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Srpskohrvatski kao jezik sefardske književnosti: slučajevi Isaka Samokovlije i Žaka Konfina
Get PDFThe early twentieth century saw a rise in Jewish writers in what is traditionally considered non-Jewish languages in the Balkans like in the rest of Europe. In light of this phenomenon’s significance, we pose the question of why and how Serbo-Croatian became a language of Sephardic literature. The article questions the accepted narrative of the ‘linguistic acculturation’ of Sephardic Jews in the Balkans and unearths the complex cultural, but also political background of this Jewish phenomenon using the
examples of two prolific, recognized, and celebrated writers of Sephardic background, Isak Samokovlija and Jacques Confino. Through the historicization of Sephardic multilingualism in Serbia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the 1890s to the 1920s, it argues that the adoption of Serbo-Croatian was motivated equally, if not dominantly, by Jewish political aims in the region rather than the pressures of emancipation only. Samokovlija and Confino’s biographies and cultural choices, therefore, illuminate an unlikely Sephardic history.Početkom dvadesetog veka došlo je do porasta broja jevrejskih pisaca na onome što se tradicionalno smatra nejevrejskim jezicima na Balkanu, kao i u ostatku Evrope. U svetlu značaja ovog fenomena, postavljamo pitanje zašto je i kako srpskohrvatski postao jezik sefardske književnosti. Članak dovodi u pitanje prihvaćeni narativ „jezičke akulturacije“ sefardskih Jevreja na Balkanu i otkriva kompleksnu kulturnu, ali i političku pozadinu ovog jevrejskog fenomena na primerima dvojice plodnih, priznatih i proslavljenih pisaca sefardskog porekla, Isaka Samokovlije i Žaka Konfina. Kroz istorizaciju sefardske višejezičnosti u Srbiji i Bosni i Hercegovini od 1890-ih do 1920-ih, on tvrdi da je usvajanje srpsko-hrvatskog podjednako, ako ne i dominantno, motivisano jevrejskim političkim ciljevima u regionu, a ne samo pritiscima emancipacije. Biografije Samokovlije i Konfina i kulturni izbori, stoga, verovatno osvetljavaju i sefardsku istoriju
The "Muslim" or the impossible witness
Get PDFU radu ćemo se baviti nemogućnošću svedočenja o iskustvu logora kroz pojam „Musliman”. Korpus istraživanja predstavlјaće roman Prima Levija "Zar je to čovek", dok će teorijski okvir biti delo "Ono što ostaje od Aušvica, arhiv i svjedok" Đorđa Agambena. Analizom se želi pokazati da je jedini pravi, istinski svedok onaj koji je u logoru dostigao krajnji nivo lјudske degradacije i to iskustvo platio životom, dok je svedočenje preživelih u ime Muslimana u krajnjem slučaju posredno: budući da je o logoru nemoguće svedočiti iz iskustva smrti (iz pozicije Muslimana), preživeli se mogu smatrati dru- gostepenim svedocima koji jedino na osnovu onoga što su i sami iskusili pokušavaju da svedoče u ime „potoplјenih” koji to ne mogu.As it has been indicated by the very title, the topic of the paper has been the "Muslim" or the impossible witness to the Holocaust. To accomplish this we have made use of the term so-called Muslim which existed as an ostracized group in the camp(s) and which was represented in Primo Levi's "If this is a man". The theoretical framework of the paper has been Giorgio Agamben's work "Remnants of Auschwitz: the witness and the archive". The analysis has tried to show that the only true, genuine witness is the one who reached the final stage of human degradation and paid dearly for that experience (as was the case with the Muslim), while the testimonies of those who survived are in the best case vicarious: having in mind the impossibility of bearing witness to Holocaust from the experience of death (from the position of a Muslim), the survived ones may be considered secondary witnesses who tried to reconstruct the experience of the Muslim ns based on their own.Reč “Musliman” (nemački, zastarelo: musliman) obično se koristila u Aušvicu i drugim nemačkim koncentracionim logorima. U Aušvicu je korišćen iskrivljeni oblik poljske reči koja označava muslimana (“muzułman”). U logorskom žargonu to se odnosilo na zatvorenika u terminalnoj fazi fizičke i psihičke iscrpljenosti, pre svega zbog gladovanja. “Muslimana” je karakterisala atrofija mišića; suva koža koja se ljušti rastegnuta preko obrisa kostiju; lice je izgledalo kao maska, oči su bile mutne. Mišićna atrofija činila je njihove pokrete sporim. Ramena su im bila pogrbljena i preferirali su čučeći položaj. Osetljivi na hladnoću, često su se pokrivali ćebadima, krpama i papirom od cementnih vreća. Psihološki poremećaji su pratili somatske promene. “Muslimani” u ranoj fazi bili su lako nestrpljivi i razdražljivi, a njihova pažnja bila je usmerena isključivo na nabavku hrane; vremenom su postali potpuno ravnodušni prema vanjskim stimulansima. Prilikom selekcije u logoru slali su ih u gasne komore. Ostaje nejasnoća u pogledu etimologije reči (Mini rečnik pojmova iz istorije Aušvica ([http://70.auschwitz.