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Autonomous Underwater Pipe Damage Detection Positioning and Pipe Line Tracking Experiment with Unmanned Underwater Vehicle
No full textUnderwater natural gas pipelines constitute critical infrastructure for energy transportation. Any damage or leakage in these pipelines poses serious security risks, directly threatening marine and lake ecosystems and potentially causing operational issues and economic losses in the energy supply chain. Due to the difficulty in detecting deterioration over time and regularly inspecting these submerged pipelines by divers, the use of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) becomes crucial in this field. In this study, an underwater pipeline tracking experiment was carried out by providing autonomous features to a remote-controlled unmanned underwater vehicle. During the tracking of the underwater pipeline, damages were identified, and the locations of these damages were determined. The navigation information of the underwater vehicle, including orientation in the x, y, z axes (roll, pitch, yaw) from a gyroscope integrated with magnetic compass, speed and position information in the three axes from an accelerometer, and the distance to the water surface from a pressure sensor, was integrated into the vehicle. Pre-tests determined the necessary pulse width modulation values for the thrusters of the vehicle, enabling autonomous operation by providing these values as input to the thruster motors. In this study, the vehicle moves in 3D was achived by the vertical thruster of the vehicle was activated to maintain a specific depth, and applying equal force to the vehicle’s right and left thrusters forward movement, while differential force induced deviation angles. In pool experiments, the unmanned underwater vehicle autonomously tracked the pipeline as intended, identifying damages on the pipeline using images captured by the vehicle&#039;s camera. The images for damage assessment were processed using a convolution neural network (CNN) algorithm, which is a deep learning method. The position of the damage relative to the vehicle was estimated from the pixel dimensions of the identified damage. The location of the damage relative to its starting point was obtained by combining these two positional pieces of information from the vehicle&#039;s navigation system. The all study was performed within the Python environment.</jats:p
ULUSLARARASI SENDİKAL ÖRGÜTLERİN TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET EŞİTLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMLARI: SONUÇLAR, ETKİLER VE ÖNERİLER
No full textThe objective of this study is to categorise the approaches of international trade union organisations with regard to gender equality policies. This study considers the inequalities faced by women in the labour market and the difficulties encountered in union participation processes. It also examines the policies developed by international trade union organisations to address these issues. In the study, the reports, social media content and websites of organisations such as the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and the Global Union Federations (GUFs) were subjected to analysis. The methodology employed was a literature review and content analysis, which were used to classify the approaches of international trade union organisations to gender equality under three main headings: confrontational, corrective and utilitarian. The findings indicate that the majority of trade union organisations develop corrective policies within the existing system, although confrontational approaches to gender equality remain limited. Consequently, it was determined that international trade union organisations have made progress in their gender equality policies, but that these policies are primarily aimed at correcting, rather than transforming, the existing capitalist order. This classification aims to provide an in-depth understanding of trade union organisations' approaches to gender equality.Bu çalışma, uluslararası sendikal örgütlerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikalarını analiz ederek, bu örgütlerin yaklaşımlarını sınıflandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada kadınların işgücü piyasasında karşılaştığı eşitsizlikler ve sendikal katılım süreçlerindeki zorluklar göz önünde bulundurularak, uluslararası sendikal örgütlerin bu sorunlara karşı geliştirdiği politikalar incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, ITUC (Uluslararası Sendikalar Konfederasyonu), WFTU (Dünya Sendikalar Federasyonu), ETUC (Avrupa Sendikalar Konfederasyonu) ve Küresel Sendika Federasyonları (GUF'lar) gibi örgütlerin raporları, sosyal medya içerikleri ve web siteleri temelinde içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Yöntem olarak literatür taraması ve içerik analizi kullanılmış, örgütlerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine yaklaşımları üç ana başlık altında sınıflandırılmıştır: çatışmacı, düzeltimci ve yararcı yaklaşımlar. Bulgular, çoğu sendikal örgütün mevcut sistem içerisinde düzeltici politikalar geliştirdiğini, ancak cinsiyet eşitliğine ilişkin çatışmacı yaklaşımların sınırlı kaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, uluslararası sendikal örgütlerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği politikalarında ilerleme kaydettiği, ancak bu politikaların genellikle mevcut kapitalist düzeni dönüştürmeye değil, düzeltmeye yönelik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sınıflandırma, sendikal örgütlerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği konusundaki yaklaşımlarına dair derinlemesine bir anlayış sunmayı amaçlamaktadır
The effect of craniocervical flexors endurance training on suprahyoid muscle activation in healthy adults: A randomised controlled trial
