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Books - a cure of oblivion. How to prevent library and information material from being a "dead letter on paper" in a passive library fund ("Radnóti Bor-Abda", pr. Bela Sabo, Đer 2021; "Mapping history - stories of rescue during the Holocaust", editor-in-chief Vladimir Arsenić, Center for Applied History, Belgrade 2021)
Get PDFU toku 2021. svoj javni život počele su da žive dve publikacije koje temu Drugog svetskog rata i holokausta obrađuju kroz prizmu savremene i primenjene umetnosti. Reč je o dvojezičnoj, luksuzno opremlјenoj publikaciji "Radnóti Bor-Abda", koju je priredio Bela Sabo i o zbirci pet grafičkih novela koje je objavio Centar za primenjenu istoriju pod naslovom "Ucrtavanje istorije - Priče o spasavanju tokom Holokausta". Za obe publikacije deo sadržaja obezbedilo je Zavičajno odelјenje Narodne biblioteke Bor, još jednom potvrđujući svoju praksu kontinuiranog aktuelizovanja raznovrsne bibliotečke građe koju to odelјenje prikuplјa, obrađuje, čuva i promoviše.In 2021, two publications that deal with the subject of the Second World War and the Holocaust through the prism of contemporary and applied art began to live their public life. It is about the bilingual, luxuriously equipped publication "Radnoti Bor-Abda", edited by Bela Sabo, and a collection of five graphic novellas published by the Center for Applied History under the title "Mapping History - Stories of Rescue During the Holocaust". For both publications, the Home Department of the National Library of Bor provided part of the content. It once again confirmed its practice of continuously updating the various library materials that the department collects, processes, preserves and promotes
Jews in Montenegro: from Antiquity to the Holocaust
No full textKnjiga pruža prvi pregled crnogorske, uglavnom skrivene i nepoznate jevrejske istorije. U radu se na početku razmatraju arheološki dokazi i istorijski izvori koji dokumentuju najranije tragove jevrejskog prisustva na teritoriji Crne Gore u antici i srednjem veku. Autor zatim posebnu pažnju posvećuje zagonetnoj ličnosti Sabatija Cvija, najpoznatijeg „lažnog mesije“ u modernoj jevrejskoj istoriji koji je poslednje godine svog života proveo u progonstvu u gradu Ulcinju na crnogorskom primorju gde je i sahranjen 1676. godine. Naredna poglavlja fokusiraju se na prisustvo (kao i odsustvo) Jevreja u nezavisnoj Crnogorskoj monarhiji pre 1918. godine, Jevreje na osmanskoj teritoriji Novopazarskog sandžaka i malu, ali rastuću jevrejsku zajednicu Boke Kotorske i Crnogorskog primorja pod Habzburškom monarhijom. Nakon diskusije o jevrejskoj demografiji, verskoj organizaciji i sudbinama značajnih ličnosti jevrejskog porekla koje su živele u Crnoj Gori pod Kraljevinom Jugoslavijom u međuratnom periodu, knjiga daje detaljnu analizu sudbine ovdašnjih Jevreja i jevrejskih izbeglica iz drugih delova Jugoslavije, tokom Drugog svetskog rata. Nakon početne italijanske fašističke okupacije (1941-43), Crnu Goru je okupirala nacistička Nemačka (1943-44) koja je brzo proširila svoje antijevrejske mere i genocidne planove na ovaj kutak Evrope. Preko stotinu Jevreja koji su se krili na teritoriji Crne Gore je zarobljeno i kasnije stradalo u nacističkim koncentracionim logorima kao žrtve Holokausta, ali je još nekoliko stotina Jevreja preživelo rat u Crnoj Gori zahvaljujući pomoći lokalnog stanovništva i jugoslovenskih partizanskih snaga u kojima su bili i mnogi jevrejski borci. Od početka 21. vijeka, svedoci smo porasta interesovanja stručnjaka i šire javnosti za istoriju i sadašnjicu Jevreja u Crnoj Gori. Jedan od glavnih podsticaja predstavljalo je osnivanje Jevrejske zajednice Crne Gore (JZCG) 2011. godine.The book provides the first overview of Montenegrin, which is mostly hidden and unknown Jewish history. In the beginning, the paper discusses archaeological evidence and historical sources that document the earliest traces of Jewish presence on the territory of Montenegro in antiquity and the Middle Ages. The