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Non-low in Germany during national socialism
Get PDFNepravo je pojam kojim se obeležava pravni poredak Trećeg Rajha. Osnov funkcionisanja ovakvog poretka bila su oprečna pravna rešenja do kojih se dolazilo zloupotrebom pravne nauke i pravne prakse. Osnivanjem Akademije za nemačko pravo i tzv. Kilske škole prava nacisti su izvršili snažan uticaj na teoriju prava i pravnu praksu, s ciljem da nemački pravni poredak reformišu u duhu nacističke ideologije. To su činili donošenjem novih standarda (pravila) za tumačenje prava, kao i iskrivljivanjem pozitivističkih shvatanja teoretičara prava, pre svega Gustava Radbruha. Izvršivši takav uticaj na pravo i pravnu praksu, nacionalsocijalisti su donosili zakone koji se označavaju rasnim ili antisemitskim zakonodavstvom, koje je otvoreno diskriminisalo i obespravljivalo određene grupe ljudi, pre svega Jevreje. U ovom radu analiziramo (ne)pravni poredak Trećeg Rajha. Pažnju, najpre, posvećujemo stavovima teoretičara nacionalsocijalizma i rešenjima rasnog zakonodavstva, a zatim se bavimo nastankom pojma neprava, stavljajući u fokus rad profesora Gustava Radbruha koji je nakon Drugog svetskog rata kreirao ovaj pojam, a čija je filozofija prava bila prethodno zloupotrebljena od strane nacionalsocijalista. Na kraju, dajemo kratak osvrt na suđenje u Nirnbergu, koje je značajno ne samo za ispravljanje grešaka iz prošlosti, već i za postavljanje temelja savremenog međunarodnog krivičnog prava.Non-law is a term which characterizes the law system of the Third Reich. The basis of this regime was conflicting legal solutions which were reached by abusing legal science and legal practice. Founding Academy for German Law and the Kiel School of Law Nazis made a powerful influence on legal theory and legal practice with the aim of reforming the German legal order in the spirit of the Nazism ideology. Nazis did it by adopting new rules for the interpretation of the law and also by abusing of positivist understandings of legal theorists, primarily the positivist understandings of Gustav Radbruh. Also, the Nazis made laws that disenfranchised certain groups of people, particularly the Jews. This research will be analyzed the illegal order of the Third Reich. First, we pay attention to the theorist of Nazism and solutions of racial legislation. Thereafter, we study the origin of the concept of non-law putting in focus professor Gustav Radbruh who created this term because of abusing his philosophy of law. In the end, we give a brief overview of the trial in Nuremberg which is significant not only for correcting the mistakes from the past but also for laying the foundations of modern international criminal law
Being a Jew: Jean d’Ormesson’s "Wandering Jew story"
Get PDFBiti Jevrejin bilo je teško kroz čitavu istoriju, jer je pripadnost toj grupi oduvek nosila u isto vreme teško breme, ali i ponos. Od vremena praotaca i izlaska iz Egipta, Jevreji bivaju odabrani od Boga pa samim tim i obeleženi svojim blagoslovom koji ponekad izgleda kao prokletstvo. Od Isusovog stradanja njihova se situacija trajno pogoršava u okvirima hrišćanske katoličke Evrope koja je kao glavne krivce za njegovu smrt označila upravo Jevreje jer ih je i sam Isus na određeni način prokleo i osudio na besmrtnost kroz večno lutanje. Roman “Priča o Jevrejinu lutalici” (“Histoire du Juif errant”, 1991) francuskog pisca Žana d’Ormesona (Jean d’Ormesson) priča je o svetu, istoriji, čoveku koji pokušava da pronađe svoje mesto u istom tom svetu i istoj toj istoriji koja se neminovno i neprekidno ponavlja u svom laganom toku. Cilj rada jeste da sagleda kako se istorija i fikcija nadopunjuju u ovoj istoriografskoj metafikciji, kako se uz pomoć književnosti istorija približava čitaocima i istovremeno kako književnost obogaćuje svoj narativni opseg. U radu se koriste