No full textAbstractBackgroundCervical posture affects swallowing function through contractile and non‐contractile structures. Craniocervical flexor endurance training (CCFET), which focuses on the activation of deep cervical muscles, is used to ensure cervical posture stability.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CCFET on the suprahyoid muscles (SH), which play an important role in swallowing function.MethodsEighty healthy individuals (52 female and 28 male, mean age 21.77 ± 1.81 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to groups that underwent either deep cervical flexor (DCF) training with a pressure biofeedback unit (CCFET group, n = 41) or no intervention (control group, n = 39). The intervention was applied for 4 weeks (five sessions per week). Static endurance and activation of DCF muscles (Craniocervical Flexion Test, CCFT), tragus–wall distance (TWD) for forward head posture and surface electromyographic (sEMG) activation of suprahyoid muscles were evaluated.ResultsThe endurance and activation of the DCF muscles were significantly increased in the CCFET group (p = <.001). In the CCFET group, TWD significantly lower than the control group (p = <.001) Peak SH amplitude and mean SH amplitude were lower in the CCFET group compared to the control group (p = .013, p = .003).ConclusionThe study shows that 4 weeks of CCFET reduced SH muscle activation, allowing the same work to be done with fewer motor units. CCFET can be included in rehabilitation programs as an additional method that has an effect on the muscles involved in swallowing by providing cervical motor control.</jats:sec
Altitude shapes gut microbiome composition accounting for diet, thyroid hormone levels, and host genetics in a subterranean blind mole rat
No full textAbstract The animal gut microbiome acts as a crucial link between the host and its environment, playing a vital role in digestion, metabolism, physiology, and fitness. Using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we investigated the effect of altitude on the microbiome composition of Anatolian Blind Mole Rats (Nannospalax xanthodon) across six locations and three altitudinal groups. We also factored in the host diet, as well as host microsatellite genotypes and thyroid hormone levels. The altitude had a major effect on microbiome composition, with notable differences in the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa across elevations. Contrary to prior research, we found no significant difference in strictly anaerobic bacteria abundance among altitudinal groups, though facultatively anaerobic bacteria were more prevalent at higher altitudes. Microbiome alpha diversity peaked at mid-altitude, comprising elements from both low and high elevations. The beta diversity showed significant association with the altitude. Altitude had a significant effect on the diet composition but not on its alpha diversity. No distinct altitude-related genetic structure was evident among the host populations, and no correlation was revealed between the host genetic relatedness and microbiome composition nor between the host microbiome and the diet. Free thyroxine (FT4) levels increased almost linearly with the altitude but none of the bacterial ASVs were found to be specifically associated with hormone levels. Total thyroxine (TT4) levels correlated positively with microbiome diversity. Although we detected correlation between certain components of the thyroid hormone levels and the microbiome beta diversity, the pattern of their relationship remains inconclusive.</p
BATI ANADOLU’DAKİ BAZI YAYGIN KÜÇÜK MEMELİ TÜRLERİNİN ORTOHANTAVİRÜS TAŞIYICILIĞI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
No full textHantaviridae ailesinin üyesi olan ortohantavirüsler, kemirici kaynaklı RNA virüsleridir. Enfekte kemiricilerin çıkartı ve sekresyonlarındaki viral partiküllerin aerosolizasyonu ve nadiren de enfekte kemiricilerle direkt temas yolu ile bulaşan ortohantavirüsler, Avrasya'da renal sendromlu kanamalı ateş ve epidemik nefropati olgularına, Amerika kıtasında ise hantavirüs kardiyopulmoner sendrom olgularına neden olabilen önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarıdır. Türkiye’de de enfeksiyonlara neden oldukları bildirilmiş ve küçük memelilerdeki varlıkları gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile renal sendromlu kanamalı ateş olgularının bildirildiği bazı Batı Anadolu illerinde dolaşımda olan ortohantavirüslerin ve olası konak türlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında yedi farklı lokaliteden yakalanan 49 adet küçük memeliye ait serum ve akciğer dokusu örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Hem moleküler hem de serolojik yöntemler ile taranan örneklerde, Ortohantavirüs enfeksiyonuna yönelik bir pozitiflik saptanmamıştır. Bu durum, örneklem alanlarının zamansal, bölgesel ve iklimsel özelliklerinden kaynaklanmış olabilir. Batı Anadolu’daki küçük memelilerin Ortohantavirüs taşıyıcılıklarının değerlendirilmesi, bölgeden bildirilmiş vakalar olması nedeniyle önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın örneklemi sınırlı</jats:p
Effects of Fluoride Varnish on Roughness of Polyacid-Modified Composite Resins at Different Temperatures: An In Vitro Study
No full textAim: The purpose of this study is to determine how fluoride varnish materials applied to polyacid modified composite resins (PMCR) affect roughness at various temperatures. Materials and Methods: In total, 100 PMCR discs were manufactured for this in vitro study, and the hundred samples were randomly split into five groups of twenty samples each. The samples in four groups had their surfaces coated with fluoride varnish at varying temperatures (4ºC, 23ºC, 39ºC, and 55ºC), while the samples in the control group did not get this treatment. A heating device is used for fluoride varnish. A profilometer was used to measure the samples’ surface roughness values after application. The Kruskal–Wallis and Shapiro–Wilk tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: After comparing five groups with twenty samples apiece, it was found that 23ºC had the greatest average roughness value. For the fluoride varnish material cooked at various temperatures, there was no discernible statistical variation in the roughness values. Conclusion: The study’s results indicate that all groups’ surface roughness values following the application of fluoride varnish at varying temperatures were found to be clinically acceptable. </jats:sec
