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Resistance to totalitarianism: can it make a difference? 80 years since Operation Valkyrie
Full text link„Jedino što je potrebno za trijumf zla je da dobri ljudi ne reagiraju. Najveća pogreška je ne činiti ništa.” Zaključak što ga je britanski parlamentarac i filozof konzervativizma Edmund Burke (1729-1797) izvukao iz iskustva s terorom tijekom Francuske Revolucije, ni danas nije izgubio važnost: miroljubivi duhovi, koji duboko preziru oružje, a vjeruju u svemoć diplomacije, zagovaraju nenasilje i omogućavaju zlu da trijumfira. Korektni, pametni, i plemeniti suvremenici ne žele žrtvovati svoju „aureolu“ korektnosti i zaziru od svake intervencije kad bi nalikovala na „nasilje“. U burnim razdobljima povijesti treba žrtvovati svoj imidž i riskirati gubitak glasa svetosti. To je spoznao i Edward Burns. Svjesna da se mi na pragu ove nove godine nalazimo pred zadatkom sučeljavati se sa nasiljem i zlim silama, zapitala sam se je li realno zlo - tiranin, represivni sustav – stvarno u stanju kvariti ljude nad kojima zlo vlada. Utječu li nepravde i represije na ljudski karakter i pretvaraju li bezazlena „malenog čovjeka“ u zlikovca? Što može biti toliko moćno da inače pravedan čovjek ne vidi pred sobom drugačije rješenje nego „zaurlati s vukovima“?„The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. Nobody made a greater mistake than he who did nothing.” The conclusion that the British parliamentarian and philosopher of conservatism Edmund Burke (1729-1797) drew from his experience with terror during the French Revolution has not lost its relevance even today: pacifists, who deeply despise weapons and believe in the omnipotence of diplomacy, advocate non-violence and enable evil to triumph. Righteous, smart, and noble contemporaries do not want to sacrifice their “halo” of righteousness and shy away from any intervention if it resembles “violence”. In stormy periods of history, one must sacrifice one’s image and risk losing one’s voice of sanctity. Edward Burns also realized this. Aware that on the threshold of this new year, we are faced with the task of confronting violence and evil forces, I asked myself whether real evil – a tyrant, a repressive system – is capable of corrupting people. Do injustices and repressions affect human character and do they turn the innocent “little man” into a villain? What can be so powerful that an otherwise righteous man sees no other solution than “howling with the wolves”
Trauma kroz generacije: Holokaust, kultura i psihoanaliza
No full textTransgenerational transmission of trauma is a concept that underscores the unconscious impact of catastrophic events on the psychological well-being and lives of subsequent generations. Catastrophic traumas - such as the Holocaust and other genocides, political repression, and wars - can traverse time and re-emerge generations later as they are determined by complex societal and unconscious dynamics that govern our development within interpersonal and social/cultural spheres. Culture can be understood as a coating, a protective layer that makes us feel safe and at home, among familiar, our own kind, to which we can reach out looking for help in times of crisis and trauma. Cultural processes transform catastrophic events into a narrative, history, myths, rituals; if there is a breach in this transformative process, trauma stays in the unconscious and is transmitted through the generations. Becoming a taboo that cannot be narrated, a breach in the fabric of culture and continuity, it will turn into an omen and destiny for the generations to come.Tema broja: "Holokaust: nove perspektive, nova saznanja, novi izazovi" (topic of the issue: "Holocaust: new perspectives, new knowledge, new challenges")
Integrated history of the Holocaust: idea, methodology and opportunities
No full textČlanak za cilј ima dublјe upoznavanje sa integrisanom istorijom Holokausta, kao novim metodološkim pristupom. S obzirom da ovaj metodološki okvir prevazilazi jednu od osnovnih slabosti koje je istoriografija Holokausta iskazala u decenijama nakon Drugog svetskog rata, do danas se smatra jednim od najizbalansiranijih metodoloških okvira u sferi istraživanja genocida i Holokausta. U tom smislu, u članku se razmatraju osnovni postulati ovog metodološkog pristupa, koristeći pre svega objavlјene radove Saula Fridlendera, ali i različite prikaze, rasprave i kritike poznatih svetskih istoričara, koji su posvećeni upravo ovom pristupu. Tako članak predstavlјa samu ideju, metodologiju, značaj, ali i nove mogućnosti ovog načina istraživanja. Osnovna namena teksta jeste da domaću stručnu javnost dublјe upozna sa najodrživijim pristupom izučavanju Holokausta, ali i da domaće autore podstakne na