istorijska i analitička metoda uz pomoć kojih analiziramo različite istorijske aspekte ove fiktivne priče.It was hard to be Jewish throughout the whole history of their existence because this origin meant both a heavy historical burden as well as pride. From the times of the patriarchs and Exodus, the Jewish people had been chosen by God and thus marked with the blessing which often seemed a curse and damnation. From Christ's death on the Cross, their situation has permanently deteriorated in frames of Catholic Europe because they were marked as murderers of Christ who had cursed them himself and sentenced them to immortality through eternal wandering. This legend is central to the novel “Priča o Jevrejinu lutalici” (“Histoire du Juif errant” 1991) by the French writer Jean d’Ormesson. It is a story about the world as we know it, history, the cursed man who has been trying to find his place in that same world and that same repeating history in its slow flow. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ways in which history and fiction intertwine in this historiographic metafiction, the ways in which literature approximates history to the readers and how the literature enriches its own framework. The methods that are used to analyze different historical aspects of the narrative are historical and analytical
A la recherche de Dora dans le roman "Dora Bruder" de Patrick Modiano
Get PDFU ovom radu govori se o ulozi koju je francuska imala za vreme nacističke okupacije početkom četrdesetih godina XX veka, o nastojanju francuskih vlasti da prikriju i zaborave saradnju sa okupatorima, o građenju mita neposredno nakon traumatičnog perioda, o antisemitizmu koji je dugo prisutan na francuskom tlu, kao i o ulozi pisca Patrika Modijana u očuvanju sećanja na žrtve Holokausta kroz sudbinu Dore Bruder, junakinje istoimenog dela koja je u njemu simbol stradalih Jevreja za vreme Drugog svetskog rata. Analizirajući Modijanovo traganje za njenim identitetom, govorićemo i o preprekama na koje on nailazi, nastojeći da kroz njen lik sačuva od zaborava žrtve Holokausta. Na kraju rada izvodi se zaključak o važnosti Modijanovog dela “Dora Bruder” i odnosu francuske prema kolaboraciji sa nacistima tokom Drugog svetskog rata.Cet article traite du role que la France a joue pendant l’occupation nazie au debut des annees quarante du XXe siecle, des efforts des authorities franchises pour dissimuler et oublier leur cooperation avec les occupants, de la creation d’un myth immediatement apres la periode traumatisante, de l’antisemitisme longtemps present sur le sol francais, ainsi que le role de lecrivain Patrick Modiano dans la preservation de la memoire des victimes de la Shoah a travers le destin de Dora Bruder, l’heroine de louvrage du meme nom, qui y est le symbole des victimes juives de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En analysant la recherche de Modiano pour son identite, nous parlerons egalement des obstacles qu’il rencontre en essayant de sauver les victimes de l’Holocauste de l’oubli a travers son personnage. A la fin de Particle, une conclusion est tiree sur l’importance de l’ceuvre de Modiano Dora Bruder et sur l’attitude de la France envers la collaboration avec les nazis pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Jews in the theatre life of Vojvodina: Proceedings
