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    The Economic Contribution of Powder Metallurgy Industries, Associations, and Employment Opportunities

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    Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance of powder metallurgy in various countries, the types of jobs created, and the role of powder metallurgy associations around the world.</jats:p

    The convergence in ecological footprint intensity across ECOWAS countries: evidence from a novel approach

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    Ecological footprint intensity (EFI) reflects the amount of ecological footprint utilized to generate onedollar of GDP per capita. Analyzing EFI convergence among countries unveils the efficiency ofecological footprint usage while considering GDP per capita differences. This study investigates theconvergence process of EFI across 12 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)countries from 1961 to 2018. Unlike previous studies focusing on convergence across the entireperiod, this research employs a novel approach using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) todecompose the EFI series into different frequency scales (short, medium, and long-run). Thismethodology enables us to assess convergence patterns across various time frames, providing a morecomprehensive understanding of the convergence process. We then apply the Fourier AugmentedDickey-Fuller unit root test to examine convergence across each frequency. Our findings reveal thatwhile short-term convergence is evident for all 12 countries, medium and long-term convergencepatterns vary. These results highlight the importance of considering time periods when developingenvironmental policies.</p

    Farklı Metalik Parçacıklarla Modifiye Edilmiş Polikaprolakton Filmlerin Difüzyon Katsayısına Etkisi

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    Modifiye elektrotların arzu edilen özelliklere göre tasarlanması (biyo)elektro-katalitik ve (biyo)sensör gibi farklı çalışma alanları için büyük bir çeşitlilik sağlamaktadır. Kullanılacak modifiye filmlerin elektrot yüzeylerindeki elektrokimyasal davranışı çalışmaların analitik parametrelerine etki etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, modifiye elektrotların (polikaprolakton/iridyum(IV) oksit (PCL/(IrO2), polikaprolakton/kobalt(II) oksit (PCL/CoO), polikaprolakton/alüminyum oksit (PCL/Al2O3) ve polikaprolakton/ferrosen (PCL/Fe (C5H5)2)) yüzeylerinde potasyum hekzasiyanoferratın [K3Fe(CN)6] redoks reaksiyonu döngüsel voltametri tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen voltamogram dataları ve Randles-Sevcik denklemi yardımıyla her bir kompozit için oksidasyon ve redüksiyon difüzyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Kompozit filmlerin difüzyon katsayısı değerleri birbirleriyle kıyaslanmış ve [K3Fe(CN)6]’dan sağlanan demir iyonlarının IrO2 ile modifiye edilmiş elektrodun yüzeyinde, hazırlanan diğer modifiye elektrotlara göre daha iyi oksidasyon ve redüksiyon performansı gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.</jats:p

    Determinants of Financial Efficiency and Performance in Big-Cap Chain Hotels

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    Chain hotels with 1billioninmarketcapitalizationnotonlycontributetoemploymentcreationandindirectlybecomeadrivingforceintheregenerationoflocaleconomiesbutalsoplayanessentialroleinrecoveringlocaleconomieswiththeirhighrevenueperavailableroom(RevPAR)values.Besides,thefinancialstabilityofthesehotelchainsdirectlyinfluencesthepopularityofdestinations,resultinginaninfluxoftouriststonearbyregions,whichinturngeneratesaneconomiccontributiontotheoveralldevelopmentofthetourismindustry.Therefore,theaimofthispaperistodeterminethefinancialfactorsthatareaffectingtheRevPAR(RPR),theirroleintheindustry,andthevalidityoftheagencycosttheoryofninechainhotelsthathaveatleast1 billion in market capitalization not only contribute to employment creation and indirectly become a driving force in the regeneration of local economies but also play an essential role in recovering local economies with their high revenue per available room (RevPAR) values. Besides, the financial stability of these hotel chains directly influences the popularity of destinations, resulting in an influx of tourists to nearby regions, which in turn generates an economic contribution to the overall development of the tourism industry. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the financial factors that are affecting the RevPAR (RPR), their role in the industry, and the validity of the agency cost theory of nine chain hotels that have at least 1 billion in market capital listed in U.S. stock markets over the period 2013–2022. The results show that, in contrast to the debt service coverage ratio, receivables turnover ratio, and book value per share variables, the day sales outstanding ratio and current ratio have a negative impact on chain hotels' RevPAR.</jats:p

