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Od Topovskih šupa do koncentracionog logora Sajmište: kvantitativna analiza Holokausta u okupiranoj Srbiji
Get PDF“From Topovske šupe to Sajmište concentration camps: a quantitative analysis of the Holocaust in occupied Serbia” aims to cover the so far insufficiently researched topic of the internal structure of the losses suffered by the Jewish community from this territory through the numerical determination and quantitative analysis of the personal data of the civilian victims. In order to properly understand the extent of the perishing of the Jewish community in occupied Serbia, it is necessary to show them comparatively, that is, to observe them in comparison to the losses suffered by other peoples from the occupied territory.„Od Topovskih šupa do koncentracionog logora Sajmište: kvantitativna analiza Holokausta u okupiranoj Srbiji” ima za cilj da kroz numeričko utvrđivanje i kvantitativnu analizu ličnih podataka civilnih žrtava pokrije do sada nedovoljno istraženu temu unutrašnje strukture gubitaka koje je jevrejska zajednica pretrpela na ovoj teritoriji. Da bi se pravilno razumele razmere propadanja jevrejske zajednice u okupiranoj Srbiji, potrebno ih je uporedno prikazati, odnosno sagledati u poređenju sa gubicima koje su pretrpeli drugi narodi sa okupirane teritorije.Izdanje na srpskom jeziku pod naslovom “Od Topovskih šupa do Sajmišta: kvantitativna analiza Holokausta u okupiranoj Srbiji” može se preuzeti preko linka [https://jevrejskadigitalnabiblioteka.rs/handle/123456789/2348]Edition In translatione ; book 2The publishing of this book was supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Serbia, Telekom Srbija and the Genocide Victims Museum Foundation
Holocaust and theology
Get PDF"... Verujemo da je blagodareći prilozima ostvaren naum uredništva: ponuditi mapu, ocrtati orijentire i međaše „domaće“ teološke misli o Holokaustu i povodom Holokausta. Priloge nismo razdelili, još manje intervenisali u uratke priložnika, ni po nacionalnom ni po veroispovednom ni po ma kom 'spoljašnjem ključu'. Ali smo ipak detektovali dve tematske celine, svesni da se njihovi motivi prepliću i prožimaju. U nekim prilozima naglasak je na teorijskim perspektivama iz kojih se sagledava Holokaust, a druge se više staraju oko uvida u perspektive teologije s obzirom na iskustvo Holokausta...""... We believe that thanks to the contributions, the editor's intention was realized: to offer a map, to outline the landmarks and boundaries of "domestic" theological thoughts about the Holocaust and on the occasion of the Holocaust. We did not divide the contributions, much less intervene in the work of the contributors, neither by nationality, nor by religion, nor by any 'external key'. But we still detected two thematic entities, aware that their motives are interwoven and permeated. In some contributions, the emphasis is on the theoretical perspectives from which the Holocaust is seen, while others are more concerned with insight into the perspectives of theology in view of the experience of the Holocaust...
The city government in Osijek and the Holocaust
Get PDFRad analizira povezanost sustava lokalne samouprave s provedbom Holokausta. Ukazuje
se na termin časnih prava kao karakteristike koja se u zakonodavstvu Kraljevine
Jugoslavije koristila kao uvjet primitka u državljanstvo, dok je u Nezavisnoj Državi
Hrvatskoj pojam nečasne osobe postao pojmom kojim su se derogirala osnovna
ljudska prava Židova. Rad analizira formiranje sustava gradske vlasti u Osijeku
nakon okupacije pod silama Osovina, daje neke primjere odnosa gradskih i župskih
vlasti prema Židovima i njihovom vlasništva do i nakon istjerivanja u sabirni logor
na Tenjskoj cesti.The paper analyzes the relationship between the local government and the legal execution of the Holocaust in the city of Osijek. Firstly, the logic of this relationship emerged as a result of an imperfect state administrative system, whose functioning required the employment of local clerks to implement laws and orders in the state