author then pays special attention to the enigmatic personality of Sabati Zvi, the most famous "false prophet Messiah" in modern Jewish history, who spent the last years of his life in exile in the city of Ulcinj on the Montenegrin coast, where he was buried in 1676. Subsequent chapters focus on the presence (as well as absence) of Jews in the independent Montenegrin Monarchy before 1918, Jews in the Ottoman territory of the Novopazar Sandjak, and the small but growing Jewish community of Boka Kotorska and the Montenegrin cost under the Habsburg Monarchy. After a discussion of Jewish demography, religious organization and the fates of important figures of Jewish origin who lived in Montenegro under the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the interwar period, the book provides a detailed analysis of the fate of local Jews and Jewish refugees from other parts of Yugoslavia during the Second World War. After the initial Italian fascist occupation (1941-43), Montenegro was occupied by Nazi Germany (1943-44), which quickly expanded its anti-Jewish measures and genocidal plans to this corner of Europe. Over a hundred Jews who were hiding in the territory of Montenegro were captured and later died in Nazi concentration camps as victims of the Holocaust. Still, several hundred more Jews survived the war in Montenegro thanks to the help of the local population and the Yugoslav partisan forces, which included many Jewish fighters. Since the beginning of the 21st century, we have witnessed an increase in the interest of experts and the general public in the history and present of the Jews in Montenegro. One of the main incentives was the establishment of the Jewish Community of Montenegro (JCM) in 2011.Biblioteka Posebna izdanja ; knj. 47.Ova monografija je nastala kao rezultat stadardnog grantovskog projekta br. 20-02699S „Jevreji u Crnoj Gori: od nevidljivosti do zajednice“, finansiranog Grantovskom agenturom Češke republike (GA ČR) / Tato monografie vznikla v rámci standardního grantového projektuč. 20-02699S „Židé v Černé Hoře: od neviditelnosti k obci“,financovaného Grantovou agenturou České republiky (GA ČR).Rukopis ove knjige nagrađen je u Beogradu 9. decembra 2021. Drugom nagradom 65. nagradnog konkursa Saveza jevrejskih opština Srbije za rukopise na jevrejsku temu za 2021. godinu. (the manuscript was awarded the 2nd prize of the 65th Literary Competition of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Serbia for Manuscripts on a Jewish theme in 2021 in Belgrade on December 9, 2021)
Konstrukcija jevrejskog identiteta u Srbiji devetnaestog veka: slučaj muzičara Josifa Šlezingera
Get PDFThis article explores the status of Josif Schlesinger (1794-1870), the first Serbian composer and professional musician in the court of Prince Miloš Obrenović (1780-1860), in the complex process of constructing Jewish identity in the web of Jewish legislation at the crossroads of the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires. Schlesinger was singled out as one of the most prominent Jews in the Principality of Serbia. His status was far more favourable than that of Jews of other professions, especially merchants. The attitude of the Serbian government towards Jews during most of the nineteenth century can be divided into two periods. During the first period, until the early 1840s, Jews were free to work, travel, and settle, while during the second period, which lasted until the Serbians achieved independence in 1878, Serbia had anti-Semitic laws that suppressed Jewish rights to work, travel, and settle. The anti-Jewish laws were so strict that the Alliance Israélite Universelle had to write to the major European forces during the talks leading to the Treaty of Berlin to inform them of the situation in Serbia; the anti-Semitic laws were abolished almost a decade later. The change of policy towards Jews in the 1840s was due to the economic interests of a part of the Serbian merchant elite, which was also very involved in trade and commerce. In