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    REVISITING PURCHASING POWER PARITY IN EMERGING-7 COUNTRIES: A POWERFUL UNIT ROOT TEST

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    This paper introduces a newly developed unit root test procedure named the Fourier Quantile AESTAR (FAESTAR-QKS) test that allows nonlinearity and structural changes. The FAESTAR-QKS unit root test is mainly based on the quantile approach and provides more powerful results since it is robust toward non-normal errors. Then, we test the Purchasing Power Parity hypothesis (PPP) [or the mean-reverting properties of real exchange rates] in emerging seven (E7) countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey) from 1995:1 to 2023:6 by using a novel FAESTAR-QKS test procedure. The results show that the FAESTAR-QKS unit root test provides more evidence on the validity of PPP than the traditional unit root test. Accordingly, the PPP hypothesis is valid in all E7 countries except for Turkey in the long run.</jats:p

    Abstract PO3-23-03: Radar reflectors for marking of target lymph nodes in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer – a subgroup analysis of the prospective AXSANA (EUBREAST-03) trial

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    Abstract Background: Surgical staging procedures of the axilla in breast cancer patients converting from a clinically positive (cN+) to a clinically negative (ycN0) lymph node status during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) vary across countries and within individual countries. The international prospective AXSANA (EUBREAST-03) study aims at comparatively evaluating long-term outcomes of different staging procedures such as axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), target lymph node biopsy (TLNB) and targeted axillary dissection (TAD). The comparison of marking techniques for the target lymph node (TLN) is a secondary endpoint. In this subgroup analysis, we report on the largest yet prospective cohort of patients receiving a radar reflector for marking of the TLN prior to NACT. Methods: The AXSANA study is an international prospective cohort study including cN+ patients converting to ycN0 status and treated with different axillary staging techniques according to the standard at their treating institution. The study was initiated by the EUBREAST network and started enrollment in August 2020. Eligible patients have cT1-4c tumors, initially present with axillary lymph node metastasis and receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients converting to ycN0 status are followed up for 5 years irrespectively of the ypN status. In the present subgroup analysis, only patients with a TLN marked by a radar reflector were included. We prospectively examined the retrieval rate of radar reflectors and the identification rate of the TLN (defined as unequivocal removal of the lymph node, i.e., the presence of lymphatic tissue in the TLN specimen and/or pathological confirmation of post-NACT changes typical for metastatic lymph nodes responding to treatment). Results: A TLN was marked using a radar reflector in 74 patients prior to NACT. The median age was 52 years (range: 32-77). The most common subtype was no special type in 68 (92%) patients and invasive lobular cancer in 7 (7%) patients. Most patients (n = 44, 59%) had one suspicious node at time of diagnosis, followed by two (n = 15, 20%), three (n = 10, 14%) or ≥ four suspicious nodes (n = 5, 5%). Only one TLN was marked in 73 (99%) patients and two nodes were marked in one patient (1%). Fifteen patients (20%) had a MRI between marker placement and surgery. In 4 out of 15 cases (27%), MRI artifacts were described. However, the assessment of MRI was limited due to artifacts only in one out of these four patients (25%). Out of the 74 patients with radar reflector marked TLN, 45 (61%) had undergone final surgery at the time of analysis and 29 (39%) are still under NACT. 36 out of 45 patients (80%) who received final surgery converted to ycN0. Most patients had undergone a TAD (n = 41, 91%), followed by TLNB in 7% (n = 3) and upfront ALND in 2% of cases (n = 1). All radar reflectors were successfully removed. In 44 out of 45 patients (98%) the TLN was unequivocally identified and removed. In one patient the tissue specimen containing radar reflector consisted of fat tissue and no lymphatic tissue was identifiable, so it remains unclear whether the TLN was excised, or the reflector might have dislocated. 29 patients (65%) had converted to ypN0 status. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the largest prospective series of patients receiving a radar reflector for the marking of TLN prior to NACT for breast cancer. The removal rate of the marker and the detection rate of the target node were very high. Our data demonstrate that radar reflectors are a reliable tool for marking of target lymph nodes before neoadjuvant treatment. Citation Format: Maggie Banys-Paluchowski, Steffi Hartmann, Jana de Boniface, Oreste Davide Gentilini, Timo Basali, Elmar Stickeler, Michael Untch, Franziska Ruf, Sarah Fröhlich, Marc Thill, Michael P. Lux, Florentia Peintinger, Guldeniz Karadeniz Cakmak, Isabel Rubio, Michalis Kontos, Rosa Di Micco, Dawid Murawa, Ellen Schlichting, Bilge Aktas Sezen, Achim Rody, Dagmar Langanke, Nana Bündgen, Jose Ignacio Sanchez-Mendez, Renu Buss-Steidle, Christine Mau, Nana Buchmann, Sabine Riemer, Marit Helene Hansen, Nina Ditsch, Thorsten Kühn. Radar reflectors for marking of target lymph nodes in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer – a subgroup analysis of the prospective AXSANA (EUBREAST-03) trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-23-03.</jats:p