domain. When the Independent State of Croatia began to nationalize Jewish assets and initiate the expulsion of Jews, these officials assumed a significant responsibility. The local government, with its authority precisely over the places where Jews lived, was ready to satisfy the political interests of Ustasha authorities. Secondly, not only did the local government respond to the state’s demands, but its officials also exercised their autonomy to implement much more than was required. To promote an anti-Semitic worldview, numerous city-promulgated ordinances were enforced to restrict freedom of movement, discriminate against, and disqualify Jews as members of society. To reinforce the notion of Jews as unwanted, and in coordination with the local Ustasha and members of the German ethnic group, the city authorities imposed contributions on the city’s Jewish community. The funds thus collected were incorporated into the city’s budget and allocated to reconstruct the city’s infrastructure. We may easily conclude that, in many cases, the local government in Osijek served as a precedent setter in the enforcement of anti-Semitic laws: commissioners in Jewish businesses and orders that made wearing the Star of David armband mandatory for Jews in mid-May 1941 were, in most places in occupied Europe, a rarity, etc. The process of nationalizing Jewish assets is tightly aligned with the implementation of genocide. When the local government had finalised Aryanization, the only thing left was to commit mass murder. Osijek’s Jews had been evicted from their homes from the latter half of 1941 to the first half of 1942, after which they were deported to Auschwitz and Jasenovac. More than 92% of Osijek’s Jewish Community perished in the Holocaust
Priča o dva transporta. Jevreji u Međimurju i Prekomurju tokom Holokausta
Get PDFZgodovina Judov Medžimurja in Prekmurja je mnogo več kot samo zgodba o dveh transportih, ki sta 2. in 21. maja 1944 pripeljala večino medžimurskih in prekmurskih Judov v smrt v Auschwitz. Ta zgodovina je najprej zgodba o prihodu maloštevilnih Judov v 18. stoletju, postopnem povečevanju njihovega števila in pomena v 19. stoletju ter slednjič razcveta v zadnjih desetletjih pred prvo svetovno vojno. Ta desetletja je nemara najlepše opisal dunajski Jud Stefan Zweig v svoji knjigi „Včerajšnji svet“. Del te zgodovine je tudi zgodba o postopnem upadanju njihovega števila in še vedno velikem pomenu v medvojnem obdobju. Del te zgodovine je tudi obdobje holokavsta, v katerem Judje niso trpeli in umirali samo v Auschwitzu in v katerem so le nekateri dobili priložnost, da preživijo. In slednjič je ta zgodovina tudi zgodba o zdesetkanih skupnostih po letu 1945 in njihovem skromnem obstoju do danes. A ne glede na vse napisano ostaja dejstvo: najhujše, kar se je zgodilo medžimurskim in prekmurskim Judom in je zato žal najpomembnejši dogodek judovske zgodovine teh dveh pokrajin, sta dva transporta maja 1944.The history of the Jews of Međimurje and Prekmurje is much more than just a story of two transports, which brought most of them to Auschwitz and their inevitable deaths, on 2 and 21 May 1944. This is above all a story of the arrival of a small number of Jews in the 18th century, a gradual increase in their number and standing in the 19th century, and lastly their period of prosperity in the decades leading up to World War I. These decades were perhaps best described in the book „The World of Yesterday“ by the Viennese Jew Stefan Zweig. A part of this history is also the story of a gradual decline in the Jews’ number, yet their continued importance in the interwar period. Another chapter is the Holocaust period, during which Jews suffered and perished in Auschwitz and elsewhere, with scant few receiving even a chance of survival. Last but not least, this history is also a story of the decimated Jewish communities in the post-1945 period and their modest existence until today. Whatever other ills there were, the fact remains that the worst thing to have happened to the Jews of Međimurje and Prekmurje were the two transports in May 1944, unfortunately making them the most important events in the Jewish history of these two regions.Istorija međimurskih i prekomurskih Jevreja je mnogo više od toga priča o dva transporta koja su 2. i 21. maja 1944. godine odvela većinu Jevreji iz Međimurja i Prekomurja na pogubljenje u Aušvic. Ova istorija je pre svega priča o dolasku malog broja Jevreja u 18. veku, postepenom povećanju njihovog broja i značaja u 19. veku i potonji procvat u poslednjim decenijama pred Prvi svetski rat. Ove decenije njihovog života možda je najbolje opisao bečki Jevrejin Stefan Cvajg u svojoj knjizi „Jučerašnji svet“. Deo ove istorije je i priča o njihovom postepenom brojčanom smanjenju, ali i dalje o njihovom velikom značaju u međuratnom periodu. Deo te istorije je takođe i period Holokausta, u kome Jevreji nisu patili i umirali samo u Aušvicu, i tokom kojeg su samo neki dobili šansu da prežive. I na kraju, ova istorija je i priča o desetkovanim zajednicama posle 1945. godine i njihovo skromno postojanje do danas. Ali bez obzira na sve napisano ostaje činjenica: ono najgore što se dogodilo Jevrejima u Međimurju i Prekomurju je nažalost najvažniji događaj u jevrejskoj istoriji dve pokrajine, opisane kroz dva transporta u maju 1944. godine.Tekst uporedo na slovenačkom i engleskom jeziku (parallel text in Slovenian and English)
