Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Institutional Repository
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Cahiliyenin Döngüselliği: Kabile, Kadın ve Köle
No full textCahiliye toplumunu muhatap alan Kur’an yirmi üç yılda nâzil olmuştur. Mezkûr zaman diliminde Hz. Peygamber (s), insanlara tebliğde bulunmuş ve sahabe neslinin yetişmesini sağlamıştır. İnanç, örf ve âdet bakımından toplumun cahiliyeden İslâm’a geçişi sürece yayılmıştır. Buna mukabil Resûlullah, cahiliyeyi her zaman geri gelebilecek toplumsal veya bireysel olgu olarak kabul ederek ashâbını dikkatli olmaları hususunda uyarmıştır. Bu geriye gidişler sosyal nizamın temelinde yer alan kabile, kadın ve köle üzerinden okunabilir. Nitekim Hz. Muhammed’in (s) vefatından sonra katı kabilecilik anlayışından kaynaklı ridde hadiseleri vuku bulmuştur. Aynı şekilde tarih boyunca kavmiyetçilik, özelde İslâm ümmetinin genelde ise insanlığın problemi olmuştur. İslâm, anneliğe kutsiyet atfederek cahiliye âdeti olarak kadınlığa yönelik olumsuz algıyı da hüküm olarak ortadan kaldırmıştır. Ancak süreç içerisinde kız çocuklarına ve hanımlara bakışta eskiye dönüşler meydana gelmiştir. Hz. Peygamber zamanında köleci toplumdan köleli topluma geçiş yaşanmış; onların azat edilmek suretiyle süreç içerisinde en azından istisnai bir sosyal statü olması hedeflenmiştir. Bu makalede İslâm öncesi Arap toplumunda kabile, kadın ve köleliğin Hz. Peygamber (s) zamanında geçirdiği değişim merkeze alınarak modern döneme kadar adı geçen üç ögedeki geriye gidişler panoramik biçimde ele alınacaktır.</jats:p
The relationship between media exposure and mental health in children following Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Turkey
No full textWe aimed to explore the relationship between media exposure to the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes and its impact on children's mental health difficulties.This cross-sectional study was conducted with 409 parents between March and July 2023. Parents were invited to participate in an online survey through social media platforms. The data was collected using the 'Descriptive Characteristics Form', the 'Media Exposure Form Related to the Earthquake', and the 'Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire'.The results indicated that exposure to images of earthquake-related events on the first day after the earthquake (p < 0.001), people rescued alive from the rubble on television (p < 0.001), earthquake victims staying on the streets/in tents on television (p = 0.006), and earthquake-related events while alone on the Internet (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with the impact of children's mental difficulties. Furthermore, exposure to images of people pulled deceased from the rubble (p < 0.001), exposure to images of demolished houses on the Internet (p = 0.007), and exposure to images of destroyed roads on the Internet (p = 0.01) were found to significantly predict the impact of children's mental difficulties (r2 = 0.29; p < 0.001).This study has shown that children who are exposed to screen media may experience difficulties in coping mentally, leading to emotional and behavioral problems.Children who have experienced natural disasters may be exposed to distressing images on screen, which can lead to difficulties and stress. To reduce the risk of mental health problems related to disasters, nurses may suggest that victims limit their exposure to television footage
BİST Ticaret Endeksinde Bulunan Firmaların Finansal Başarısızlıklarının Altman Modelleri ile Tahmini
No full textEdward I. Altman 1968 yılında firmaların finansal başarısızlıklarını tahmin etmek için Z Skor modelini geliştirmiştir. 1983 yılında Altman Z- Score modelinin halka açık olmayan firmalar içinde uygulanabilirliğini sağlamak üzere Z Skor modelinde değişiklik yaparak, Z^' Skor modelini geliştirmiştir. 1993 yılında Altman Z^'- Score modelini geliştirerek halka açık olan ve olmayan firmalar açısından uygulanabilir olması için Z^'' Skor modelini geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Edward I. Altman tarafından geliştirilen Z^' ve Z^'' modellerini kullanarak, BIST Ticaret Endeksinde bulunan firmalar üzerine bir uygulama yapmaktır. Ayrıca literatür kapsamında yapılan incelemede Altmana ait modellerin birlikte kullanılarak modeller arası değerlendirilme yapılmadığından çalışmanın diğer çalışmalardan ayrışacağı düşünülmektedir. Uygulama kapsamında endekste yer alan firmaların 2017 – 2022 yılları arasındaki sahip oldukları finansal oranlar ilgili yılların mali tablolarından alınarak gerekli hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmada endekste yer alan 23 firmadan 17 firmanın verisine ulaşılmış olup uygulama ilgili firmalar üzerine gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulamada elde edilen değerler Altman Skor modellerinde yer alan katsayılar ile çarpılarak her bir firmanın yıllara ait Skor değerleri elde edilmiş ve finansal başarısızlıkları tahmin edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, endekste bulunan 17 firmadan Z^'- Score modeline göre 3 firmanın iflas etme riskinin yüksek olduğu, Z^'' modelinde ise 17 firmadan 7 firmanın iflas etme riskinin yüksek olduğu tahmin edilmiştir.</jats:p
Evaluation of Zero Waste Project in Istanbul District Municipalities in Terms of Ecological City Design