Get PDF„Jevreji u pozorišnom životu Vojvodine“ naziv je trogodišnjeg projekta (2020-2022), složenog procesa koji se sastojao od istraživanja, prikupljanja izvora, analize, proučavanja i obrade dokumentacionog materijala, pisanja tekstova. Projekat je za cilj imao da produbi, rasvetli i odredi istorijski značaj, ulogu i mesto, i da vrednuje umetničke domete pripadnika jevrejske zajednice u pozorišnom stvaralaštvu Vojvodine (drama, opera, balet), odnosno Srbije. Duga je i bogata istorija vojvođanskih pozorišta, a veliki doprinos toj činjenici svakako je i stvaralaštvo pripadnika jevrejske nacionalne zajednice. Nesumnjivo je da su oni svojim darom i umetničkim dostignućima stekli značajnu mesto u pozorišnom životu Vojvodine. Ovaj nacionalni korpus je iznedrio vrsne stvaraoce pozorišne umetnosti, koji su svojim delanjem oplemenili kulturu Srbije. Zbornik sadrži devetnaest radova.The present Proceedings entitled „Jews in the theatre life of Vojvodina“ is the result of a three-year project (2020-2022) which assumed a complex process consisting of research, collection of sources, analysis, studying and processing of documentary material, and writing texts. The aim of the project was to deepen, illuminate and determine the historical significance, role and place of the Jewish community in the theatrology (drama, opera, ballet) of Vojvodina, Serbia, as well as to evaluate its artistic achievements. Vojvodina’s theatres have a long and rich history, to which the creativity of members of the Jewish community has significantly contributed. There is no doubt that with their gift and artistic achievements they have gained a significant place in the theatre life of Vojvodina. This national corps gave birth to excellent creators of theatre art, who enriched Serbian culture with their work. The Proceedings contain nineteen works
From the message
Get PDF„Pročitala sam tvoju priču. Mnogo toga si pričao o Aušvicu. Moram da dodam da ja u Aušvic nisam mogla i ne mogu da odem. Ni putem Marša živih, kroz jevrejsku priču. Niti gledam filmove o Aušvicu. Zašto? Osećam se poniženo, bezvredno. Moji su stradali. Mnogi. Moj pradeda Filip Šer imao je tada 88 godina, rođen je 1856. godine. Radio je kao trgovac u Novom Sadu i Zagrebu. Slučajno je izbegao likvidaciju u januaru 1942. godine. Porodica je otišla u ilegalu i njega je ostavila kao najstarijeg. Deportovali su ga u koncentracioni logor Aušvic u aprilu 1944. godine, iz novosadske Sinagoge, njegove. U čiju gradnju je ulagao, u kojoj je imao obeleženo sedište za molitvu Bogu. Bogu koji ga je izdao. Znamo da je deda Filip stigao živ u Aušvic, dalje mu se gubi trag. Kako li nesta moj deka. Ne želim da idem u Aušvic! Od petoro njegove dece, logor Aušvic su preživele samo Nina i Adela. Nina, moja baka“.„I read your story. You talked a lot about Auschwitz. I must add that I could not and cannot go to Auschwitz. Nor through the March of the Living, through the Jewish story. Nor do I watch movies about Auschwitz. Why? I feel humiliated and worthless. Myne have perished. Many. My great-grandfather Filip Šer was 88 years old at the time, he was born in 1856. He worked as a merchant in Novi Sad and Zagreb. He accidentally escaped liquidation in January 1942. The family went underground and left him as the eldest. He was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp in April 1944, from the Novi Sad Synagogue. In whose construction he invested, in which he had his own seat for praying to God. To God who betrayed him. We know that Grandpa Filip came alive in Auschwitz, but his trace was lost. How did my uncle disappear? I don't want to go to Auschwitz! Of his five children, only Nina and Adela survived the Auschwitz camp. Nina, my grandmother“.Priča “Od poruke” autora Mirjane Kranjac i Dušana Vulete dobila je nagradu Otkup na 66. nagradnom konkursu Saveza jevrejskih opština Srbije za 2022. godinu (žiri u sastavu: dr Milan Ristović, Filip David i Bogdan A. Popović).The story "From the Message" by Mirjana Kranjac and Dušan Vuleta won the "Otkup" award at the 66th award competition of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Serbia for 2022 (jury: Dr. Milan Ristović, Filip David and Bogdan A. Popović).U navođenju imena autora u tekstu je omaškom štampano ime Marija umesto Mirjana
Steps of the past, present and future: Handbook III