the long period after the introduction of the first anti-Semitic laws, the majority of the Serbian government became very hostile toward the Jews. Jewish merchants were not supposed to work and live outside of their neighbourhood in Belgrade. According to Schlesinger himself, Jewish musicians enjoyed a different social status as members of a rare profession. In this article, the authors also focus on the problem of music migration from northern parts of the Habsburg Empire both to its south and to the newly (in 1867) established independent Principality of Serbia. The authors’ approach is based not only on an intersection of military and political history but also on a sociological perspective on migration and the issues of minorities which deepens the musicological approach to the issue of "Jewishness" and music.U ovom članku istražuje se status Josifa Šlezingera (1794-1870), prvog srpskog kompozitora i profesionalnog muzičara na dvoru kneza Miloša Obrenovića (1780-1860), u složenom procesu konstruisanja jevrejskog identiteta u mreži jevrejskog zakonodavstva na raskrsnici Osmanskog i Habzburškog carstva. Šlezinger je izdvojen kao jedan od najistaknutijih Jevreja u Kneževini Srbiji. Njegov status je bio daleko povoljniji od položaja Jevreja drugih profesija, posebno trgovaca. Odnos srpske vlasti prema Jevrejima tokom većeg dela devetnaestog veka može se podeliti na dva perioda. Tokom prvog perioda, sve do ranih 1840-ih, Jevreji su bili slobodni da rade, putuju i naseljavaju se, dok je u drugom periodu, koji je trajao sve dok Srbi nisu stekli nezavisnost 1878. godine, Srbija imala antisemitske zakone koji su suzbijali pravo Jevreja na rad, putovanje i nastanjivanje. Antijevrejski zakoni bili su toliko strogi da je Alliance Israélite Universelle morala da piše glavnim evropskim silama tokom pregovora koji su vodili do Berlinskog ugovora da ih obavesti o situaciji u Srbiji; antisemitski zakoni su ukinuti skoro deceniju kasnije. Promena politike prema Jevrejima 1840-ih godina bila je posledica ekonomskih interesa dela srpske trgovačke elite, koja se takođe veoma bavila zanatstvom i trgovinom. U dugom periodu nakon donošenja prvih antisemitskih zakona, većina članova srpske vlade postala je veoma neprijateljski raspoložena prema Jevrejima. Jevrejski trgovci nisu smeli da rade i žive van svog naselja u Beogradu. Prema samom Šlezingeru, jevrejski muzičari su uživali drugačiji društveni status kao pripadnici retke profesije. U ovom članku autori se fokusiraju i na problem migracije muzike iz severnih delova Habzburškog carstva, kako na njegov jug, tako i u tek (1867. godine) uspostavljenu nezavisnu Kneževinu Srbiju. Pristup autora se zasniva ne samo na preseku vojne i političke istorije, već i na sociološkoj perspektivi migracija i pitanja manjina što produbljuje muzikološki pristup pitanju "jevrejstva" i muzike.Članak je deo specijalnog broja (this article is part of the special issue) "Exploring Music Life in the Late Habsburg Monarchy and Successor States", ed. Tatjana Marković and Fritz Trümpi (April 3, 2021)
Waking up within a dream: Kabbalistic tradition in Jorge Luis Borges's fiction
Get PDFPoznato je da Borhesovo interesovanje za jevrejski misticizam predstavlјa izuzetno važnu teorijsku osnovu za tumačenje njegovog opusa. Otvarajući bezbroj mogućnosti koje izlaze iz okvira tradicionalnih filozofskih i religijskih shvatanja sveta, kabalistička učenja Borhesu su pružila potporu za stvaranje izuzetno kompleksnih svetova u kojima se podrivaju tradicionalna shvatanja vremena, prostora i celokupne stvarnosti. Cilј ovog rada jeste da pruži kratak osvrt na zastuplјenost jevrejske mističke tradicije u Borhesovoj prozi, te da ukaže na osnovne teme koje su u njoj prisutne, od simboličke prirode stvarnosti i prikaza sveta kao teksta do brisanja granica između sna i jave. Posebna pažnja biće posvećena konceptu sna unutar sna, koji predstavlјa jedan od glavnih kabalističkih motiva u Borhesovim pripovetkama. Na kraju, ideja o buđenju unutar tuđeg sna biće prikazana kroz analizu pripovetke "Kružne ruševine", u kojoj je najzastuplјenija.Borges's interest in Jewish mysticism is known to be an important theoretical perspective for interpreting his oeuvre. Opening a plethora of possibilities which cross the boundaries imposed by the traditional philosophical and religious systems, the Kabbalah provided Borges with the starting point for creating complex worlds in which the traditional perceptions of time, space, and reality are subverted. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief insight into the elements of Jewish mysticism which are present in Borges's fiction, from the symbolic nature of reality and the representation of the entire world as a text to the erasure of the boundaries between dreams and reality. Particular attention will be given to the concept of a dream within a dream, which is one of the main Kabbalistic motifs in Borges's short stories. Finally, the idea of waking up within someone else's dream will be shown through the analysis of the short story “Circular Ruins” in which is particularly prominent.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
"Jewish question" and immigration crisis in late Victorian Britain
Get PDFOvaj rad razmatra socijalne, ekonomske i pravne implikacije „jevrejskog pitanja” u periodu imigrantske krize u Velikoj Britaniji na izmaku viktorijanskog i početkom edvardijanskog doba. Ambivalentnost britanskog odnosa prema jevrejskoj imigraciji ogleda su u ideološkoj polarizaciji između široko zastupljene filosemitske solidarnosti i restrikcionističkih apela koji su stizali i s desne i s leve strane političkog spektra. Iako ksenofobična netrpeljivost manifestovana u Britaniji nije uporediva sa sistematskim antisemitskim nasiljem koje je u to doba sprovođeno u više evropskih žarišta, ona je nesumnjivo postojala i prožimala je sve društvene sfere. Drevne predrasude prema Jevrejima kao verskoj drugosti evoluirale su u sekularni vid antisemitizma koji je popularizovao stereotipe ubogog imigranta i jevrejskog kapitaliste kao osavremenjena sredstva projektovanja odgovornosti na ustaljene istorijske krivce. Premda je neosporno da je kolektivno ophođenje Britanaca prema Jevrejima bilo čestitije u odnosu na mnoge kontinentalne narode, izdizanje tog argumenta na nivo paradigme jevrejskog iskustva u Britaniji predstavlja generalizaciju kojom se pojednostavljuju kompleksnosti političkih relacija, relativizuju traume pređašnjih generacija i prikrivaju destruktivne sile iza diskriminacije. Uprkos činjenici da su demonstracije antisemitskog animoziteta bile sporadične, difuzne i bez izgleda da budu objedinjene u koherentnu političku ideju, one se nisu javljale kao povremene disrupcije skladnog kontinuiteta, već su bile prisutne kao permanentan pritajeni faktor u anglo-jevrejskim odnosima.This paper examines the social, economic, and legal aspects of the “Jewish Question” during the immigration crisis in late Victorian and early Edwardian Britain. The ambivalence of Britain's stance towards Jewish immigration is reflected in ideological polarization between a wide display of Philo-Semitic solidarity and persistent restrictionist appeals coming both from the right and left sides of the political spectrum. While Britain largely remained devoted to the principles of religious tolerance, cultural diversity, and the open market as pillars of a liberal state structure, the abrupt influx of Eastern European Jews made a considerable social impact and elicited expressions of domestic displeasure. The xenophobic intolerance manifested in Britain was by no means comparable to the systematic anti-Semitic violence orchestrated in a number of European hot-spots at the time, but it doubtlessly existed and permeated all spheres of society. Ancient prejudices against Jews as a religious Other evolved into a secular form of anti-Semitism which popularized the stereotypes of a destitute alien and capitalist Jew as a modernized means of projecting responsibility onto the usual historical suspects.
