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Victimization of Serbs and Jews in Ljubo Jandrić's novel "Jasenovac"
Get PDFPosmatrajući Jandrićev roman kao svojevrsno svedočanstvo o zločinima nad Srbima i Jevrejima, počinjenim u koncentracionom logoru Jasenovac, u radu se bavimo genezom zla, mržnje i destrukcije. Takođe, fokus je usmeren na upotrebu dokumentarne i arhivske građe u romaneskne svrhe. Upravo iz tog razloga, tumačenje ćemo izvoditi interdisciplinarnim pristupom, konsultujući poznate ali i novije studije o ustaškim zločinima. Militantni rasizam i verska mržnja prema Srbima, Jevrejima i Romima, podsticani u okviru državnog aparata, negovani i praktikovani u redovima Katoličke crkve, proželi su sve pore društva ND Hrvatske i na koncu doživeli kulminaciju u strategijama ustaške nekropolitike koja je rezultirala totalnim genocidom. U radu smo, na primeru Jandrićevog romana, ukazali na etape razvoja ustaške ideologije i nekropolitičke prakse.Examining Jandrić's novel as a testimony about the crimes against the Serbs and the Jews, committed in the concentration camp Jasenovac, we deal with the genesis of evil, hatred, and destruction. Also, the focus of the paper is on the use of documentary and archival material. Precisely for that reason, we performed the interpretation with an interdisciplinary approach, consulting the well-known, but likewise recent studies on the Ustasha crimes as well. Militant racism and religious hatred towards the Serbs, the Jews, and the Roma, encouraged within the state apparatus, nurtured and practised in the ranks of the Catholic Church, permeated all the pores of the society of the Independent State of Croatia and finally culminated in the strategies of Ustasha necropolitics that resulted in total genocide. In the paper, through the example of Jandrić's novel, we point out the stages of development of the Ustasha ideology and necropolitical practice.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Samuel the carrier as a synecdoche carrier
Get PDFU članku se istražuje sinegdohalnost pripovijedaka Isaka Samokovlije na korpusu "Nosač Samuel i druge priče". Pri analizi se polazi od koncepata Nelsona Goodmana i Mary Louise Pratt, pri čemu se ustanovljuje korelacija između sinegdohalnosti i svjetotvornosti s jedne strane, a odnosa forme kratke priče i forme romana s druge strane, i to po kriteriju sinegdohalnosti koja se promatra kao oblikotvorno načelo teksta. Konceptualni okvir analize uključuje također i kategoriju fraktalnosti (Mandelbrot), koja povezuje sinegdohalnost i svjetotvornost.The article explores the synecdoche of Isak Samokovlija's stories in "Samuel the Carrier and other stories". The analysis starts from the concepts of Nelson Goodman and Mary Louise Pratt, establishing a correlation between synecdoche and worldmaking on the one hand, and between the form of a short story and the form of a novel on the other, again according to the criterion of the synecdoche in the text. The conceptual framework of the analysis also includes the category of fractality (Mandelbrot), which connects synecdoche and worldmaking.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
"Fevers of unity" by Stanislav Vinaver
Get PDFMomenat u kom „čas promene, neosetno, / Zaneo se u početno”, kako pesnik kaže u "Čuvarima sveta", jeste momenat dodatnog raščinjavanja već postavlјenog demona traženja u osnove poetike i kulturne poetike Stanislava Vinavera. Ekspresionistički aksiom koji iscrtava stvaralačke koordinate van poetike ravnoteže u „Manifestu ekspresionističke škole”, u esejima (zapisima) sa jevrejskim kulturnim temama i fenomenima uobličuje novi tip modernog sklada, onog samostvorenog, ali i samoprevaziđenog. Duhovnost jeste uvek na sredokraći između velikog mehanizma kosmičkog i neiscrpnog točka zemlјe, a za rečeno su dokaz upravo svi Vinaverovi (ne)mogući ukrotitelјi haosa. Vinaver kao neosimbolistička preteča vraćanja kako fenomena ravnoteže tako i sumnje u nju čita se kao mislilac neobično dinamične poetičke putanje, ali putanje kojom dominira krug; onaj krug što opisuje duhovnu, kulturnu i stvaralačku misao kao prekid sna.The aim of this paper is to read Stanislav Vinaver's essays and polemics within the theory of harmony - the ancient phenomenon in the world of literature as in the world of music especially worshipped in Vinaver's poetic universe. This morphologically diverse field of modern theoretical questions which preoccupied modern Serbian poets, especially in the era of (neo)symbolism in the essays and poetry of Stanislav Vinaver, was posed as a cultural, spiritual, and historical question within the theoretical base of Henri Bergson. Therefore, the field of Jewish cultural themes rises in the opus of this writer as an intriguing field of anti-coherence.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Jews in the poetry of Raša Livada: how low until we reach the God?