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=278&Itemid=179&lang=en]).The word “Muselmann” (German, obsolete: Muslim) was commonly used in Auschwitz and other German concentration camps. In Auschwitz, the distorted form of the Polish word denoting a Muslim was used (“muzułman”). In the camp jargon, it referred to a prisoner in the terminal stages of physical and mental exhaustion, due above all to starvation. “Muselmänner” were characterized by wasting away the fat layer and the muscles; dry, peeling skin stretched over the outline of the bones; the face looked like a mask, eyes clouded. Muscular atrophy made their movements sluggish. Their shoulders were hunched and they preferred a squatting position. Sensitive to cold, they often covered themselves with blankets, rags, and paper from cement sacks. Psychological disturbances accompanied the bodily changes. Early-stage “Muselmänner” were easily excited and irritable, with their attention focused exclusively on acquiring food; over time they became indifferent to outside stimuli. During selection in the camp, they were sent to their death in the gas chambers. Some ambiguity as to the etymology of the word remains (Mini dictionary of terms from the history of Auschwitz [http://70.auschwitz.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=278&Itemid=179&lang=en]).Zbornik je rezultat istraživanja u okviru Studija Holokausta koje se pod pokrovitelјstvom Claims Conference (Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany) izvode na Univerzitetu u Kragujevcu.The collection of papers is the result of research within Holocaust Studies, which are conducted at the University of Kragujevac under the support of the Claims Conference (Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany)
Semiotic analysis of tangible and intangible signs and evidence of Jewish identity and the Holocaust in the novel "Rani jadi" by Danilo Kis
Get PDFJevrejski identitet veoma je teško obuhvatiti zato što postoji mnogo različitih jevrejskih identiteta. Jevrejin kao slika drugog objekat je pogleda, negativni primer, stranac, ambivalentan u religioznom, etničkom, etičkom, socijalnom i svakom drugom smislu. Istraga (isleđivanje) jeste pravno-policijska disciplina i metod utvrđivanja i prikuplјanja dokaza, otkrivanje vinovnika kriminalnih radnji, rekonstruisanja počinjenih delikata i provera činjenica u cilјu razjašnjenja krivičnih dela putem strogo propisanih tehnika. Predmet ovog rada jeste ispitivanje, analiza i potonja rekonstrukcija događaja koju dobijamo istragom i svedočenjem Andreasa Sama u delu "Rani jadi" Danila Kiša. Posredstvom semiotičke analize tragova u dokaznom materijalu dobićemo podatke i sliku koja nije eksplicitno data u delu. Tim ćemo tragovima doći do pitanja Holokausta kroz oči deteta, ali prevashodno i do otkrivanja jevrejskog identiteta samog protagoniste. Služeći se postavkama imagologije i semiotike, doći ćemo preko tragova koji su u pukotinama dela do samog značaja jevrejskog identiteta protagoniste i pitanja identiteta oca aškenaškog mađarskog Jevreja, koliko je značajan za protagonistu i njegovo shvatanje Holokausta i jevrejskog pitanja.Investigation is, on the other hand, a legal police discipline and a method of establishing and collecting evidence, discovering the perpetrators of criminal acts, reconstructing the crimes committed, and verifying the facts to clarify criminal acts through strictly prescribed techniques. Jewish identity is very difficult to capture because there are many different Jewish identities. The Jew as the image of the other is an object of gaze, a negative example, a stranger, ambivalent in religious, ethnic, ethical, social, and every other sense. The paper analyzes the examination, and subsequent reconstruction of the event, which we get through the investigation and testimony of Andreas Sam in "Rani jadi" by Danilo Kis. Through the semiotic analysis of traces in the evidentiary material, we will get data and an image that is not