While it is indisputable that Britons as a whole were more commendable in their treatment of Jews than most continental nations, turning that argument into a paradigm of the Jewish experience in Britain is a generalisation which simplifies the complexities of political relations, relativizes the traumas of former generations, and conceals the destructive powers behind discrimination. Even though demonstrations of anti-Semitic animosity were sporadic, diffuse, and unlikely to merge into a coherent political idea, they did not loom as occasional disruptions of a harmonious continuity but were present as a permanent insidious factor in Anglo-Jewish relations.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Jewish heritage in Harold Pinter's plays
Get PDFU središtu dramskih tekstova Harolda Pintera, posebno u onim iz rane faze njegovog stvaralaštva nalazi se odnos između čoveka i jezika. Likovi iz njegovih drama ne mogu da se suoče sa bolnom prošlošću, te u njihovim narativima postoji nešto "neizrecivo". Postojanje "neizrecivog" sugeriše da su teme u piščevim delima povezane sa posebnim aspektom u njegovom životu: jevrejskim nasleđem. Sećanje na žrtve Holokausta inspiriše ga da pokaže ono što je video da se dogodilo u prošlosti, ono što se desilo oko njega i ono što se pribojava da će se desiti u budućnosti. U radu ćemo istražiti na koji način i u kojoj meri je piščevo jevrejsko poreklo odredilo njegovo dramsko stvaralaštvo i atmosferu u njima.At the heart of the plays by Harold Pinter, especially those from the early phase of his writing, is the relationship between man and language. When his characters face the painful past there is something unspeakable in their narratives. The existence of the unspeakable suggests that the themes in the writer's works are connected with a special aspect of his life: the Jewish heritage. The memory of the victims of the Holocaust inspired him to show what he saw happened in the past, what happened around him, and what he feared would happen in the future. In this paper, we will show in what way and to what extent the writer's Jewish origin determined his dramatic works and the atmosphere in them.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Psalms in the Old testament and medieval Apocryphic literature
Get PDFKomparativnom metodom dovodimo u saodnos tekstove starozavetne knjige Psalama i srednjovekovnog starozavetnog apokrifa "Kako David napisa Psaltir". Ispitujemo poreklo psalama, prilike u kojima su izvođeni, instrumente uz čiju pratnju se izvode psalmi, događaje i bogoslužbene činove koje psalmi prate, naznake autorstva pojedinih psalama i slično. Naročitu pažnju posvećujemo smislu, analizi i estetici psalama koji su nastali radi slavlјenja Gospoda, u Starom zavetu i srednjovekovnoj književnosti.Using a comparative method, we compare the texts of the Old Testament book of Psalms and the medieval Old Testament Apocrypha "As David wrote the Psalter". We examine the origin of the psalms, the occasions on which they were performed, the instruments with which the psalms are performed, the events and liturgical acts that accompany the psalms, and the indications of the authorship of individual psalms and the like. We pay special attention to the meaning, analysis and aesthetics of the psalms that were created to glorify the Lord, in the Old Testament and medieval literature.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Jews in the 19th century Serbian novel
Get PDFKnjiževnoistoriografskim hronološkim principom, uz imagološke metode, pokazaćemo transformaciju primarnih opštih, tipskih i stereotipnih doživlјaja Jevreja kao stranaca i epizodista, u sasvim prihvaćene, domaće i pojedinačne protagoniste u srpskom romanu 19. veka. Istovremeno, uporedićemo tretman Jevreja u srpskim sredinama pod turskom i austrijskom vlašću sa položajem u slobodnoj srpskoj državi, pokazujući kako su, od potpunih stranaca, kroz 19. vek, Jevreji postali integralni i punopravni deo inkluzivnog srpskog društva, odigravši u razvoju naše države značajnu ulogu i položivši pri tome ogromne žrtve.During the 19th century, the image of the Jews in Serbian literature underwent a complete transformation. With the literary-historiographical chronological principle, along with imagological methods, we have evoked this change from the primary general, typical, and stereotypical experiences of Jews as foreigners and episodic characters, into the completely accepted, domestic, and individual protagonists. The presentation of Jews in the Serbian novel of the 19th century was explored through the opuses of the classics, as well as from the now-forgotten writers. Sometimes with humour and irony, but almost always with understanding and acceptance, Serbian novelists left testimonies about one nation and religion in time. The examples show the treatment of Jews in Serbian communities under Turkish and Austrian rule, as well as the position that Jews had in the free Serbian state. From complete foreigners, Jews became an equal and valued part of an inclusive Serbian society throughout the 19th century. Their image in the Serbian literature of the 19th century also testifies to the stages of their voluntary assimilation and double identification. Feeling and identifying as an integral part of the wider national community, the Serbs of the Moses faith, as they were proudly called at the time, played a significant role in the liberation and evolution of the Serbian state.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Holocaust effect in "Gotz and Meyer" by David Albahari