Get PDFProjekat “Koraci prošlosti, sadašnjosti i budućnosti” ima za cilj očuvanje sećanja i obrazovanje o lokalitetima koji su zaboravljeni, napušteni ili nepoznati većem delu građana i građanki, a od izuzetnog su značaja za jevrejsko i romsko nasleđe, Holokaust i Porajmos, i širu javnost. Glavni deo projekta je kreiranje besplatnih obrazovnih tura za javnost, koje će doprineti razvijanju kritičke istorijske svesti i premošćavanju predrasuda koje postoje prema lokalnoj kulturi i istoriji Jevreja i Roma. Projekat teži rasvetljavanju i prevenciji postojanja današnjeg antisemitizma, anticiganizma i diskriminacije. Ovim projektom, lokaliteti stradanja i nasleđa u Beogradu, Subotici i Novom Sadu postaju mesta obrazovanja i učenja, kao i prostori za aktivizam, i time doprinose stvaranju otvorenijeg, inkluzivnijeg i slobodnijeg društva. U Priručniku III, predstavljeni su sledeći sadržaji: Antisemitizam - Šest faza u istorijskom razvoju antisemitizma / Karakteristična ispoljavanja savremenog antisemitizma / Anticiganizam - Ko štiti prava (primer radionice) / U raljama predrasuda (primer radionice) / Piramida mržnje / Ključni pojmovi.The project "Steps of the Past, Present and Future" aims to preserve memories and educate about localities that are forgotten, abandoned or unknown to the citizens, and are of exceptional importance for Jewish and Roma heritage, the Holocaust and Porajmos, and the general public. The main part of the project is the creation of free educational tours for the public, which will contribute to the development of critical historical awareness and bridging the prejudices that exist against the local culture and history of Jews and Roma. The project aims to clarify and prevent the existence of today's anti-Semitism, anti-Gypsyism and discrimination. With this project, the sites of suffering and heritage in Belgrade, Subotica and Novi Sad become places of education and learning, as well as spaces for activism, thus contributing to the making of a more open, inclusive and free society. In Manual III, the following contents are presented: Antisemitism - Six stages in the historical development of antisemitism / Characteristic manifestations of contemporary antisemitism / Anti-Gypsyism - Who protects rights (workshop example) / In the jaws of prejudice (workshop example) / Pyramid of hatred / Key concepts
Staro sajmište (the Old Fairground): a virtual tour with Maja Jocić and Svetlana Paunović
No full textVirtuelni edukativni obilazak Starog Sajmišta vode profesorke Maja Jocić i Svetlana Paunović. Virtuelni obilazak jevrejskog nasleđa i istorije Holokausta u Srbiji je deo projekta organizacije Haver Srbija "Koraci prošlosti, sadašnjosti i budućnosti" koji je podržan od strane The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA).The virtual educational tour of the Old Fairground is guided by professors Maja Jocić and Svetlana Paunović. The virtual tour of the Jewish heritage and history of the Holocaust in Serbia is part of the Haver Serbia project "Steps of the Past, Present and Future" which is supported by The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA).Trajanje 1:24:21 minuta (duration 1:24:21 minutes).YouTube link: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvufMNnC9uA
Jerusalem in Early Islamic Tradition
Get PDFU ova dva članku su opisane ključne ranoislamske tradicije prema kojima se Jeruzalem smatra trećim po važnosti svetim gradom u islamu. Iz perspektive vjerskih, međuvjerskih, političkih i povijesnih okolnosti analiziran je njihov sadržaj te su razmotreni mogući razlozi za nastanak tih tradicija. Pozornost je posvećena tekstualnim i materijalnim vrelima, razini njihove autentičnosti, datiranju, te njihovu tumačenju od strane uglednih orijentalista i povjesničara umjetnosti. U članku su obrađene pojedinačne teme, kao što je Jeruzalem u islamskim kanonskim tekstovima, Muhamedovo noćno