    Acute effects of swimming goggle wearing on intraocular pressure, anterior chamber biometrics, and optic nerve head morphology

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    Swimming goggles (SG) are widely used in water sports, and this study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of wearing SG on intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber biometrics, axial length (AL), and optic nerve head (ONH) morphology. Twenty-eight healthy young adults participated in this cross-sectional study, with assessed parameters including IOP, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), AL, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the ONH, specifically Bruch membrane opening (BMO), Bruch membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), lamina cribrosa depth (LCD), and prelaminar tissue (PLT). Measurements were taken at four time points: before wearing SG, at the 1st and 10th minutes of wearing, and immediately after removal. The results showed a significant increase in IOP at the 1st and 10th minutes of SG wear compared to pre-wear and post-removal values. Additionally, decreases in CCT, ACD, and ACA, along with an increase in AL, were observed while wearing SG. However, these changes reverted to baseline after the goggles were removed. No significant alterations were detected in ONH parameters during the study. The findings suggest that wearing SG induces an acute rise in IOP and changes in anterior segment parameters, likely due to oculopression, but does not appear to affect ONH morphology in the short term. Further studies are needed to investigate any potential long-term effects

    Yedi Yıl Savaşlarında Rus Ordusu (1756-1763)

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    Yedi Yıl Savaşları Prusya Kralı II. Frederick’in saldırgan politikasından ve İngiltere ile Fransa’nın sömürge topraklarındaki çekişmelerinden ortaya çıkan uzun soluklu bir savaştır. Rusya bu savaşa Doğu Prusya topraklarını alabilmek ve Baltık kıyılarını ele geçirebilmek adına Prusya karşıtı olan tarafta Avusturya ve Fransa’nın yanında dâhil olmuştur. Savaşta Rusya, Doğu Prusya’yı ve Baltık kıyılarını ele geçirmiştir. Müttefikler arasında yaşanan görüş ayrılıkları Prusya’nın kesin olarak yenilmesine ve savaştan çekilmesine engel olmuştur. Fransa ve Avusturya Rusya’nın büyük kazanımlar elde edip güçlenmesini istemediler. Çariçe Yelizaveta döneminde tüm imkânlarını savaş için seferber eden ve epeyce başarı yakalayan Rusya, Çariçenin ölümü sonrasında tahta çıkan Prusya hayranı III. Petro’nun, II. Frederick ile imzaladığı barış antlaşmasıyla savaştan çekilmiş ve yapılan barış antlaşmasıyla da savaşta elde ettiği tüm kazanımlarından vazgeçmiştir.</jats:p

    Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenthood: A Qualitative Study Examining Nurses’ Perspectives

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    ABSTRACTObjectiveIt is a well‐established fact that the utilization of health services by pregnant adolescents is associated with the views and care provided by nurses. This study, aiming to reveal the perspectives of nurses working in a state hospital in Turkey on adolescent pregnancies and parenthood, contributes valuable insights for designing interventions to improve adolescent pregnancy outcomes.DesignThis research was carried out using the “individual in‐depth interview” data collection technique as a phenomenological study, which is one of the qualitative research methods.SampleThe study included 15 health professionals who met the criteria to participate. The data were analyzed in six stages using a thematic approach.ResultsIt emerged in relation to the feelings of the adolescent; the situations encountered, the factors affecting the awareness of being an adolescent pregnant and a parent, the difficulties encountered in care, social pressure, and touching the adolescent's life.ConclusionsIt was observed that nurses and midwives had mixed feelings towards adolescent pregnant women and parents and reflected these feelings in their caregiving styles.</jats:sec