Get PDFU ovom radu, a na primeru romana "Gec i Majer" Davida Albaharija i u okvirima post-modernističke poetike, biće reči o "junaku kao tipu", predstavniku istoriografske metafikcije, kog Linda Hačion naziva "podesnim tipom". U tom smislu, govorićemo o sintezi opšteg i pojedinačnog u službi rasvetlјavanja razumevanja potrebnog da bi se potencijalno opravdale činjenične podloge istorijskog narativa, utemelјenog na svrstavanju istorijskih činjenica u fiktivni diskurs. Takođe, uzevši u obzir da postmoderno nije deistorizovano, raspravlјaćemo o koncepciji književnosti kao umetnosti koja pokušava da donese iskuplјenje za istorijska iskustva. Na primerima iz romana pokazaćemo na koji način se predstavlјeni kontekst određuje kao značajan i do koje se mere problematizuje celokupna predstava o istorijskom (pred)znanju. Akcenat će biti stavlјen na samo iskustvo koje postaje literarni efekat, na ovom primeru "efekat Holokausta" - termin koji uvodi Ernst van Alfen u svojoj studiji "Caught by History".In this paper, we analyze the Holocaust effect in Albahari's novel "Gotz and Meyer". Albahari himself is not a victim, nor a witness of the Holocaust, but an author of Jewish origin who uses the historical experience and historical sources in order to reproduce the Holocaust effect - not only immediate testimonies and traumas but the consequences the Holocaust has left on the victims' descendants, as well. With this in mind, we show the novel in the light of historiographic metafiction, pointing out that, in literature, post-Holocaust testimonies are possible solely as its secondary effects. Mediation is above necessary, however, if the form of testimony is suitable. As this novel confirms, post-Holocaust literature represents a strong instrument in educating new generations of readers, by retelling the story that should not be forgotten. By using the power of its reach, literature should keep this type of discourse alive in the present, pointing out the importance of one of the biggest history lessons, which should be taken as an imperative of maintaining the victims' experience in the memories of the readers.Izdavanje ovog zbornika podržalo je Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije
Jews in Ohrid
No full textОхрид, е познат како балкански и европски Ерусалим, поради големиот број на цркви и манастири. Охрид е познат и како „град на светлината“, што претставува буквален превод на неговото старо име, Лихнид. Доказ дека навистина во Охрид живееле Евреи е синагогата Ахрида, која како што зборува легендата била пренесена во Истанбул. Овој објект бил изграден во 15 век од страна на Евреите по потекло од Охрид. Објектот бил реновиран во 1992 година, по повод 500-годишнината од пристигнувањето на евреите во Отоманското Царство. За Евреите од Охрид зборуваат историчарот Д-р Павле Митрески, професор во пензија и Д-р Зоран Тунтев, редовен професор на Факултетот за туризам и угостителство.Ohrid je poznat kao balkanski i evropski Jerusalim, zbog velikog broja crkava i manastira. Ohrid je takođe poznat kao „grad svetlosti“, što je doslovni prevod njegovog starog imena, Lihnida. Dokaz da su Jevreji zaista živeli u Ohridu jeste Ahridina sinagoga, koja je, prema legendi, preneta u Istanbul. Ovu zgradu su u 15. veku izgradili Jevreji poreklom iz Ohrida. Zgrada je renovirana 1992. godine, povodom 500. godišnjice dolaska Jevreja u Osmansko carstvo. O Jevrejima Ohrida govore istoričar dr Pavle Mitreski, profesor u penziji, i dr Zoran Tuntev, redovni profesor na Fakultetu za turizam i hotelijerstvo.Ohrid is known as the Balkan and European Jerusalem due to the large number of churches and monasteries. Ohrid is also known as the "city of light", which is a literal translation of its old name, Lychnid. Proof that Jews really lived in Ohrid is the Ahrida synagogue, which, according to legend, was transferred to Istanbul. This building was built in the 15th century by Jews originally from Ohrid. The building was renovated in 1992, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Jews in the Ottoman Empire. The historian Dr Pavle Mitreski, retired professor, and Dr Zoran Tuntev, full professor at the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, talk about the Jews of Ohrid.Trajanje 13:08 minuta (duration 13:08 minutes)YouTube link [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRHtgBBUGBI]Ovaj video je deo projekta „Život Jevreja u Makedoniji“, koji je Fond za holokaust Jevreja Makedonije realizovao sa ciljem dokumentovanja i predstavljanja istorije jevrejske zajednice u Makedoniji, njenog nasleđa, života i stradanja kroz vreme. (This video is part of the project “The Life of Jews in Macedonia,” which was carried out by the Holocaust Fund of the Jews from Macedonia with the aim of documenting and presenting the history, heritage, life, and suffering of the Jewish community in Macedonia over time)