explicitly given in the work. With these clues, we will come to the question of the Holocaust through the eyes of a child, but above all to the discovery of the Jewish identity of the protagonist himself. Using the principles of imagology and semiotics, we will get to the very significance of the Jewish identity of the protagonist and the question of the identity of the father of the Ashkenazi Hungarian Jew, how significant it is for the protagonist and his understanding of the Holocaust and the Jewish question.Zbornik je rezultat istraživanja u okviru Studija Holokausta koje se pod pokrovitelјstvom Claims Conference (Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany) izvode na Univerzitetu u Kragujevcu.The collection of papers is the result of research within Holocaust Studies, which are conducted at the University of Kragujevac under the support of the Claims Conference (Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany)
Leonard Cohen and Judaism
No full textU okviru aktivnosti „Zoom Šabata“, u organizaciji Jevrejske opštine Beograd i neposrednoj tehničkoj realizaciji Rake-Rahamima Levija, 24. februara 2023. godine gost i predavač “Zooma” bila je dr Dragana Stojanović, profesorka na Fakultetu za medije i komunikacije u Beogradu. Predavanje se odnosilo na Lenarda Koena (Leonard Cohen), kanadskog kantautora, pesnika i romanopisca koji je rođen je 1934. u Montrealu, a preminuo 2016. u Los Anđelesu. Koen je bio jedan od najznačajnijih kompozitora i tekstopisaca našeg vremena. Njegove pesme govore o ljubavi i mržnji, bolu i duhovnosti, ratu i miru, ekstazi i depresiji.As part of the activity "Zoom Shabbat", organized by the Jewish community of Belgrade and the technical support to Raka-Raham Levi, on 24 February 2023, the guest and the lecturer was Dr Dragana Stojanović, professor at the Faculty of Media and Communications in Belgrade. The lecture referred to Leonard Cohen, Canadian Cantauthor, poet and writer born in 1934 in Montreal and passed away in 2016 in Los Angeles. Cohen was one of the most prominent composers and songwriters of our time. His poems talk about love and hatred, pain and spirituality, war and peace, ecstasy and depression.Predavanje održano 24. februara 2023. godine preko Zoom platforme (Zoom Šabat) sa početkom u 19.30 časova.The lecture was held on February 24, 2023, via the Zoom platform (Zoom Shabbat) starting at 7:30 p.m.Trajanje 01:12:23 minuta (duration 01:12:23 minutes).YouTube link: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8-6Nkrw35s&feature=youtu.be
Mi smo preživeli...: Jevreji o Holokaustu. 4
Get PDFIn five books, "We Survived: Yugoslav Jews on the Holocaust" (four of them translated into English), the testimonies of a small number of surviving members of the Jewish community about World War II were collected. The peculiarity of the circumstances in which the entire population of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was found is reflected in the fact that at the beginning of the war, the country was occupied by five invaders: Germany, Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Albania and the fascist satellite formation, the so-called The Independent State of Croatia. These circumstances also led to different ways of surviving and rescuing Jews from these areas. The Jewish Historical Museum of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Yugoslavia / Serbia published these books with the help of donations and volunteer work of the editorial board in which seven of nine members survived the Holocaust. These books are an extraordinary collection of tragic and dramatic experiences about unique choices - the struggle for life, dignity, and freedom in partisans; about concentration camps, about refugee life under constant threat, about help and friendships. They are also a good basis for exploring the Holocaust and the history of Jews from the former Yugoslavia. Each testimony is enriched with a series of photographs and together with the text, they make unique documentation material. As the suffering of Jews on the territory of the former Yugoslavia is poorly known to the general public, these books have the task of filling that space. They thus become a memorial for all the victims whose many names are found only in memory.U seriji od pet knjiga "Mi smo preživeli: Jevreji o Holokaustu" od kojih su četiri prevedene na engleski jezik, sakupljena su svedočenja malobrojnih preživelih članova jevrejske zajednice o vremenu Drugog svetskog