A discourse on man as a divine experiment on the subject of artificial intelligence (a modern reading of Maimonides and a Maimonidean reading of the Torah)
No full text"... Po savremenom majmonidijanskom poimanju Tore, čovjek je dakle vještačka inteligencija kojoj je Bog ponudio da se stalnim djelovanje ostvaruje, usavršava i do-stvara, na beskonačnom putu imitiranja Boga. To ostvarenje se dešava kroz umjetnost vjernog djelovanja u skladu sa istinom. Ukratko, čovjek je uređaj za vjeru, možda još preciznije: instrument za djelatno, praktično, bogopoznanje"."... According to the modern Maimonidean understanding of the Torah, man is an artificial intelligence to whom God has offered to constantly act, perfect and achieve, on the endless path of imitating God. That realization happens through the art of faithful action following the truth. In short, man is an instrument for faith, perhaps even more precisely: an instrument for active, practical, knowledge of God"
Jews in Bjelovar: from settlement to the Holocaust
No full text"Pišući Povijest Bjelovara prije desetak godina, postao sam svjestan koliku je važnost bjelovarska židovska zajednica imala za Bjelovar u razdoblju od njihova doseljavanja u grad 1870‑ih godina do početka Drugog svjetskog rata i koliko je ta povijest historiografski neistražena. Poznati povjesničar Heinrich Graetz (1817.-1891.) napisao je na njemačkom jeziku tada klasičnu židovsku povijest (Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart, Leipzig, 1853.- 1875.) nazvavši je „poviješću patnje i poviješću učenja”. Povijest bjelovarskih Židova u spomenutom razdoblju nije bila ni jedno ni drugo, ali „patnja” se iznenada vratila u strašnom obliku 1941. godine u rasizmom, mržnjom i nacifašizmom preplavljenoj Europi. Pisanje ove knjige bilo je znatno otežano zbog nedostataka primarnih povijesnih izvora - većina bjelovarske židovske zajednice stradala je u Holokaustu, dokumenti i arhivi te zajednice uništeni su ili nestali, a svjedoka vremena otprije Drugog svjetskog rata gotovo više i nema. Istraživačka metodologija je stoga obuhvaćala različite sačuvane fragmentarne izvore - pri čemu su izuzetno važne bile bjelovarske novine koje su počele izlaziti od 1890. godine (Tjednik bjelovarsko-križevački) pa zatim i ostale koje su izlazile do 1942. godine. Ova knjiga nastoji progovoriti o životu, djelovanju i stradanjima pripadnika bjelovarske židovske zajednice, koji su bili važan dio društvenoga, kulturnoga i gospodarskoga, posebno trgovačkoga i industrijskog života grada Bjelovara od doseljavanja u grad 1870-ih godina do njihovog nestanka u Holokaustu tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Razvojačenjem Varaždinskog generalata 1871. godine, čije je sjedište bilo upravo u Bjelovaru, ovo područje postaje dio Banske Hrvatske pa je i Židova u Bjelovaru od tada bilo sve više. Židovska bogoštovna općina u Bjelovaru osnovana je 23. veljače 1877. godine, a njezin prvi predsjednik i jedan od dvanaestorice njezinih utemeljitelja bio je poznati bjelovarski knjižar i tiskar Jacob Fleischmann koji će tu dužnost obnašati do smrti 1902. godine. Od tada počinje sve jače doseljavanje Židova u Bjelovar i okolicu te oni s vremenom zahvaljujući svojoj poslovnoj umješnosti i s time povezanom kapitalu postaju nezaobilazan faktor razvoja grada. Bjelovarski Židovi su većinom bili trgovci i industrijalci, a u Zagrebačkoj ulici bile su smještene trgovine uglednih bjelovarskih Židova. Oni su nesumnjivo, po svom položaju u raznim strukturama života, od gradskih vlasti do mnogih društava i poslovnih organizacija, bili značajan dio bjelovarske gradske elite. Bili su, također, i vlasnici nekih poznatih bjelovarskih industrijskih tvrtki, a neki predstavnici židovske zajednice zauzimaju istaknuta mjesta u bjelovarskim društvenim i poslovnim udruženjima.Željko Karaula’s book is an exceptional testimony to the fate of the Jews of Bjelovar. Based on original archival material, press sources, and relevant literature, it is the first work to tell the story of the Jews from their settlement in Bjelovar at the end of the 18th century to their tragic fate during World War II. In addition, it provides a thorough history of their contributions to the city's cultural and economic life over the ages, with a focus on their suffering during the Holocaust, for the first time. Until now, there has been no systematic scholarly research on this topic, which is what makes this book both original and important.Rječnik hebrejskih i judaističkih termina: str. [321]-323