putovanje u el-Aksu, legende o Omarovu osvajanju Jeruzalema, imena Jeruzalema u djelima ranoislamskih ljetopisaca, uloga Židova i židovskih obraćenika u nastanku ranoislamskih tradicija te izgradnja, ukrasi, inskripcije i simbolika Kupole nad Stijenom. Autor u zaključku razmatra pitanje u kolikoj je mjeri religijsko čašćenje Jeruzalema u islamu povezano s autohtonim ranoislamskim vjerskim tradicijama, a u kojoj s ranom muslimansko-židovskom interakcijom te političkim procesima, od unutarislamskoga raskola u vrijeme prelaska rašidunske vlasti na umajadsku i Abdul-Malikova sukoba s hidžaskim kalifom el-Zubeirom, preko Križarskih ratova, do današnjega arapsko-izraelskog sukoba.These two articles are described major early Islamic traditions in which Jerusalem has been designated as the third holiest city in Islam. Their content has been analyzed based on the historical context and religious, inter-religious and political circumstances in which they were forged. Particular attention has been paid to textual and material sources, their authenticity, dating and their interpretation by prominent orientalists and art historians. The article addresses specific themes, such as Jerusalem in Islamic canonical texts, Muhammad’s Night Journey to al-Aqṣā, the legends of Caliph ‘Umar’s conquest of Jerusalem, names for Jerusalem in Early Islamic chronicles, the influence of Jews and Jewish converts on early Islamic traditions, and the construction, symbolism, ornaments, and inscriptions of the Dome of the Rock. In the concluding remarks the author considers the question of to what degree attributing holiness to Jerusalem in Islam has been based on autochthonous early Islamic religious traditions, and to what degree on Muslim-Jewish interaction in Palestine, political processes, such as fitnah during early Umayyad rule, ‘Abd al-Malik’s struggle with Caliph Ibn al-Zubayr in the Hejaz, the Crusades, and the present-day Arab-Israeli conflict.Ovaj članak je proširena verzija predavanja "Jerusalim u ranoj islamskoj tradiciji" održanog 10. novembra 2017. na Odsjeku za povijest Sveučilišta u Zadru (this paper is an expanded version of the lecture "Jerusalem in Early Islamic Tradition" held on November 10th, 2017 at the Department of History of the University of Zadar).Članak je objavljen i na engleskom jeziku u časopisu "Lamed-E: A Quarterly Journal of Politics and Culture", Winter 2021, No. 53, str. 1-24 (the article was also published in English in Lamed-E: A Quarterly Journal of Politics and Culture, Winter 2021, no. 53, p. 1-24).Ovaj tekst je u časopisu "Lamed" objavljen u dva dela. Prvi deo objavljen je u broju 2, a nastavak u broju 3, 2022. godine (this text was published in two parts in the magazine "Lamed". The first part was published in issue 2, and continued in issue 3, in 2022)
Zašto im je to bilo toliko važno? Kulturna aktivnost jevrejki u radnom logoru Ober-Hohenelbe
No full textThe presentation is based on the personal story of Lili (Alice) Kasticher who was born in 1923 in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia. She was deported from Hungary to Auschwitz at the age of twenty-one following her capture during resistance operations. From Auschwitz, she was sent to Camp Oberhohenelbe in the Sudetenland. In the camp, every two weeks, Lili, together with other women, organized afternoon cultural events in which about twenty women participated. They held a painting, poetry, and short story writing contest. The works were numbered, so as not to expose their creators’ identity. Lili concealed the pages of poetry and drawings in her blouse. Dr Chava Baruch received her MA focusing on the Budapest Ghetto in 1944 from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and concentrated on her PhD on the world’s perception of the Neolog Jews in Budapest between 1919-1943. Dr Baruh was a Head of the