rata. Osobenost prilika u kojima se zateklo celokupno stanovništvo Kraljevine Jugoslavije ogleda se u činjenici da je tu državu, početkom rata, okupiralo pet zavojevača: Nemačka, Italija, Bugarska, Mađarska, Albanija i fašistička satelitska tvorevina, tzv. Nezavisna država Hrvatska. Te okolnosti su uslovile i različite načine preživljavanja i spašavanja Jevreja sa ovih prostora. Jevrejski istorijski muzej Saveza jevrejskih opština Jugoslavije/Srbije objavio je ove knjige uz pomoć donacija i uz volonterski rad redakcije u kojoj je sedam od devet članova preživelo Holokaust. One čine izuzetnu kolekciju tragičnih i dramatičnih iskustava o jedinstvenom izboru - borbi za život, dostojanstvo i slobodu u partizanima; o koncentracionim logorima, o izbegličkom životu pod stalnom pretnjom, o pomoći i prijateljstvima. One su i dobra podloga za istraživanje Holokausta i istorije Jevreja sa tla bivše Jugoslavije. Svako svedočenje je obogaćeno nizom fotografija i zajedno sa tekstom čine jedinstveni dokumentacioni materijal. Kako je stradanje Jevreja na tlu bivše Jugoslavije slabo poznato široj publici, ove knjige imaju zadatak da ispune taj prostor. One tako postaju spomenik za sve stradale čija se mnogobrojna imena nalaze samo u sećanjima.From the beginning, the editorial board had nine members, seven of whom survived the Holocaust. Editorial Board members are Aleksandar Gaon, Teodor Kovač, Eta Najfeld, Luci Petrović, Andreja Preger, Eva Timar, Eva Čavčić, Milinko Radević, and Branka Džidić.Cover: detail of the monument to the vanished Jewish communities, at the "Yad Vashem" Memorial Museum, Jerusalem
Divni svet: rođak Luis
Get PDF"Louis Armstrong, ili Satchmo, Satch ili Pops, kako su ga još zvali, bio je i do današnjih dana je ostao najveći jazz muzičar. Pod uslovom da vrhunska umetnost dopušta takva poređenja nama iz prizemlja. Da mi cenimo posebne, tvdeći da je taj najveći, onaj do njega i tako dalje. Iako sam toga svestan, opet bih se do praga svađe isterivao i preganjao da Louieu pripada mesto naročite figure u ukupnoj istoriji muzike. Karijera mu je trajala pet decenija. Ako bi ga jednom rečju trebalo predstaviti, najmanje bi se pogrešilo, kada bi se reklo da je bio ikona. Muzike, čitavog sveta, Amerike, svejedno. O Louisu/ Louiju se zna onoliko, a između svih tih hiljada detalja je donekle skriven taj da je na lančiću oko vrata nosio Davidovu zvezdu. Tu nešto ne štima, kazalo bi se kad se zna da se izjašnjavao kao baptista, a da je bio kršten u katoličkoj crkvi. Kako onda Magen David? Ovaj rad govori upravo o tome...""Louis Armstrong, or Satchmo, Satch or Pops, as he was also called, was and remains the greatest jazz musician to this day. Provided that high art allows such comparisons to us from the ground floor. Let us appreciate the special ones, claiming that this one is the greatest, the one next to it and so on. Although I am aware of this, I would still argue and chase Louie as a special figure in the overall history of music. His career spanned five decades. If we had to describe him in one word, it would be the least wrong to say that he was an icon. Music, the whole world, America, whatever. There is so much known about Louis, and among all those thousands of details, the fact that he wore a Star of David on a chain around his neck is somewhat hidden. Something is not right here when it is known that he declared himself a Baptist, but was baptized in a Catholic church. Why then Magen David? This paper is about that..."Ovaj rad nagrađen je nagradom "Otkup" na 67. nagradnom konkursu Saveza Jevrejskih opština Srbije za 2023. godinu (this work was awarded at the 67th award competition of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Serbia for 2023)
Subotica street of Eugen Moshe Verber
Get PDF„...Nema kraćeg a dugovečnijeg nekrologa od table sa nazivom ulice, na kojoj je napisano ime nekog od posebnih. Upućuju table da su ovi i ovi bili drugačji od nas i, eto baš su tu bili rođeni, na ponos varoši i njen su biser, ili su to opet imena i prezimena naročitih, koji su svojim dobrim delom zadužili dotično zaselak-selo-grad ili širu sredinu. Koji put čitav svet. Rešenja o davanju imena zaslužnih ljudi ulicama poveravaju se dobrim poznavaocima prilika. Zasednu, najčešće, jednom godišnje i odvagnu kome se valja zahvaliti. I kad se još širi krug zvaničnika saglasi s njihovim gledanjem, onda se zašrafljivanju tabli ljubazno zamole da dođu važni ljudi ili manje važni, kad i članovi familije uglednog, dakako pokojnog. Evo, recimo, moj primer ojačaću objašnjenjem da je osnovni razlog svemu što sam dosad naveo napisao zbog svog predloga da se nekoj od subotičkih ulica dodeli ime Eugena Moše Verbera. Da pređem na stvar. U Subotici se pre tačno sto godina rodio Eugen Moše Verber (1923-1995). Živeo je i u Novom Sadu, Sarajevu, Banjaluci, Nišu, čiji je znameniti građanin i u Beogradu. Možda još negde, ne znam...