The Holocaust in the memoirs of Grigorije Gliša Babović (1886-1961)
Get PDFRad predstavlјa pokušaj da se ukaže na značaj dva dela memoarskog karaktera - "Dnevnik 1941-1945" (2005) i "Letopis Šapca 1933-1944" (2010) - Grigorija Gliše Babovića (1886-1961) za proučavanje Holokausta na prostoru nemačkog okupacionog područja u Srbiji, sa posebnim osvrtom na genocid koji je tokom Drugog svetskog rata počinjen nad šabačkim i Jevrejima emigrantima pripadnicima Kladovskog transporta. U radu će se ukazati na značaj koji je Babovićevo delo imalo na formulisanje naučnog diskursa o Holokaustu u srpskoj i jugoslovenskoj istoriografiji. Posebno će se skrenuti pažnja na izvorni značaj Babovićevog dela za proučavanje određenih faza u sprovođenju Holokausta u okupiranoj Srbiji.Most memories of the Holocaust, or the crimes committed against the Jewish people who lived or found themselves on the territories that became part of the German occupation zone in Serbia in April 1941, were ‘recorded’ in the years after the end of World War II. Except for the well-known four letters of Belgrade Jew Hilda Dajč, written from December 7th, 1941 to early February 1942 in the Jewish concentration camp in Zemun, there are no other published writings by Holocaust victims or survivors in the German occupation zone in Serbia during World War II. Due to the lack of ‘first-hand’ historical sources, special attention should be given to the rare testimonies of contemporaries from the German occupation zone in Serbia dating from World War II. These include two manuscripts by the Serbian Orthodox Church priest (and post-war children’s writer) Grigorije Gliša Babović: "Diary 1941-1945" (2005) and the "Šabac Chronicle 1933-1944" (2010). Babović’s legacy had an exceptional impact and significance in shaping the historiographical narrative of the Holocaust carried out during World War II over Šabac Jews and emigrants from the Kladovo Transport. Babović’s memoir recognizes all phases of the Holocaust implementation in the territory of the German occupation zone in Serbia: the registration, census, confiscation of property, marking, forced labor, dismissal from jobs, and internment in concentration camps, which was followed by mass executions. Babović was a deeply contemplative and ethical observer, not only of the chronology of the events but also of all the actors of the Holocaust
Kartice sa emocijama Holokausta: prezentacija projekta
Get PDFTaczyńska Katarzyna, Pałubicka Kamila, „Holocaust Emotion Cards: Project Presentation”, Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne 24. Poznań 2023. Wydawnictwo “Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne”, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, pp. 337-353. ISSN 2084-3011. The purpose of this article is to present the project “Holocaust Emotion Cards”, which was created as part of the course “Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Holocaust Memory”, run by Western Galilee College. In the first part of the presentation, we will present the assumptions and concepts of the project, as well as the process of creating the cards. In the second part, we will discuss the cards themselves and the way to use them in educational work.Taczyńska Katarzyna, Pałubicka Kamila, „Holocaust Emotion Cards: Project Presentation”, Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne 24. Poznań 2023. Wydawnictwo “Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne”, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, pp. 337-353. ISSN 2084-3011. Svrha ovog članka je predstavljanje projekta „Kartice sa emocijama Holokausta“, koji je nastao u okviru kursa „Inovacija i preduzetništvo za pamćenje Holokausta“, koji vodi Western Galilee College. U prvom delu prezentacije predstavićemo pretpostavke i koncepte projekta, kao i proces izrade kartica. U drugom delu govorićemo o samim karticama i načinu njihovog korišćenja u vaspitno-obrazovnom radu