    On the Voltage Dependent Series Resistance, Interface Traps, and Conduction Mechanisms in the Al/(Ti-doped DLC)/p-Si/Au Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs)

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    In this study, Al-(Ti:DLC)-pSi/Au Schottky barrier diode (SBD) was manufactured instead of conventional metal / semiconductor (MS) with and without an interlayer and then several fundamental electrical-characteristics such as ideality factor (n), barrier height B series and shunt resistances (Rs, Rsh), concentration of acceptor atoms (NA), and width of depletion-layer (Wd) were derived from the forward-reverse bias current/voltage (I-V), capacitance and conductance as a function of voltage (C/G-V) data using various calculation-methods. Semi logarithmic IF-VF plot shows a linear behavior at lower-voltages and then departed from linearity as a result of the influence of series resistance/Rs and organic-interlayer. Three linear regions can be seen on the double-logarithmic IF-VF plot. with different slopes (1.28, 3.14, and 1.79) in regions with low, middle, and high forward bias, which are indicated that Ohmic-mechanism, trap-charge-limited-current (TCLC) mechanism, and space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) mechanism, respectively. Energy dependent surface states (Nss) vs (Ess-Ev) profile was also obtained from the Card-Rhoderick method by considering voltage-dependence of n and B and they were grown from the mid-gap energy up to the semiconductor's valance band (Ev). To see the impact of Rs for 1 MHz, the measured C/G-V graphs were amendment. All results are indicated that almost all electrical parameters and conduction mechanism are quite depending on Rs, Nss, and calculation method due the voltage dependent of them.</jats:p

    The Relationship Between Teachers' Distance Education Self-Efficacy, Job Satisfaction, and Professional Burnout

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    The aim of this study is to reveal the relationships between teachers' self-efficacy perceptions towards distance education, job satisfaction, and professional burnout levels. The research was carried out with 206 teachers working in public schools in a province in the Western Black Sea Region. The data were collected using the Teachers' Self-Efficacy Belief Scale for Distance Education, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Professional Burnout Scale in the 2023-2024 academic year. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was seen that teachers' distance education self-efficacy and job satisfaction levels were above average, while their professional burnout levels were below average. No significant difference was found between teachers' self-efficacy perceptions towards distance education, job satisfaction and professional burnout levels, and gender and school type variables. No significant difference was found between teachers' self-efficacy perceptions towards distance education and professional burnout levels and professional seniority variable. There was a significant difference between job satisfaction and professional seniority, and this difference was in favor of teachers with higher professional seniority. While a positive low-level relationship was found between teachers' distance education self-efficacy perceptions and job satisfaction, no significant relationship was found between professional burnout. A negative relationship was found between teachers' job satisfaction and professional burnout levels. It is recommended to examine the relationships between the components of professional burnout and job satisfaction in this study and technology-based variables such as digital burnout and technostress.</jats:p

    Turizm Araştırmalarında En Çok Atıf Alan 100 Makalenin Bibliyometrik Değerlendirmesi