No full textSon on yılda küresel kentleşme önemli artış göstermektedir. 2025 yılına kadar Dünya nüfusunun %68’inin şehirlerde yaşayacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu durum, mega kentlerin çevresel etkilerini azaltmak için çevre yönetimi stratejilerini uygulanmasını gerektirmektedir. Sürdürülebilir kent planlaması, kentsel alanların ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel açıdan dengeli bir şekilde geliştirilmesi ve yönetilmesidir. Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri (SKH), yerel yönetimlerin bu hedefleri benimsemesi ve uygulamasıyla gerçekleşebilir. Hedeflerin başarısı, yerel yönetimlerin bu hedefleri yerel ihtiyaçlara uyarlayarak toplulukların sürdürülebilir kalkınma çabalarına katkıda bulunmasıyla sağlanır. Bu çalışmada 2017 yılında Türkiye'de başlatılan "Sıfır Atık Projesi" çerçevesinde İstanbul ilçe belediyelerinin 2023 yılı atık toplama verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler, 39 ilçe belediyesinin yıllık faaliyet raporlarından toplanmış ve çeşitli atık türleri açısından analiz edilmiştir. Türkiye'de 2022 yılında toplam 109 milyon ton geri dönüştürülebilir atık oluşmuştur. Atıkların %86’sı atık işleme tesislerine gönderilmiştir. Belediyeler tarafından toplam 303 milyon ton atık toplanmıştır. Geri dönüşüm oranı 2017'de %13 iken, 2022'de %30’a yükselmiştir. İstanbul’da atık yönetimi ve geri kazanım süreçlerinde pandemi krizi, tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişmesi ve atık bertaraf tesislerinin sayısının artması gibi nedenlerle dalgalanmalar görülmektedir. Proje sayesinde İstanbul ilçe belediyelerinde atık yönetiminde önemli iyileştirmeler sağlanmış ve Sıfır Atık Projesi'nin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından olumlu etkiler yarattığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada, atıkların çevresel sürdürülebilirlik çerçevesinde etkin yönetilmesi ve Sıfır Atık Projesi'nin genişletilmesi gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır.</jats:p
Seasonal Changes in Body Composition in Elite Male Handball Players
No full textHaving knowledge of an athlete's body composition values enables individuals to assess their physical condition and performance. It has become increasingly important in recent years to demonstrate the significant relationship between body composition and athletes' physical performance. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in body composition of elite male handball players during preparation and competition periods (42 weeks). Twenty-three elite male handball players volunteered for this study The Tanita brand body analysis device was used to evaluate body composition and eight measurements were taken. Athletes were divided according to their playing positions (playmakers n=8 and goalkeepers n=4, wings n=7 and pivots n=4). 7 measurements were evaluated, which were weight (W), body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), muscle mass (MM), total body water (TBW), body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). Wing players had lower body fat percentage and body fat mass than all other playing positions and regardless of position, all athletes' body fat percentage and body fat mass significantly decreased at T2 (p&lt;0.05). As a result, increase in body fat percentage and fat mass was observed during the competition period, and this increase continued (p&lt;0.05). The increase in fat mass during the competition period may be due to different training content and higher training intensity during the preparation period, changes in nutrition habits due to camps, long trips, and tournaments, as well as the ef-fects of fatigue and stress. Further studies are needed in these areas.</jats:p
Evaluation of design-based STEM activities developed by science teachers during distance education
No full textThis study aimed to examine science teachers’ views on distance STEM learning and how they evaluate design-based STEM activities they designed and implemented themselves in accordance with the engineering design process. Conducted using qualitative research methods, this study employed a case study design. The participants of the study consisted of 6 science teachers who were doing the Master’s in science education at a public university in the Western Black Sea region, Türkiye, in the 2020/21 academic year. The courses were conducted online for one semester. This study employed case study design. The participants of the study consisted of 6 science teachers. Courses were conducted remotely online for one semester. An open-ended opinion form, observation notes, and activity sheets were used as data collection tools. The data were analysed using content analysis method. Despite the fact that the participants appeared to have found some situations positive, including saving time and space, having the chance to watch the lesson again, easy access to documents, and avoiding health risks, they also found some other aspects negative such as being unable to do group work and having little interaction.</jats:p
İbn Haldun'un Toplum, Devlet ve Tarih Anlayışı
No full textIbn Khaldun, who lived in the Middle Ages and is one of the most important names of the age and geography in which he lived, constitutes a rare name who thinks on the social and political field in the Islamic world. Ibn Khaldun has a unique place in the history of thought with his original thoughts on society, state, history, economy and city. It is also important in terms of being the first user of many social concepts by developing its own unique perspective. Among these concepts, we call civilization today, Ibn Khaldun, on the other hand, examined the transitions that took place in social life by focusing on social life with the concept corresponding to "umran". The existence of umran in a place is possible for a number of reasons, such as the establishment of cities and towns in that place and the carrying out of social, economic, political and scientific activities. When these reasons disappear, the umran is doomed to disappear and the city/town to become devastated or ruined. In addition to the fact that the concept of society occupies an important place in Ibn Khaldun, the subject of the ‘science of umran', which he uses as completely unique to himself, is to live in state of society that he sees as necessary for humans. Ibn Khaldun, the first thinker to make society the subject of a new and independent science, saw