nova i dublјa promišlјanja samog fenomena.This academic article aims to provide an in-depth introduction to the integrated history of the Holocaust as a new methodological approach to the study of history. This methodological framework overcomes one of the fundamental weaknesses of Holocaust historiography after the Second World War and is now considered one of the most balanced methodological frameworks in the study of genocide during the Second World War. The text discusses the basic postulates of this methodological framework, based primarily on the published works of Saul Friedländer but also on various scientific reviews, discussions, and critiques by prominent world historians who have written about this approach. The article is organised to explain the idea, the methodology, the significance, but also the new possibilities of this research method. The main purpose of this text is to familiarise the domestic professional community with the most sustainable approach to Holocaust research but also to encourage domestic authors to have new and deeper reflections on the phenomenon itself.Tema broja: "Holokaust: nove perspektive, nova saznanja, novi izazovi" (topic of the issue: "Holocaust: new perspectives, new knowledge, new challenges")
On the trail of confessional restitution: memory of the confiscated property of the Jewish community of Zrenjanin and its associations, a way to preserve from oblivion those who are no longer there, who suffered during the Holocaust, from 6 April 1941. until May 9, 1945, in Petrovgrad: stories about the Jews of the Middle Banat
No full textPostupak vraćanja oduzete imovine crkvama i verskim zajednicama je bilo prvo zakonodavno regulisanje ove materije, donošenjem Zakona o vraćanju (restituciji) imovine crkvama i verskim zajednicama koji se primenjivao od 1.10.2006. godine, s tim da je rok za podnošenje zahteva za vraćanje bio 30.9.2008. godine, a da je stranka, odnosno pravno lice za podnošenje zahteva za vraćanje oduzete imovine u postupku crkva, odnosno verska zajednica, ili njen pravni sledbenik. Sećanje na oduzetu imovinu Jevrejske opštine Zrenjanin i njenih društava, način da se sačuvaju od zaborava oni kojih više nema, stradali za vreme Holokausta, od 6.4.1941. do 9.5.1945, u Petrovgradu. Ovo je priče o Jevrejima Srednjeg Banata.The procedure for returning confiscated property to churches and religious communities was the first legislative regulation of this matter, with the adoption of the Law on the Return (Restitution) of Property to Churches and Religious Communities, which was applied from October 1, 2006. year, with the fact that the deadline for submitting a return request was September 30, 2008. year, and that the party, i.e., the legal entity for submitting a request for the return of confiscated property in the procedure, is a church, i.e., a religious community, or its legal successor. Remembrance of the confiscated property of the Jewish community of Zrenjanin and its associations, a way to preserve from oblivion those who are no longer there, who suffered during the Holocaust, from 6 April 1941. until May 9, 1945, in Petrovgrad. This is a story about the Jews of the Middle Banat.Dokumenti / Jevrejska opština, Zrenjanin ;
A jumble of solved tasks from life and poetics
No full textKnjiga "Zbrka rješenih zadataka iz života i poetike" Eliezera Pape donosi jedinstven spoj autobiografskih elemenata, književne analize i promišljanja o identitetu. Autor kroz niz "rješenih zadataka" prepliće vlastito životno iskustvo s književnim motivima, stvarajući dinamičan dijalog između lične biografije i poetike. Tekst se oslanja na bogatu tradiciju sefardske i savremene književnosti, istovremeno otvarajući univerzalna pitanja o jeziku, sećanju i stvaralačkom procesu. Ova knjiga predstavlja značajan doprinos književnoj esejistici, nudeći čitaocu duboko promišljen, ali istovremeno duhovit i pronicljiv pogled na umetnost pisanja i življenje književnosti.The book "A jumble of solved tasks from life and poetics" by Eliezer Papo presents a unique blend of autobiographical elements, literary analysis, and reflections on identity. Through a series of "solved problems," the author intertwines his personal experiences with literary motifs, creating a dynamic dialogue between biography and poetics. The text draws on the rich tradition of Sephardic and contemporary literature while addressing universal questions of language, memory, and the creative process. This book contributes significantly to literary essays, offering readers a profoundly thoughtful yet humorous and insightful perspective on the art of writing and living literature.Biblioteka "Agora" ; knj. 171
A witness against his era: "Semper idem" by Đorđe Lebović