Central European Desk in the European Department of the International School for Holocaust Studies in Yad Vashem, such she organized Teacher training seminars in Israel and abroad for teachers from 8 European countries like Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka), Macedonia and Kosovo.Prezentacija je zasnovana na ličnoj priči Lili (Alice) Kastiher koja je rođena 1923. godine u Novom Sadu, Jugoslavija. Deportovana je iz Mađarske u Aušvic u dobi od dvadeset i jedne godine nakon što je zarobljena tokom operacija otpora. Iz Aušvica je poslata u logor Oberhohenelbe u Sudetima. U kampu je svake dve nedelje Lili, zajedno sa drugim ženama, organizovala popodnevne kulturne događaje u kojima je učestvovalo dvadesetak žena. Održali su takmičenje u slikanju, poeziji i pisanju kratkih priča. Radovi su numerisani, kako se ne bi otkrio identitet njihovih stvaralaca. Lili je u svoju bluzu sakrila stranice poezije i crteža. Dr Hava Baruh je magistrirala sa fokusom na geto u Budimpešti 1944. godine na Hebrejskom univerzitetu u Jerusalimu i koncentrisala se na doktorat o percepciji sveta o neološkim Jevrejima u Budimpešti između 1919-1943. Dr Baruh je bila šef Centralnoevropskog deska u Evropskom odeljenju Međunarodne škole za studije Holokausta u Jad Vašemu, tako da je organizovala seminare za obuku nastavnika u Izraelu i inostranstvu za nastavnike iz 8 evropskih zemalja poput Mađarske, Rumunije, Srbije, Hrvatske, Slovenija, Republika Srpska (Banja Luka), Makedonija i Kosovo.Predavanje održano 26. januara 2022. godine preko Zoom platforme sa početkom u 19 časova, povodom obeležavanja Međunarodnog dana sećanja na žrtve Holokausta (the lecture was held on January 26, 2022 via the Zoom platform starting at 7 p.m. regarding the International Holocaust Remembrance Day).Trajanje 1:26:15 minuta (duration 1:26:15 minutes).YouTube link [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNA-CcRkkzU
Tiho nasleđe
No full textThis is the story of the late Itzhak Werber, son of Subotica and Novi Sad, who survived the Holocaust in Auschwitz-Birkenau, one of the founders of "Bericha Movement" in Europe after World War II ("Bericha" was an illegal movement that helped Jewish survivors of the Holocaust to fled from Europe after World War II to British Mandatory Palestine in violation of the White Paper of 1939. It ceased operations when Israel declared independence and annulled the White Paper). Itzhak Werber was a lieutenant in the IDF (Israel Defense Forces) during the Israeli War of Independence, a key activist in Operation "Magic Carpet" shortly after the Israeli War of Independence, and one of the founders of Israel's nuclear power plant in the Negev, and a political activist. His life is told and remembered by his son Ron.Ovo je priča o pokojnom Icaku Verberu, sinu Subotice i Novog Sada, koji je preživeo Holokaust u Aušvic-Birkenau, jednom od osnivača "Beriha" u Evropi posle Drugog svetskog rata ("Beriha" je bio ilegalni pokret koji je pomogao Jevrejima koji su preživeli Holokaust da pobegnu iz Evrope posle Drugog svetskog rata u britansku Mandatnu Palestinu kršeći Belu knjigu iz 1939. godine. Prestao je sa akcijama kada je Izrael proglasio nezavisnost i poništio Belu knjigu). Icak Verber je bio poručnik IDF (Israel Defense Forces) tokom rata za nezavisnost Izraela, ključnom aktivisti u operaciji "Magični tepih" ubrzo nakon rata za nezavisnost Izraela, jedan od osnivača izraelske nuklearne elektrane u Negevu, i politički aktivista. O njegovom životu priča i seća se njegov sin Ron.Predavanje održano 24. juna 2022. godine preko Zoom platforme (Zoom Šabat) sa početkom u 19.30 časova.The lecture was held on June 24, 2022, via the Zoom platform (Zoom Shabbat) starting at 7:30 p.m.Trajanje 1:24:42 minuta (duration 1:24:42 minutes).YouTube link [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BbJOdGYq-M]