“ (autor).Eugen Moshe Verber (1923-1995) was born in Subotica and lived in Novi Sad, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Niš and Belgrade. He was an actor, historian, journalist, translator of Hebrew, Yiddish, Aramaic, Hungarian, Italian, Slovenian and German languages, expert on religion, journalist, writer, and professor of Hebrew. He was a member of the Association of Writers of Serbia, the Association of Literary Translators and the World Scientific Society for Jewish Studies. He taught Hebrew language and Jewish history. The Association of Literary Translators of Serbia awarded him the Miloš N. Đurić Award for the translation of the book "Qumran Manuscripts from the Caves near the Dead Sea". For half a century he worked in theatre, film, radio and TV. This story is about the attempt to have one of the streets named after him in his native Subotica
Theological language and the Holocaust
Get PDF"... U novije vrijeme jezik teologije postao je neizostavni dio političkog jezika. U tom iskorištavanju teološkog jezika kao političkog jezika se vidi koliki je potencijal političkog da sematski teološko pretvori u teološko nonsematsko ili imaginarno...
"Холокост и Православная церковь", презентация книги
No full textPrikaz knjige „Holokaust i Pravoslavna crkva” pruža uvid u istraživačke i naučno-saznajne domete ruske istoriografije, konkretno Mihaila V. Škarovskog, u okviru teme donekle marginalizovane od strane studija Holokausta i genocida. Pokušaj analitičkog sagledavanja stavova i delovanja svih pravoslavnih crkava prema pokušaju uništavanja jevrejskih zajednica Evrope od strane nacističke Nemačke omogućio je ne samo njihovo poređenje nego i izvlačenje opštih zaklјučaka o određenim pravilnostima u njihovom ponašanju. Istovremeno, dobili smo značajne uvide i u izuzetke u odnosu na pomenute pravilnosti, a koji se odnose na Rumunsku pravoslavnu crkvu.The review of the book "Holocaust and the Orthodox Church" provides an insight into the research and scientific-informative scope of Russian historiography, specifically by Mihail V. Shkarovsky, within a topic somewhat marginalized by Holocaust and genocide studies. The attempt to analyze the attitudes and actions of all Orthodox Churches towards the attempt to destroy the Jewish communities of Europe by Nazi Germany enabled not only their comparison but also the drawing of general conclusions about certain regularities in their behaviour. At the same time, we also gained significant insights into the exceptions to the aforementioned regularities, which relate to the Romanian Orthodox Church.Презентация книги "Холокост и Православная Церковь" знакомит слушателей с исследовательскими и научно-познавательными достижениями русской историографии, конкретно, др. Шкаровского М.В., в рамках темы исследования Холокоста и геноцида, которая в определенной мере вынесена за скобки. Попытка аналитического понимания подходов и действий всех православных Церквей к попыткам уничтожения еврейских сообществ в Европе нацистской Германией обеспечивает не только их сравнение, но и
получение общих выводов об определенной правильности их поведения. Одновременно, мы в значительной мере ознакомились с исключениями по отношению к вышеупомянутой правильнPrikaz knjige (book review): Михаил Шкаровский, "Холокост и Православная церковь", Москва, 2016
"Don't forget" or "Remember"
Get PDFJednočinka napisana i izvedena u logoru u Kralјevici, za Purim 1943. godine. Rukopis je sačuvala Elza Kapilof koja je učestvovala u izvođenju jednočinke u logoru. Od maja 1970. rukopis se čuva u Arhivu Jevrejskog istorijskog muzeja, u Beogradu.A one-act play written and performed in the camp in Kraljevica, for Purim in 1943. The manuscript was preserved by Elsa Kapiloff, who participated in the performance of the one-act play in the camp. Since May 1970, the manuscript has been kept in the Archives of the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade.Videti (see): Todorić, Gordana "'Ne zaboravi' - osamdeset godina kasnije" ("'Don't forget' - eighty years later"). Link: [https://jevrejskadigitalnabiblioteka.rs/handle/123456789/2699