No full textRad se bavi testamentarnim delom Đorđa Lebovića, romanom-hronikom "Semper idem". Uz pozivanje na prethodna dela autora - povratnika iz nacističkih logora, izlažu se sličnosti i razlike u pristupu jedinstvenoj tematskoj građi. Predmet razmatranja jesu pitanja svedočenja, potrebe za pisanjem, trenuci u kojima se potreba javlja i forma kojoj autor pribegava. Istaknuti su primeri pomoću kojih autor uočava uzročno-posledične veze u događajima nadomak druge polovine XX veka; ali i značaj detinjstva u formativnim godinima preklopljenim sa nacističkim usponom. Preispitivanjem (ne)moći književnosti u susretu sa literarizacijom Holokausta, u komparativnom pregledu situira se vrednost romana kao sredstva koje potpomaže očuvanje autentičnih priča žrtava Holokausta.The paper deals with the testamentary work of Đorđe Lebović, the novel-chronicle "Semper idem". Concerning the previous works of the author - a returnee from the Nazi camps - the similarities and differences in the approach to the unique thematic material are presented. The subjects of consideration are the issues of testimony, the need for writing, the moments in which the need arises, and the form the author resorts to. Examples are highlighted by which the author observes cause-and-effect relationships in the events of the second half of the 20th century, but also the importance of childhood in the formative years overlapped with the rise of the Nazis. By questioning the (un)power of literature in the encounter with the literaryization of the Holocaust, the value of the novel as a tool that supports the preservation of the authentic stories of the Holocaust victims is situated in a comparative review.Biblioteka Posebna izdanja
My home: a memorial album to my families, the Jewish community and the city of Sarajevo
Full text link“Ovaj digitalni spomen album posvećen je mojoj porodici, jevrejskoj zajednici grada Sarajeva, a pre svega to je ALBUM KOGA SAM NAPRAVIO ZA MOJU DJECU. Nastao je 2020. godine u vreme Corone. Ideja mi je pala na pamet sasvim slučajno u razgovoru sa mojim prijateljom Yashom Bararon iz Beča. Potreba da stvorim nešto, vizualno, umjetnički album koji će budućim generacijama moje porodice i dece omogućiti da znaju od koga potiču i od kojeg su porijekla. U njegovom kreiranju puno su mi pomogle i dale svoje radove moje kćeri Ornat Dana i Vered i naš sin Dado, koji je i na slici i sa savjetom. Sve je rađeno telefonom i digitalno dok nije stvoren konačni album u štampariji Kibbutz Beeri”."This digital memorial album is dedicated to my family, the Jewish community of Sarajevo city, and above all, it is the ALBUM I MADE FOR MY CHILDREN. It was created in 2020 at the time of the Corona. The idea came through a conversation with my friend Yasha Bararon from Vienna. I need to create something, visually, an art album that will allow future generations of my family and children to know where they come from. My daughters Ornat Dana and Vered and our son Dado, who is in the picture and who with advice, helped me a lot in creating it. Everything was done by phone and digitally until the final album was created in the printing house of Kibbutz Beeri"
Fictionalisation of the Holocaust in novels by Jerzy Kosinski, Jane Yolen and D. M. Thomas
No full textDoktorska disertacija “Fikcionalizacija Holokausta u romanima Jeržija Kozinskog, Džejn Jolen i D. M. Tomasa” ispituje načine na koje jevrejski i nejevrejski pisci fikcionalizuju istorijski događaj bez presedana u istoriji dvadesetog veka - Holokaust. Jedan od ciljeva zbog kojih se autorka odlučila za ovu temu jeste očuvanje kulture sećanja na tragediju koja je zadesila kako jevrejski tako i srpski narod na području cele okupirane Kraljevine Jugoslavije u periodu od 1941. do 1945. godine, naročito na teritoriji samoproglašene Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (NDH) na kojoj je počinjen genocid nad jevrejskim, srpskim i romskim narodima. Analizirajući najnovija i kanonska ostvarenja iz podžanrova “književnost Holokausta”, koju pišu preživeli, i “književnosti o Holokaustu”, koju pišu svi ostali, ukazuje se i na mogućnost pedagoškog korišćenja odabranih romana pošto je vremenska distanca od događaja sve veća a sećanje se prenosi na nove mlade generacije usmerene na tehnologiju (iz Predgovora).The doctoral dissertation titled “Fictionalisation of the Holocaust in novels by Jerzy Kosinski, Jane Yolen, and D. M. Thomas” examines the ways in which Jewish and non-Jewish writers fictionalise an unprecedented historical event in the XX century - the Holocaust. One of the reasons why the authoress chose this theme was to cherish the memory of the tragedy that happened to both Jewish and Serbian people in the territory of the whole occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the Second