    Minimal İnvaziv Protetik Tedavilerde CAD-CAM Kullanımı: İki Olgu Sunumu

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    Sert dokularda meydana gelen çürük, aşınma, kırık gibi koronal kayıpların amalgam ya da kompozit rezinler ile direkt restoratif tedavisi her zaman mümkün olmayabilir. Endodontik tedavi sonrası kron harabiyetinin arttığı dişlerin protetik rehabilitasyonunda, direkt ve indirekt restorasyonlar dahil olmak üzere farklı konvansiyonel tedavi yöntemleri uygulanabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda inley, onley, overlay ya da endokron gibi indirekt tedavi yaklaşımları kaybedilen dokunun yerine konması ile birlikte kalan diş dokusunun korunmasında da başarılı bir yaklaşım olarak gösterilir. Endokron, kor yapısı ve kron restorasyonunu bünyesinde birleştiren, pulpa odasından tutuculuk sağlayarak (makroretansiyon), adeziv simantasyon ile yeterli stabiliteyi elde eden (mikroretansiyon) monoblok restorasyonlardır. Overlay ise desteksiz aksiyel duvarlara sahip ve her iki marjinal kenarın bulunmadığı büyük boyutlardaki sınıf II kavitelerde endike olan, tüm diş kasplarını içeren restorasyonlardır. Bu olgu raporunda molar dişinde aşırı madde kaybı bulunan iki farklı hastanın adeziv olarak simante edilen ve kalan diş yapısını koruyan yaklaşımlardan endokron ve overlay restorasyonlar ile tedavisi anlatılmaktadır. Bu restorasyonlar Bilgisayar destekli tasarım-bilgisayar destekli üretim (CAD-CAM) sistemi ile üretilmiştir. CAD-CAM teknolojisinin kullanımı ile konvansiyonel tekniklerde oluşabilecek hatalara bağlı uyumsuzlukların önüne geçilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Restorasyonlar CAD-CAM tekniği ile monolitik olarak üretilen ve kolay düzenlenebilmesi, yeniden cilalanabilmesi, iyi aşınma direncine sahip olması, cam seramiklere kıyasla antagonist dişte daha az aşınmaya sebep olması, laboratuvar prosedürlerinin kısa olması avantajları nedeniyle nanohibrit yapıda hibrit seramik bir materyal olan Cerasmart ile hazırlanmıştır.</jats:p

    Corrosion Behaviour of Al/(TiB2 + -Al3Ti)-Based Functional Grade Metal Matrix Composite by Sedimentation Method

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    The current study examined the producibility and corrosion behaviour of functionally graded Alm/Al3Ti and TiB2 composites by sedimentation method. For this aim, the Al-Ti-B master alloy melted at 800 ℃ in the crucible and kept for 90 min to ensure the sedimentation of Al3Ti and TiB2 particles. In the samples taken from different sections of the crucible via a top-down approach, it was observed that the sedimentation method is rather suitable for obtaining of FGM composite. In the Rietveld analyses conducted across the sections for the refinement of crystal structures, it was determined that the amount of particles increased from top to bottom. Corrosion tests performed in different NaCl concentrations showed that the particle fraction did not have a direct effect on the corrosion resistance of the layers. Also, the highest corrosion resistance was obtained in the D layer without particle reinforcement, corrosion resistance decreased with particle reinforcement. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)

    Hatay ve Kahramanmaraş Merkezli Meydana Gelen Depremler Sonrasında Dış Ortam Hava Kalitesinde PM10 ve SO2 Düzeyleri ve Değişimleri