Get PDFU radu se tumače načelno dva pesnička teksta Raše Livade: „Sinagoga” i „Pismo rabina Alkalaja”. Ostajući u krugu naznačene teme, pesničkog dijaloga sa jevrejskim nasleđem i istorijom, posebno se promatra pitanje konceptualizacije transcendentnog prostora, metafizike leta i, najzad, pitanje nizine/imanencije. Kako je tumačenje procesa ovremenjavanja i oprostoravanja transcendentnog uporišta neodvojivo od grafizma, grafostilematike, biće reči i o metafizičkoj snazi lirske beline. Istovremeno, pod polisemičnim pitanjem o pamćenju nestalih, u praznim hramovima, rabinovim oporukama ispisuje se kartografija Grada kao znak teritorijalne eshatologije i/ili izlaska kao ontološka (blanšoovska) privilegovanost književnosti da iskorači, redefiniše odnose bliskog i dalekog, prisustva i neprisustva.The paper analyzes two poems by R. Livada, “Sinagoga” and “Pismo rabina Alkalaja” from the collection of poems "Karantin" (1977). Searching for the Jews on the lyrical map of Zemun, the question of the concept of transcendent space opens up, as well as the metaphysics of flight and the figure of God. The historical persecution, wandering, and disappearance of Jews in Livada's poetry are poetically and aesthetically shaped as a place of emptiness, but also as a sign of the metaphysics of the City, belonging to the lost Homeland. This symbolic power pervades despite the parodic, ironic discourse and the destabilization of the lyrical form. Finally, what remains is a word like homeland (domus) and, with it, fateful cartographies and signs of the exodus. Relying on M. Heidegger's ontology of space and the theory of M. Blanchot, the position of the low in the conception of lyrical spaces proves to be a challenge to metaphysical metaphors, but also a critique of historic oblivion and terror.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Documents of Jewish provenience from the first half of the 19th century
No full textU arhivu Srpske pravoslavne crkvene opštine i osnovne škole u Šidu, nalazi se dvadeset dokumenata hronološkog raspona od 1810. do 1844. godine a koji su vezani za Jevreje. U pitanju su računi koje su izdavali jevrejski trgovci i zanatlije za svoje usluge pružene Srpskoj pravoslavnoj crkvenoj opštini u Šidu kao i potvrde o prijemu novca nakon plaćanja tih računa. Još jedan dokument iz istog konteksta pronađen je u fondu Šidsko vlastelinstvo u Istorijskom arhivu „Srem“ u Sremskoj Mitrovici.Today, it 15 extremely rare to find archival documents оf Jewish provenience older than the second half of the 19th century. The main reason is destruction and stealing from the Jewish archives during the Second World War and generally disinterest of people in the preservation of the historical heritage. In the archive belonging to the Serbian Orthodox church municipality and the primary school in Šid, there are twenty documents of the chronological span between 1810 and 1844 concerning the Jews. These are the bills issued by the Jewish merchants and craftsmen for the service done for the Serbian Orthodox church municipality in Šid, as well as receipts after the bills had been paid. Another document from the same context was found in the fund Šid Manor ог the Historical Archive "Srem"
in Sremska Mitrovica. These are the handwritten texts, in German and Serbian, but in Hebrew, Latin, and Cyrillic alphabet. These texts are extraordinarily significant for the study of the development of Hebrew alphabet in Jewish communities in the Danube region, as well as for the study of the development of craftsmanship and trade, international relations, etc
Deportacija bačkih Jevreja 1944. godine