World War, 1941-1945, especially in the territory of the self-proclaimedIndependent State of Croatia (NDH), where genocides were committed against the Jews, Serbs, and Romas. Analysing recent and canonical works from the literary subgenres “literature of the Holocaust,” written by survivors, and “literature about the Holocaust,” written by the next generation and all the others, the possibilities of the pedagogical use of the chosen novels are pointed out, which is important because of the time distance from the very event and transfer of memory to the new young technology-native generations (from the Preface).Knjiga nastala na onsovu istoimene doktorske disertacije odbranjene 2022. godine na Filološko-umetničkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Kragujevcu (the book is based on the doctoral dissertation of the same name, defended in 2022 at the Faculty of philology and arts, University of Kragujevac)Edicija Varia; knj. 6
(Mis)use of the term genocide
No full textSilne polemike se vode oko značenja riječi genocid. Čerčil ga je okarakterizirao kao „zločin bez imena“, opisujući monstruozne zločine koje su počinili nacisti, kako „obični“ ljudi, tako i vođstvo partije, tokom Drugog svjetskog rata. Tom zločinu ime je 1944. dao Rafael Lemkin, skovavši termin genocid, spojivši grčku riječ γένος (narod) i latinski glagol "caedo" (ubiti). Kasnije su Ujedinjene nacije 1948. godine donijele Konvenciju o sprječavanju i kažnjavanju zločina genocida kojom je genocid dobio pravni status, a koji je kasnije potvrđen i Rimskim statutom Međunarodnog krivičnog suda. Ovaj rad obrađuje temu problematizacije pojma genocid definiranog u međunarodnom pravu, što on zapravo obuhvata, odnosno ne obuhvata. Neka od pitanja koja će biti obrađena u radu su: Što je to zapravo genocid? Kako razlikujemo genocid od ostalih masovnih zločina? Postoji li uopće definicija genocida koja ga precizno definira i čini ga unikatnim? Koristeći se prvenstveno komparativnom, ali i pravnom analizom, zaključuje se da je trenutna definicija genocida, koja ima pravni legitimitet, podložna raznim tumačenjima, koja su ponekad u praksi dovela do njene zloupotrebe.Strong polemics are being waged over the meaning of the word genocide. Churchill characterized it as a "crime without a name", describing the monstrous crimes committed by the Nazis, both "ordinary" people and the party leadership, during the Second World War. Rafael Lemkin gave that crime its name in 1944, using the term genocide, combining the Greek word γένος (people) and the Latin verb "caedo" (to kill). Later, in 1948, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which gave genocide legal status and which was later confirmed by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. This paper deals with the problematization of the concept of genocide as defined in international law, what it includes and does not include. Some of the questions that will be addressed in the paper are: What is genocide? How do we distinguish genocide from other mass crimes? Is there even a definition of genocide that precisely defines it and makes it unique? Using primarily comparative but also legal analysis, it is concluded that the current definition of genocide, which has legal legitimacy, is subject to various interpretations, which have sometimes led to its abuse in practice.Biblioteka Posebna izdanja
The Voice of B’nai B’rith "Gavro Schwartz": Magazine of Jewish Culture, Civilization and History, no. 33, January 2024
Full text linkOvaj broj Glasnika posvećen je ratu u Izraelu, očuvanju židovskog identiteta, tradicije, aktivnostima židovske općine Osijek, mjesecu židovske kulture, aktivnostima ženske sekcije Židovske općine Zagreb i drugim židovskim temama. Uvažena povjesničarka prof. Zlata Živaković-Kerže i dopredsjednica Židovske općine Osijek Biljana Majnik ex Papo donose tekstove o hrvatskim Židovima značajnima za razvoj kulture, industrije - ali i naših općina.This issue of Glasnik is dedicated to the war in Israel, the preservation of Jewish identity, and traditions, the activities of the Jewish Community of Osijek, the month of Jewish culture, the activities of the women's section of the Jewish Community of Zagreb and other Jewish topics. Prof. Zlata Živaković-Kerže and vice president of the Jewish community of Osijek Biljana Majnik ex Papo wrote texts about Croatian Jews important for the development of culture, and industry - but also of our communities.Tema broja: Tragovima značajnih Židova (the theme of this issue: Traces of important Jewish individuals).Časopis "Glasnik B'nai B'rith", Hrvatska dostupan je na Internet stranici [https://www.bnaibrith.hr]The Magazine "The Voice of B’nai B’rith", Croatia is available on the website [https://www.bnaibrith.hr