in the Muslim world
Dampak Populisme Agama dalam Pemilu Kepala Daerah: Pengalaman Pemilihan Gubernur DKI Jakarta 2007-2017
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Populisme agama menjadi kata kunci penting dalam membahas pola kebangkitan politik Islam kontemporer. Absennya kemenangan partai politik Islam sebagai pemenang pemilu di Indonesia paska reformasi menjadikan populisme menjadi pilihan logis dalam menyampaikan aspirasi mengatasnamakan umat islam. Hal ini setidaknya terjadi pemilu gubernur DKI kontemporer yang dimulai sejak 2007 hingga 2017. Populisme agama menjadi poin penting dalam memberikan narasi penting yang berpengaruh kepada pemilih maupun kandidat yang akan maju di pemilihan Gubernur DKI Jakarta. Tulisan ini akan berusaha mengelaborasi lebih lanjut mengenai transformasi populsime agama yang berlangsung dalam pemilihan Gubernur DKI Jakarta baru-baru ini. Adapun metode riset yang digunakan metode riset campuran berbasis studi lapangan dan juga studi kepustakaan. Hasil riset ini memperlihatkan bahwa dampak populisme agama dalam pemilu kepala daerah menjadikan kompetisi elektoral bertensi lebih tinggi. Terlebih lagi ketika di ruang publik, populisme agama berdampak pada labelisasi hitam dan putih yang berdampak pada relasi sosial.
Abstract
Religious populism becomes a main keyword to discuss the recent pattern of Islamic revivalism in Indonesia. Th rise of religious populism comes to appear due to unfortunate position for Islamic parties in every election. This condition eventually encourages Muslim to look for alternative political aspiration that currently ends up in populism form. The populism itself has been growing up in recent Jakarta gubernatorial election from 2007 t0 2007. More importantly, religious populism is very strategic to attract voters because the extensive use of religion. Following up this background, this paper aims at further elaborating the transformation of religious populism during the recent Jakarta gubernatorial elections. The research method I use was mixed method that consists of fieldwork case study and archival research. This paper shows that the impact of religious populism on regional election turned the electoral competition more heated. Most importantly, when it comes to the public spaces, religious populism caused the social segmentation “black” and “white” that affects daily social interaction
From Pamphlet to Utopian Caliphate: Utilization of Mass Media and Promotion of the Caliphate Ideology among Muslim Youth in Solo
Full text linkThe ideology of the caliphate is being intensely discussed in the Indonesian Muslim community, following the appearance of the Khilafatul Muslimin (KM) convoy that invites to welcome the emergence of the caliphate. This study focuses on examining the response of Muslim youth in Solo to the ideas of the caliphate, which are widely mushrooming in the mass media, especially in the Kaffah bulletin, one of the bulletins that disseminate the caliphate ideology on various platforms. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method, which provides descriptive data from the analysis results on the Kaffah in as many as 256 editions. The data collection technique used in this research is critical content analysis, interview, focus group discussion, and documentation. This paper argues that Kaffah has successfully promoted and mobilized young people to be attracted to the idea of the caliphate because they could neatly package religious doctrines with the hot issues being discussed. However, in brainwashing the public through the pamphlet, Kaffah is frequently questionable, quoting dhaif hadiths, distorting opinions, and utilizing fake news to support statements propagated by their affiliates
Pluralisme dalam Perwujudan Toleransi melalui Relasi Komunitas Gusdurian-Gereja Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan (GKJW)
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Tulisan ini berusaha mengkaji mengenai kondisi masyarakat majemuk di Indonesia yang terkadang masih sering mengalami gesekan-gesekan horizontal. Gesekan-gesekan ini pada akhirnya akan berbahaya bagi keutuhan bangsa, karena akan menimbulkan sikap-sikap intoleran. Toleransi menjadi kunci utama dalam menciptakan keharmonisan kehidupan beragama di Indonesia. Dengan adanya toleransi maka ruang-ruang keharmonisan dapat diciptakan. Salah satu pegiat dalam mewujudkan nilai-nilai toleransi ini adalah Komunitas Gusdurian, yang berusaha meneruskan semangat Gus Dur dalam menyebarkan nilai-nilai toleransi dan perdamaian. Melalui studi kasus perwujudan toleransi melalui relasi Komunitas Gusdurian-gereja GKJW, tulisan ini akan dipaparkan melalui metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis paparan deskriptif analisis. Konsep toleransi akan menjadi fokus utama penulis dalam melakukan analisis. Konsep toleransi yang digunakan penulis pada akhirnya mengantarkan pada kesimpulan bahwa toleransi menjadi kunci utama dalam mewujudkan keharmonisan dalam masyarakat majemuk. Perwujudan toleransi melalui relasi Komunitas Gusdurian-gereja GKJW juga hadir sebagai bentuk edukasi kepada masyarakat majemuk untuk menghadirkan dan mengarusutamakan sikap-sikap toleran dalam kehidupan beragama.