Clinical characteristics of atrial fibrillation in nonagenarian population and relationship with mortality
No full textThere is a considerable amount of literature available on well-known risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF); however, available data specifically focused on the ninth decade are scarce. The main objective of this study was to assess the demographic and clinical characteristics of AF and sinus rhythm in a nonagenarian population.All individuals aged >90 years who were admitted to the Cardiology outpatient clinic between April 2018 and January 2019 were enrolled in the study. The demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients were recorded. All deaths that occurred during the two-year follow-up period were recorded.In total, 112 nonagenarian individuals were included in the study. Of these patients, 50 (44.6%) had AF. The groups showed similarities in demographic and clinical characteristics. During a mean follow-up period of 596±44 days, 39 patients (78%) in the AF group and 35 patients (56.5%) in the sinus group died. Patients with AF showed a lower overall survival distribution than those with sinus rhythm (P=0.005, log-rank test χ2=7.734). AF was associated with an increased risk of mortality (P=0.002, hazard ratio [HR] =2.104, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.326-3.339) in multivariate Cox regression analysis, while waist circumference and total cholesterol (P=0.003, HR=0.969, 95% CI=0.949-0.989 and P=0.046, HR=0.993, 95% CI=0.986-1.000, respectively) showed a decreased risk of mortality.Atrial fibrillation is very common in individuals over the age of 90 years (44.6%). Well-known risk factors do not appear to be effective in this age group, and AF is associated with a 2.1-fold increase in the risk of mortality
An in vitro evaluation of the removed dentin thickness of different retreatment systems using with and without solvent in the danger zone of mandibular molar teeth
No full textEvaluation of the relationship between self-care agency and quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus during COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThis study aims to explore the relationship between self-care agency and quality of life among adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) during the pandemic.The study was conducted with 186 adolescents aged 13-16 who have T1DM and attended a pediatric endocrinology clinic at a Training and Research Hospital in the capital city of Turkey between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022. Data from 118 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria and fully completed the survey were used in the analysis. Data were collected using the 'Participant Information Form', 'Self-Care Agency Scale', and 'Kiddo-KINDL Quality of Life Scale'.The study found that adolescents with higher self-care agency reported significantly better quality of life. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between self-care agency and adherence to pandemic measures, dietary adjustments, hygiene practices, diabetes management challenges, family communication, sleep duration, dietary patterns, and exercise difficulties (p < 0.05).During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was evident that the self-care agency and quality of life of adolescents with T1DM were impacted, with those possessing higher self-care agency experiencing better and more meaningful quality of life.T1DM affects all aspects of life, and quality of life is considered a critical outcome of diabetes care. It is essential for adolescents to adhere to practices such as regular nutrition, physical activity, blood sugar monitoring, and appropriate insulin intake to achieve optimal glycemic levels and the best possible quality of life. Adolescents should be trained on these issues by pediatric nurses
Okul Öncesi Eğitim Kurumlarındaki Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sessizlik Düzeyleri
No full textBu araştırmada okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin örgütsel sessizlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tarama modelindeki bu araştırmanın örneklemini Mersin ili ve ilçelerinde bulunan kamu okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görevli 364 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri “Örgütsel Sessizlik Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama, t-Testi, ANOVA, kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin örgütsel sessizlik düzeylerinin “yüksek” olduğunu göstermektedir. Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin eğitim düzeyleri ve çalıştıkları okul türüne göre örgütsel sessizlik algılarında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Ancak okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin örgütsel sessizlik düzeyleri, yaş, mesleki kıdeme ve çalışılan okuldaki mesleki kıdeme göre örgütsel sessizliğin yönetici faktöründe anlamlı biçimde farklılıklar göstermektedir. Yaşı 30 ve daha altında yaş aralığına sahip olan öğretmenlerin sessizlik düzeyleri 41-50 yaşa arasındakilere göre daha yüksektir. Mesleki kıdemi, mesleki kıdemi 6-10 olanların sessizlik düzeyleri, kıdemi 16-20 yıl arasındakilerden anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Yine araştırmada çalışılan okuldaki kıdemi 1-5 yıl aralığında olan öğretmenlerin sessizlik düzeyleri, çalışılan okuldaki kıdemi 11-15 yıl olanlardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına dayanarak, okul yöneticilerinin okullarında daha demokratik bir yönetim anlayışı benimsemeleri önerilebilir.</jats:p