Crimes of the Independent State of Croatia in the Bihać region during the spring, summer and autumn of 1941
Get PDFNekoliko dana od početka invazije na Jugoslaviju, osniva se Nezavisna Država Hrvatska. Klјučna osoba u stvaranju organa vlasti NDH u Bosanskoj Krajini je Viktor Gutić. Polovinom juna u Bihać, kao veliki župan Velike župe Krbava i Psat, dolazi Ljubomir Kvaternik, organizator i predvodnik zločina nad srpskim i jevrejskim živlјem. U radu su kroz vremensku liniju prikazani svi zločini počinjeni nad Srbima i malobrojnim Jevrejima: oduzimanje zemlјe i imovine dobrovolјcima, konfiskacije radnji trgovaca i zanatlija, hapšenja i zatvaranja, plјačkanje imovine i ucenjivanje imućnih žitelјa, pokatoličavanje, rad Prijekog suda za Veliku župu, organizovano i sistematsko iselјavanje srpskog i jevrejskog živlјa Bihaća, uništavanje verskih spomenika Srba i Jevreja, hapšenja vojnosposobnog stanovništva u naselјima u okolini Bihaća, masovna strelјanja u Bihaćkom polјu (Garavice, Ulјevite bare, Ceravci) kao i zločini na velikom broju drugih stratišta. Nakon početka oružanog otpora nastaju odmazde nad civilnim živlјem. Zločini u bihaćkom kraju bili su organizovani ranije, masovnije i surovije u odnosu na druge delove NDH, jer je Bihać bio središte velike oblasti većinski naselјene Srbima.A few days after the invasion of Yugoslavia, the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) was founded. The key person in the creation of the NDH authorities in Bosnian Krajina is Viktor Gutić. In mid-June, Ljubomir Kvaternik, the organizer and leader of crimes against Serbs and Jews, comes to Bihać as the Grand Prefect of Krbava and Psat. The work presents a timeline of all the crimes committed against Serbs and a small number of Jews: confiscation of land and property from volunteers, confiscation of merchants' and artisans' shops, arrests and imprisonment, looting of property and blackmailing of wealthy residents, conversion to Catholicism, the work of the Special Court for Velika župa, organized and the systematic emigration of the Serbian and Jewish population of Bihać, the destruction of religious monuments of Serbs and Jews, the arrest of the military-capable population in the settlements around Bihać, mass shootings in the Bihać field (Garavice, Uljevite bare, Ceravci) as well as crimes at a large number of other execution sites. After the beginning of the armed resistance, there are reprisals against civilian life. Crimes in the Bihać region were organized earlier, more massively and cruelly than in other parts of the NDH because Bihać was the center of a large area mostly inhabited by Serbs
Pelene sam sušila na prsima
Get PDFIn five books, "We Survived: Yugoslav Jews on the Holocaust" (three of them translated into English), the testimonies of a small number of surviving members of the Jewish community about World War II were collected. The peculiarity of the circumstances in which the entire population of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was found is reflected in the fact that at the beginning of the war, the country was occupied by five invaders: Germany, Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Albania and the fascist satellite formation, the so-called. The Independent State of Croatia. These circumstances also led to different ways of surviving and rescuing Jews from these areas. The Jewish Historical Museum of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Yugoslavia / Serbia published these books with the help of donations and volunteer work of the editorial board in which seven of nine members survived the Holocaust. These books are an extraordinary collection of tragic and dramatic experiences about unique choices - the struggle for life, dignity, and freedom in partisans; about concentration camps, about refugee life under constant threat, about help and friendships. They are also a good basis for exploring the Holocaust and the history of Jews from the former Yugoslavia. Each testimony is enriched with a series of photographs and together with the text, they make unique documentation material. As the suffering of Jews on the territory of the former Yugoslavia is poorly known to the general public, these books have the task of filling that space. They thus become a memorial for all the victims whose many names are found only in memory. One of those memories is "I dried diapers on my breasts" by Regina Kamhi