Abstract
This paper attempts to investigate the condition of a plural society in Indonesia, which still suffers from horizontal tensions. These conflict will eventually jeopardize the state’s integrity because they will reproduce intolerance. Tolerance is the most important factor in achieving religious harmony in Indonesia. Harmonious spaces can be created through tolerance. The Gusdurian Community, which seeks to continue Gus Dur’s spirit in spreading the values of tolerance and peace, is one of the activists who want to realize these values. This paper will use a qualitative research method with a descriptive analytical type of exposure to present a case study of the representation of tolerance through the Gusdurian Community-GKJW church relationship. The author\u27s main focus in conducting the analysis will be the concept of tolerance. The author\u27s use of the concept of tolerance ultimately leads to the conclusion that tolerance is the primary requirement for achieving harmony in a pluralistic society. Tolerance is also manifested through the Gusdurian Community-GKJW church relationship as a form of education for a pluralistic society to present and mainstream tolerant attitudes in religious life
Indigenous Eco-feminism in Kalitanjung Kejawen People as an Alternative to Preserve the Nature
Full text linkIndigenous religions recognize the importance of natural elements in their lives, embodying traditional ecofeminism. Consequently, they bear the responsibility for properly maintaining and safeguarding nature to prevent damage or exploitation. Moreover, Indigenous Peoples, united in their efforts to protect nature, are inseparable from the crucial role and encouragement provided by remarkable indigenous women, such as those within the Kejawen Kalitanjung Banyumas Indigenous People. The concept of Indigenous Eco-feminism significantly influences the development of the Kejawen community. To support this research, qualitative methods with an emphasis on field research are employed. The primary method of direct data collection involves interviews with sources from traditional Kejawen Kalitanjung community leaders, complemented by documentation. Thus, the indigenous women of the Kejawen Kalitanjung community play diverse roles, actively participating and leading in the protection of their nature as a cohesive whole
Tradisi Pangngan Sebagai Sarana Moderasi Beragama Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Toraja
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Penelitian ini berbicara tentang penguatan moderasi beragama berbasis kearifan lokal sebagai respon kampanye Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia tentang moderasi beragama yang telah berlangsung sejak 2019. Moderasi beragama bertujuan untuk mencegah sikap, pemahaman, dan tindakan yang eksterm dari setiap agama, seperti intoleransi, kekerasan, ujaran kebencian hingga terorisme. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan pendekatan etnografi, dengan mekanisme pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Data yang dikumpulkan akan dianalisis dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian serta penulisan kesimpulan, dan verifikasi. Hasil kajian etnografi tersebut menghasilkan unsur toleransi yang terkandung di dalam tradisi pangngan, antara lain: Pertama, tradisi pangngan mengedepankan sikap toleransi. Sikap tersebut merupakan sebuah hospitalitas yang menghilangkan sekat-sekat sosial, seperti perbedaan agama dan golongan yang ada. Kedua, tradisi pangngan menghilangkan rasa curiga terhadap yang diberi atau menerima pangngan walaupun berbeda agama atau golongan. Hilangnya rasa curiga yang terbentuk pada relasi tradisi pangngan menjadikan hubungan antara satu dengan yang lain menjadi harmonis. Kedua unsur teologis inilah yang kemudian menjadikan tradisi pangngan sebagai salah satu sarana moderasi beragama berbasis kearifan lokal di Toraja.
Abstract
This research sheds light on strengthening religious moderation based on local wisdom in response to the Ministry of Religious affairs of the Republic of Indonesia’s campaign on religious moderation since 2019. Religious moderation is aimed to prevent extreme attitudes, mislead understandings of religious teachings, such as intolerance, violence, hate speech, and terrorism. This is a descriptive qualitative research based on ethnographic approach. Data were collected through literature review, observation, and in-depth interviews. These were analyzed through data reduction, categorization, conclusions, and verification. This study found that pangngan tradition shows attitude of tolerance. This attitude was shown in a form of hospitality that removed social barriers, such as religious and social-class differences. In addition, the tradition enabled to minimize suspicion. Suspicion was dismissed through food sharing. These two elements of pangngan tradition has been evidence of religious moderation based on local wisdom in Toraja
Peran Penyuluh Agama dalam Respons Dini Konflik Keagamaan di Kota Depok dan Kota Bogor
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Tulisan ini berupaya mengkaji peran penyuluh agama dalam respons dini konflik keagamaan yang pernah terjadi di Kota Depok dan Kota Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya respons sedini mungkin yang dilakukan oleh penyuluh agama namun kerap diabaikan berbagai pihak yang memiliki kewenangan melakukan respons atas munculnya gejala konflik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan studi kasus terhadap tiga kasus konflik sosial keagamaan yang pernah terjadi di Kota Depok dan Kota Bogor, dua wilayah yang menjadi penyangga Ibukota negara, Provinsi DKI Jakarta, dengan perkembangan penduduk dan infrastruktur yang pesat. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa aparatur Kementerian Agama di tingkat paling depan, yaitu Penyuluh Agama, kurang memiliki peran dalam upaya respons dini konflik keagamaan. Pandangan-pandangan mereka, jika mereka mengetahui informasi awal potensi konflik, kerap diabaikan oleh pembuat kebijakan. Mereka juga belum sepenuhnya memahami berbagai aliran, paham, dan kelompok keagamaan yang ada di Indonesia sehingga kerap mengikuti alur pikir masyarakat dalam menilai sebuah aliran, paham, dan kelompok keagamaan.
AbstractThis paper seeks to examine the role of religious counsellor in early response of religious conflicts that have occurred in the City of Depok and Bogor City. The purpose of this study was to find out the response efforts made by religious counselors as early as possible but are often ignored by various parties who have the authority to respond to the emergence of conflict indications. The research was conducted using a case study design of three cases of social- religious conflict that had occurred in Depok City and Bogor City, two regions that support the national capital, DKI Jakarta Province, with rapid population and infrastructure development. The results of this study found that the Ministry of Religion apparatus at the forefront, namely the religious counselors, lacks a role in efforts to respond early to religious conflict. Their views, if they know the initial information on potential conflicts, are often ignored by policy makers. They are also does not fully understand the various sects, understandings and religious groups that exist in Indonesia, so it often follows the path of the people in assessing a school, understanding, and religious group