No full textOne of the Jewish centres in Europe was the Jewish community in Bačka, which had a vibrant Jewish life with a strong Jewish community and active Jewish institutions that created a Jewish culture which had its own unique features, drawn from the characteristics of that part of Southeastern Europe, including its prayer style and other special cultural traditions, but also had characteristics similar to those of Jewish institutions in other parts of the world. Following the imposition of direct Nazi control of the Horthy government in Hungary and the German forces' entry into Hungary in March 1944, including the territories annexed by it, among which was Bačka, Jews across the country were hounded into ghettos. From May onwards, many were deported largely to Auschwitz-Birkenau, whereby the majority were sent directly to the gas chambers. Within two months almost half a million Hungarian Jews were murdered. This was the fate of the Jewish community of Bačka: the Jews were deported, and the majority were murdered, with its members annihilated.Deportacija novosadskih Jevreja i građana jevrejske nacionalnosti sa prostora Bačke, usledila je kao konsekvenca proistekla iz okupacije Mađarske od strane nemačkih trupa 19. marta 1944. godine, odnosno kao posledica naredbe o internaciji Jevreja, koja je donesena 7. aprila iste godine u Budimpešti. U sledećih nekoliko dana bile su donete i druge odluke kojima su skoro u potpunosti Jevrejima oduzeta sva prava, ali i imovina. Prva grupa, od oko tri stotine Jevreja, koja je uhapšena nakon naredbe o internaciji, bila je smeštena u zgradi hotela „Sloboda” iz koje je nakon dvadeset dana vozovima odvezena u nacističke logore smrti. Masovna hapšenja Jevreja na prostoru Novog Sada, kao i na prostoru cele Bačke, započela su u ranim jutarnjim časovima 26. aprila 1944. godine. Dan pre početka hapšenja, izdata je naredba da osobe jevrejske nacionalnosti ne smeju napuštati svoje domove. Hapšenja su obuhvatila sve pripadnike jevrejske nacionalnosti bez obzira na starosnu i polnu strukturu, kao i na zdravstveno stanje. Takva je bila sudbina jevrejske zajednice Bačke: Jevreji su deportovani, većina je ubijena, a njeni članovi su istrebljeni.Library Special editions / Archives of VojvodinaStr. 413-418: Remembering the Holocaust / Nebojša KuzmanovićLink: [https://arhivvojvodine.org.rs/deportation-of-the-jews-of-backa-in-1944/
Awakening of anti-Semitism in Serbia at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. From old prejudices to global conspiracy theories: historical context, form and content
No full textVelike političke i društvene promene koje su zahvatile jugoslovenski prostor tokom poslednje decenije 20. veka stvorile su u Srbiji plodno tlo za neočekivan i nagli procvat antisemitizma. Ratovi, sankcije, ekonomska kriza, promena društvenog sistema i bolan proces tranzicije ponovo su otvorili vrata delovanju ekstremista i širenju opasnih ideja i maliciozno konstruisanih teorija zavere. Predavanje je posvećeno analizi antisemitskih sadržaja i formi iz tog vremena, sa posebnim osvrtom na njihov istorijski kontekst i ulogu Ratibora Đurđevića kao glavnog nosioca poslednjeg talasa antisemitizma u Srbiji. Đurđevićev značaj u ovom procesu ne može se prenaglasiti, budući da je on, i u teorijskom i u praktičnom smislu, predstavljao faktičku sponu između antisemitizma 1930-ih i Holokausta sa jedne, i savremenog antisemitizma zasnovanog na antiglobalizmu i teorijama zavere sa druge strane. Tokom predavanja analiziran je najznačajniji antisemitiski sadržaj objavljeni u Srbiji krajem 20. i početkom 21. veka i ukazano je na značaj poznavanja ovakvih sadržaja u prevenciji antisemitizma i govora mržnje.The great political and social changes that captured the Yugoslav space during the last decade of the 20th century created fertile ground in Serbia for an unexpected and sudden flourishing of anti-Semitism. Wars, sanctions, the economic crisis, changes in the social system, and the painful process of transition have reopened the door to extremist action and the spread of dangerous ideas and maliciously constructed conspiracy theories. The lecture is dedicated to the analysis of anti-Semitic contents and forms from that time, with special reference to their historical context and the role of Ratibor Đurđević as the main bearer of the last wave of anti-Semitism in Serbia. Djurdjevic's importance in this process cannot be overemphasized, since he represented, both theoretically and practically, a factual link between the anti-Semitism of the 1930s and the Holocaust on the one hand, and modern anti-Semitism based on