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    Hava kirliliği, Kükürt dioksit, Partikül Madde, Azot oksitler, Karbonmonoksit, Ozon ve Hidrokarbonlar gibi havayı kirletici maddelerin atmosferde limit değerlerin üzerinde bulunması olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu kirletici parametreler, nüfusun hızla artması, ısınma ve enerji ihtiyacı için fosil yakıtların kullanılması, sanayinin ve endüstrileşmenin plansız yapılması, volkanik hareketler ve doğal felaketler neticesinde dış ortam havasında yüksek miktarlarda bulunabilmektedir. Bu havayı kirletici parametrelerin soluduğumuz havada yüksek miktarda bulunması insan ve diğer canlıların sağlıklı yaşamalarını engelleyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş ve Hatay merkezli iki büyük depremin neden olduğu büyük yıkım ve bu yıkıma bağlı olarak yıkılan binaların ve diğer yapıların enkazlarının kaldırılması çalışmaları sırasında dış ortam havasındaki değişiklikler incelenmiştir. Kahramanmaraş Onikişubat hava kalitesi ölçüm istasyonundaki PM10 verilerindeki yükselmelerin enkaz kaldırma çalışmalarında çok fazla sayıda iş makinesi kullanımı ve fosil yakıt kullanan araç trafiğinin deprem nedeniyle artması kaynaklı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler Çevre Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığının Ulusal Hava Kalite İzleme Ağı’ndan alınmıştır.</jats:p

    GEŞEM İSABEYLİ’NİN ŞİİR DÜNYASI

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    Geşem İsabeyli, bağımsızlık dönemi Azerbaycan edebiyatının, özellikle çocuk edebiyatının parlak isimlerindendir. Bu dönemde edebiyata adım atan yazarlardan olan Geşem İsabeyli, ilk eserlerinde kendi üslubuyla dikkat çekmektedir. Halk edebiyatından yararlanan şairin eserlerinde, Batı edebiyatının da etkisi duyulmaktadır. İlk kitabıyla ün kazanan Geşem İsabeyli, günümüz Azerbaycan edebiyatının önemli temsilcilerindendir. Geşem İsabeyli, kendine has üslubu, özgün, özlü, esnek, mizahi dili ile Azerbaycan çocuk edebiyatında öne çıkmaktadır. Akıcı lirik şiirleri, küçük çocukların yanı sıra gençlere de hitap eden mükemmel sanat örnekleridir. Eserlerinin neredeyse hepsini çocuklara adayan şair, şiirlerin yanı sıra masallar da yazarak çocukların sevgili yazarına dönüşmüştür. Geşem İsabeyli’nin eserlerinde gerçekçi bir hayat görüşü, manevi ve ahlaki eğitim, hümanist duygular ve insanlık esastır. Her zaman ifade tarzına ve sanatsal sözün tonuna önem veren İsabeyli’nin irili ufaklı tüm eserlerinin değeri tam da bundadır. Karmaşık ifadelerden uzak durmaya çalışan ve daha çok gerçek hayatın gerçeklerini yazmaya yönelen şair, şiirlerinde genç okurlara doğdukları toprakları sevmelerini, onu göz bebeği gibi korumalarını öğütler. Çalışkan, her türlü zorluğa göğüs geren, onurlu, açık fikirli, daima hak ve adalet arzusuyla yaşayan insanlarının hayatını yazan şair, zamanın akışını şiirsel dizelere aktarmayı başarmıştır. Makalede şairin ilk şiirlerinden günümüz şiirlerine kadar olan dönem araştırılmakta, şiirler analiz edilmektedir.</jats:p

    Impact of magnesium on intraperitoneal adhesion in an experimental rat model

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    Intraperitoneal adhesions are fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs in the abdominal cavity, which can result from the body's healing process after surgery, leading to pain, bowel obstruction, and infertility in severe cases. Magnesium (Mg), known for its anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties, has been hypothesized to influence adhesion formation.This study is designed to explore the hypothesized benefits of Mg, known for its anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties, on the prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions that commonly occur following abdominal surgeries. It seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of Mg's potential role in mitigating adhesion formation, aiming to contribute valuable insights into postoperative recovery processes and outcomes.We employed an experimental model of intestinal abrasion in male Wistar rats. The rats were categorized into control and treatment groups, with the latter receiving varying doses of Mg sulfate. Intraperitoneal adhesions were induced using a multi-abrasion model.Based on both the Evans model and histopathological evaluations, it was observed that there were significant differences in adhesion scores between the groups. Magnesium-treated groups showed significantly fewer adhesions than the control group. Histopathological analyses indicated variations in adhesion characteristics and inflammatory responses among the groups.Preliminary results indicated the potential role of Mg in mitigating postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions. These findings suggest the need for further research to confirm the efficacy of Mg and to explore its mechanisms of action in clinical settings

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