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    Fungal Infections Resulting From Prolonged Use of Personal Protective Equipment

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    This study is the first to investigate fungal infections resulting from prolonged use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among healthcare workers at Kütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aimed to isolate, molecularly type, and assess the antifungal susceptibility of superficial fungal infection agents associated with PPE use. Additionally, the relationship between these fungi and PPE use was evaluated through a questionnaire. Samples were collected from 100 healthcare workers experiencing skin issues. Among them, all N95/FFP2 mask users, 44.3% of glove users, 36.1% of surgical mask users, and 22.9% of hair cap users reported skin reactions, with acne (n = 34) being the most common. Identified fungal isolates included Trameteshirsuta, Penicilliumchrysogenum, Aspergillusfumigatus, Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., Pichiafermentans, and the dermatophyte Microsporumferrugineum. Antifungal susceptibility tests revealed 47.6% resistance to fluconazole and 76.2% resistance to voriconazole (n = 16). This study provides the first institutional data on PPE-associated fungal infections and antifungal resistance in healthcare settings. These findings highlight the dermatological risks of prolonged PPE use. To mitigate these effects, healthcare institutions should prioritize high-quality materials, establish optimal usage guidelines, and provide continuous training on self-protection

    Clinical characteristics and prognostic clinical factors of anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABAB-R) encephalitis in Türkiye: a multicenter study

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    Introduction: GABAB-R encephalitis is a rare recognized autoimmune disease. This study investigates the clinical and laboratory features, treatment response, prognosis, and malignancy associations in GABAB-R encephalitis. Methods: We included consecutive encephalitis patients with GABAB-R autoantibodies and retrospectively analyzed their clinical data, neuroimaging, EEG findings, seizure characteristics, treatment responses, prognosis, and cancer presence. Prognosis was classified using the final Modified Rankin Score (mRS), with mRS > 2 indicating poor prognosis. Results: There were 17 patients with GABAB-R antibodies (12 males). The mean age at onset was 61.29 (range: 37–86), and the mean follow-up was 20.3 months (range: 6–60). The most common findings at onset were seizures, observed in 10 patients (58.8%), which increased to 13 patients (76.5%) during follow-up, psychiatric symptoms in 35.3%, and hyponatremia in 35.3%. Ten patients required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 11 patients had an underlying malignancy, predominantly lung cancer. Additionally, one patient had CASPR2 antibodies, and another had AMPA-R antibodies. Lesion probability map analysis revealed predominant involvement of the bilateral mesiotemporal regions. Patients with a final modified Rankin Scale Score greater than 2 (n = 10) exhibited a higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, ICU admission, and hyponatremia. Of the 12 patients on anti-seizure medications, only 8 achieved seizure-free status during follow-up. Those with a paraneoplastic etiology were more likely to present with psychiatric symptoms. Mortality, which occurred in 7 patients, was associated with persistent seizures (4/4 vs 3/10; p = 0.015) and ICU admission (7/7 vs 3/10 p = 0.010) Patients with both serum and CSF antibody positivity showed trends towards exhibiting higher rates of lung cancer and mortality. Discussion: Male gender and seizures are common in GABAB-R encephalitis, which also displays high malignancy and mortality rates. Remarkable prognostic factors include psychiatric symptoms, seizures, malignancy, and hyponatremia. 4(23%) of 17 patients with GABA-B receptor antibody encephalitis experience persistent seizures during follow-up

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