anti-globalism and conspiracy theories on the other. During the lecture, the most important anti-Semitic content published in Serbia at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century was analyzed, and the importance of knowing such content in the prevention of anti-Semitism and hate speech was pointed out.Događaj je deo projekta organizacije Haver Srbija, "Znanje=tolerancija" posvećen 27. januaru, Međunarodnom danu sećanja na žrtve Holokausta. Tog dana 1945. godine jedinice Crvene Armije oslobodile su najveći logor smrti, Aušvic-Birkenau u Poljskoj. Ovaj dan ustanovljen je 1. novembra 2005. godine rezolucijom Generalne skupštine UN.The event is part of the Haver Serbia project "Knowledge = Tolerance", dedicated to January 27, the International Holocaust Remembrance Day. On that day in 1945, Red Army units liberated the largest death camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland. This day was established on November 1, 2005, by a resolution of the UN General Assembly.Predavanje održano 26. januara 2021. godine od 18.30 do 20 časova preko ZOOM platforme i 1. februara 2021. godine.The lecture was held on January 26, 2021, from 18:30 to 20:00 via the ZOOM platform and on February 1, 2021.Trajanje 1:29:53 minuta (duration 1:29:53 minutes).YouTube link: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODWeGZxPplI&list=PLhnejJShQmj4euBe6rPYN2d9SUF2SVbem&index=3&t=516s
Filip David on the Zohar and Kabbalah
No full textU pripremi za Zoom Šabat, koji se održao 7. maja 2021. godine povodom objavljivanja prva dva toma knjige "Zohar - knjiga sjaja", beogradski književnik Filip David dao je kraći intervju sa osvrtom na pojam mistike, Kabale, i svog ličnog odnosa i veze sa Kabalom i kabalističkim motivima. Posebno je spomenuo pisca Geršoma Šolema, profesora na Hebrejskom univerzitetu u Jerusalimu, koji je na jednostavan i popularan način osvetlio i analizirao pitanje Kabale i učinio ga pristupačnijim širem krugu zainteresovanih.In preparation for Zoom Shabbat, which took place on May 7, 2021, on the occasion of the publishing of the first two volumes of the book "Zohar - Book of Shine", Belgrade's writer Filip David gave a short interview with a review of the concept of mysticism, Kabbalah, and his personal relationship with Kabbalah and Kabbalistic motives. He especially mentioned the writer Gershom Sholem, a professor at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, who is a simple and popular way analyzed the issue of Kabbalah and made it more accessible to a wider public.Intervju vodio i snimio Davor Salom.The interview was conducted and recorded by Davor Salom.Trajanje 03:41 minuta (duration 03:41 minutes)
Jevrejska moderna književnost I
No full textWhat do we mean by Jewish literature in general and what makes modern Jewish literature, modern? How, when, and where did modern Jewish literature begin, and in what languages did it start to develop, and did the choice of different languages have a meaning of its own? These are some of the main issues discussed in this session - an introduction to a remarkable phenomenon in the story of the Jewish people.Šta podrazumevamo pod jevrejskom književnošću uopšte i šta modernu jevrejsku književnost čini modernom? Kako, kada i gde je počela moderna jevrejska književnost i na kojim jezicima je počela da se razvija, i da li je izbor različitih jezika imao svoje značenje? Ovo su neka od glavnih pitanja o kojima se raspravlja na ovoj sesiji – uvod u izuzetan fenomen u priči o jevrejskom narodu.Serija predavanja o jevrejskoj modernoj književnosti - Jevrejska književnost I.Trajanje 50:14 minuta (duration 50:14 minutes).YouTube link: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8qVcRP2Fdk&list=PLhnejJShQmj6jNTn4QoBtT27etLTwsBM4&index=1
Russian Orthodox Church abroad and the Holocaust