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    Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye kaynaklı turizm alanında yayınlanmış ve Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanında en fazla atıf alan ilk 100 makalenin analizi gerçekleştirmektir. En çok atıf yapılan makalelerin analizi, bilim dalındaki araştırma eğilimleri ve bilimsel ilerleme hakkında önemli bilgiler sunarak literatürdeki eksiklikleri gidermeye yardımcı olabilir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma alanın mevcut durumunu anlamak ve gelecek araştırmalara yön vermek açısından değerlidir. Araştırmada WoS veri tabanında “Turkey and Tourism” anahtar kelimeleriyle 1989-2024 tarihleri arasında yayınlanan Türkiye kaynaklı makalelere ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, en fazla atıf alan ilk 100 makalenin yayın yılı, yayınlandığı dergi, derginin etki faktörü (IF), yayının atıf sayısı ve yıllık atıf ortalaması belirlenmiştir. 1989 yılından 12.06.2024 tarihine kadar Türkiye’den turizm alanında literatüre kazandırılan toplam yayın sayısı 2.223’tür. Bu makalelere yapılan toplam atıf sayısı 98.806 olup, kendine atıf gösterimleri çıkarıldığında bu sayı 88.639’dur. Türkiye’nin yayın başına düşen atıf ortalaması ise 17.1’dir. En fazla atıf alan makale ise 838 atıf ile Yüksel vd., (2010) tarafından yazılan ve “Tourism Management” dergisinde yayınlanan “Destination attachment: Effects on customer satisfaction and cognitive, affective and conative loyalty” isimli çalışmadır.Sonuç olarak Türkiye’de WoS veri tabanında yer alan tüm indekslerde yayın yapma konusunda diğer ülkelere göre oldukça geç başlanmış olmasına rağmen kısa sürede gösterilen performans sayesinde önemli bir ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Bu durum, Türkiye’nin bilimsel araştırma ve yayıncılık alanındaki potansiyelini ve yetkinliğini göstermektedir. Gelecekte bu performansın daha da artırılarak daha yüksek seviyelere ulaşılması beklenmektedir. Bu süreçte araştırma ve yayıncılık faaliyetlerinin desteklenmesi, uluslararası işbirliklerinin güçlendirilmesi ve yenilikçi araştırmalara odaklanılması büyük önem taşımaktadır.</jats:p

    Gender Estimation from Morphometric Measurements of Mandibular Lingula by Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks

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    Background: Sex determination from the bones is of great importance for forensic medicine and anthropology. The mandible is highly valued because it is the strongest, largest and most dimorphic bone in the skull. Aim: Our aim in this study is gender estimation with morphometric measurements taken from mandibular lingula, an important structure on the mandible, by using machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of the mandibular lingula were obtained by retrospective scanning from the Picture Archiving Communication Systems of the Department of Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, İnönü University. Images scanned in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format were transferred to RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (Version: 2020.2). The images were converted to 3-D format by using the 3D Volume Rendering console of the program. Eight anthropometric parameters were measured bilaterally from these 3-D images based on the mandibular lingula. Results: The results of the machine learning algorithms analyzed showed that the highest accuracy was 0.88 with Random Forest and Gaussian Naive Bayes algorithm. Accuracy rates of other parameters ranged between 0.78 and 0.88. Conclusions: As a result of the study, it is thought that mandibular lingula-centered morphometric measurements can be used for gender determination as well as bones such as the pelvis and skull as they were found to be highly accurate. This study also provides information on the anatomical position of the lingula according to gender in Turkish society. The results can be important for oral-dental surgeons, anthropologists, and forensic experts. </jats:sec

    Türkiye’de Çevre Vergilerinin Yargıtay ve Danıştay Kararları Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi

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    Çevre, küresel kamusal mal olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çevrede oluşacak kirliliğin ve zararın giderilmesi için ortaya atılan etkili politikalardan biri vergi politikasıdır. Bu politika içerisinde yer alan araçlardan biri de çevre vergileridir. Bu çalışma çevre vergilerinin genel bilgisi, kuramsal çerçevesi, uygulaması ve hukuki önemini içeren bir çalışmadır. Bu çalışmada çevresel vergilerin mahkeme kararları eşliğinde incelenip analiz edilmesi ve yaşanan uyuşmazlıkların tespit edilip bu uyuşmazlıkların çözülmesi için öneriler sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel yöntem araştırma metodolojisi ve doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Danıştay ve Yargıtay’a ait çevre vergileri ile ilgili 30 adet dava incelenmiştir. Bu davalarda mükerrer vergileme, sebepsiz zenginleşme, vergi miktarında hata, vergileme ilkelerine aykırı olma konularında uyuşmazlıklar yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir.</jats:p

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