society as a natural phenomenon subject to laws. He has tried to explain the change occurring in society on the basis of social realities. In this context, he examined social life in two categories for the first time: Bedouin and Hadarî. The Bedouin society is a society that deals with farming and animal husbandry, consumes foodstuffs with little change in their natural state, and has access only to essential subsistence items. The Hadarî society, on the other hand, is urban and town dwellers who have reached a certain level of prosperity, have access to luxury necessities, and live a settled life. Ibn Khaldun thinks that luxury, waste and ostentatious spending, which started in the rich classes in the societies with increasing prosperity, spread to the whole society through this class and led to the destruction of the society economically, politically and socially. According to Ibn Khaldun, humans, who form the basis of society, have some unique characteristics that distinguish them from other living creatures. These; ability to do science and art, the needs an influential manager, the effort to make a living and the umran. Ibn Khaldun who developed by his thoughts on the historical, economic, cultural and political phenomena in which he was involved, discussed historical events with a critical approach and within the framework of causality and stated that history also has a law. By giving the events in a certain regularity, he drew attention to the fact that there is also a law of history. Ibn Khaldun, who considers the state as a mandatory element for human nature, by developing an organismic understanding of the state, he drew attention to the fact that states have a life span just like people. The lifespan of the state and dynasty does not exceed three generations, and the lifespan of each generation is 40 years on average. Bedouin characteristics are preserved in the first generation. During this period, asabiyyah is strong and the people submit to the state. In the second generation, the state develops from scarcity to abundance, but asabiyyah begins to fade. In the third generation, Bedouinism is forgotten over time and asabiyyah disappears completely. By the fourth generation, they disappear. Ibn Khaldun examines the political system under two headings. These are politics based on reason and religion. Politics based on reason is politics outside the caliphate and based on power. This system is established with rules created later. Politics based on religion is the administration of the people according to religious provisions. A caliphate in which religious provisions are valid is deemed necessary for the good in both worlds. Again, he examined the origins of the state through asabiyyah, which is also a concept unique to Ibn Khaldun, and developed his political theory thereupon. Asabiyya expresses the feeling that will mobilize all members of the society with the spirit of unity and solidarity against the enemies. Asabiyyah is a form of behavior, and this form of behavior corresponds to collectivity. Thanks to Asabiyyah, a tribal branch or family unites other branches of the same tribe around itself and thus increases its power. However, as passes from the Bedouin society to the Hadarî society, asabiyyah decreases.
THE EFFECT OF DISCOURSE-LEVEL CUES ON RC ATTACHMENT PREFERENCE IN L2 ENGLISH: IMPLICIT CAUSALITY IN VERBS
No full textExamining implicit causality and relative clause attachment ambiguity in bilingual participants, this study investigates whether adult second language (L2) English speakers share sensitivity with native speakers to implicit causality (IC) information during online resolution of relative clause attachment ambiguity. L1 Turkish/L2 English speakers and English natives participated in offline sentence completion and online self-paced reading tasks. Results revealed that L1 English speakers preferred high attachment in IC conditions and low attachment in non-IC conditions. In contrast, L2 speakers showed a preference for high attachment in both conditions, suggesting that L2 sentence processing relies more on lexical than syntactic information.</jats:p
MAINTENANCE LOW-DOSE CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ITP: SINGLE CENTER RESULTS
No full textObjective: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired, autoimmune disease affecting 2 to 4 individuals per 100,000 annually. ITP is characterized by an isolated platelet count of 75% of adult patients respond to corticosteroids, only 20-30% remain in continuous remission after cessation.'' Methodology: We have 114 registered patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in our clinic over the past 5 years. Among these patients, a subgroup of 45 who received high-dose corticosteroid treatment as first-line therapy, responded to corticosteroids, but subsequently experienced loss of response, was identified as corticosteroid-sensitive. This group was selected for follow-up with maintenance low-dose steroid (LDS) therapy for 1 year. Patients were treated with 4 mg of methylprednisolone for 4 days per month and followed up for 12 months. Among our patients, 18 achieved response with platelet levels >30 × 10 3 / μ L without signs of bleeding (see Table 1), while in 27 patients, additional corticosteroid doses were added or second-line treatment modalities such as splenectomy or eltrombopag were initiated due to platelet levels dropping below 30 × 10 3 / μ L ''Results: Conclusion: The goal of treatment in a patient with ITP is not only to normalize platelet counts but also to achieve a level of platelets that can prevent clinically significant bleeding. Based on this premise, we have demonstrated that maintenance corticosteroid therapy at an acceptable cumulative dose can reliably maintain platelet levels within a safe range. We believe that this should be further supported by larger multicenter studies.'