No full textСтатья посвящена истории отношения Русской Православной Церкви за границей (РПЦЗ) к Холокосту в годы Второй мировой войны. К ее началу для части духовенства существовавшей независимо от Московского Патриархата РПЦЗ был характерен антисемитизм. Эти священнослужители были настроены антисоветски и обвиняли евреев в совершении Октябрьской революции и последовавших затем антицерковных гонениях в СССР. После нападения Германии на СССР и оккупации Югославии, где находились руководящие органы РПЦЗ, в ее документах порой по-прежнему звучали антиеврейские ноты. В 1943 г. управляющий делами Архиерейского Синода Г.П. Граббе даже написал в Белграде две антисемитские брошюры. Однако в идеях русской церковной эмиграции отсутствовал характерный для нацизма расизм. Холокост руководство РПЦЗ никогда не одобряло. Среди прихожан этой Церкви в Германии были лица еврейского происхождения, которые участвовали в движении Сопротивления. РПЦЗ преследовали цель возрождения Великой России и воссоздания единой сильной Русской Церкви и поэтому находились в непримиримом противоречии с нацистской Германией, преследовав-
шей цель порабощения народов России. Несколько священнослужителей РПЦЗ во Франции, Югославии, Чехословакии и Польше участвовало в спасении евреев, а некоторые даже погибли за это: архимандрит Григорий (Перадзе) и протопресвитер Андрей Врасский. Статья подготовлена на основе архивных документов ряда стран.Članak je posvećen istoriji stavova Ruske Pravoslavne Zagranične Crkve (RPZC) prema Holokaustu u godinama Drugog svetskog rata. Pred njegov početak za deo klira RPZC koji je delovao nezavisno od Moskovske patrijaršije bio je karakterističan antisemitizam. Ovi sveštenoslužitelјi su bili antisovjetski nastrojeni i optuživali su Jevreje za sprovođenje Oktobarske revolucije i anticrkvene progone u SSSR koji su zatim usledili. Nakon što je Nemačka napala SSSR i okupirala Jugoslaviju u kojoj su se nalazili rukovodeći organi RPZC, u njenim dokumentima su se ponekad još uvek mogle zapaziti antijevrejske note. Upravnik poslova Arhijerejskog sinoda G. P. Grabe je čak u Beogradu napisao dve antisemitske brošure. Međutim, u idejama ruske crkvene organizacije nije bilo rasizma koji je karakterističan za nacizam. Rukovodstvo RPZC nikad nije odobravalo Holokaust. Među parohijanima ove Crkve u Nemačkoj bilo je lica jevrejskog porekla koja su učestvovala u Pokretu otpora. RPZC je imala za cilј preporod Velike Rusije i obnavlјanje jedinstvene snažne Ruske Crkve, pa se zbog toga nalazila u nepomirlјivoj protivrečnosti sa nacističkom Nemačkom, koja je za cilј imala poroblјavanje naroda Rusije. Nekoliko sveštenoslužitelјa RPZC u Francuskoj, Jugoslaviji, Čehoslovačkoj i Polјskoj učestvovalo je u spasavanju Jevreja, a neki su čak i poginuli za to: arhimandrit Grigorije (Peradze) i protoprezviter Andrej Vraski. Članak je napisan na osnovu arhivskih dokumenata iz niza zemalјa.The article is devoted to the history of the attitude of the Russian Orthodox Church abroad (ROCOR) to the Holocaust during the Second World War. By its beginning, some of the clergy that existed independently of the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church were characterized by anti-Semitism. These clerics were anti-Soviet and blamed the Jews for the October Revolution and the subsequent anti-Church persecution in the USSR. After the German attack on the USSR and the occupation of Yugoslavia, where the governing bodies of the ROCOR were located, anti-Jewish notes were sometimes still heard in its documents. In 1943 the managing Director of the Synod of bishops, G. P. Grabbe, even wrote two anti-Semitic pamphlets in Belgrade. However, the ideas of Russian Church emigration lacked the racism characteristic of Nazism. The ROCOR leadership never approved of the Holocaust. Among the parishioners of this Church in Germany were persons of Jewish origin who participated in the Resistance movement. The ROCOR had the goal of reviving great Russia and reestablishing a single strong Russian Church and therefore were in irreconcilable contradiction with Nazi Germany, which pursued the goal of enslaving the peoples of Russia. Several ROCOR clergy in France, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Poland participated in the rescue of Jews, and some even died for it: Archimandrite Gregory (Peradze) and Protopresbyter Andrey Vrassky. The article is based on archival documents from a number of countries