Green Medical Journal
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Legal Protection for Health Workers against Occupational Safety and Health Standards in Hospital
Full text linkIntroduction: The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) is a form of effort to make a workplace that is safe, healthy, free from environmental pollution, so that it is free from work accidents and occupational diseases that can increase work efficiency and productivity. This study aims to analyze how legal protection for health workers against occupational safety and health standards in hospitals and how obstacles and solutions for legal protection for health workers against occupational safety and health standards at RSJ Grhasia Yogyakarta, RS JIH Yogyakarta, and RS Paru Respira Yogyakarta.
Methods: The approach of this research is empirical juridical, the research specification is descriptive-analytical with qualitative data analysis.
Results: Legal protection for health workers against occupational safety and health standards in hospitals has been implemented by the Law and Regulation of the Minister of Health. The obstacle faced by the hospital is the lack of hospital human resources whose duties are still concurrent so the OHS program is not optimal. The solution to these obstacles is that every month monitoring is always carried out for work programs and work reports even though human resources are limited but the occupational safety and health program continues to run optimally.
Conclusion: The hospital can add human resources so that the OHS program in the hospital runs perfectly, giving sanctions to health workers who do not use PPE, making the OHS program in the hospital as a separate agency
Satisfaction with Online and Offline Learning among 2020 Medical Students at Universitas Muslim Indonesia
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Introduction: In recent years, Indonesian education has undergone drastic changes to respond to the world's digital challenges. When learning online, education components make many preparations while offline learning tends to require higher tuition fees. The lecturer needs to adjust the curriculum and lesson planning, learning practices and learning assessment, online and offline learning are different, so the level of student satisfaction will be very different. Knowing the level of satisfaction of online learning and offline learning in 2020 batch students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia.
Methods: This study used a descriptive method with a cross-sectional research design.
Results: 252 samples who filled out the questionnaire, the level of online learning satisfaction of the class A sample, the satisfied category was 120 respondents (94.5%) and dissatisfied as many as 7 respondents (5.5%), while the level of offline learning satisfaction of the class A sample, the satisfied category was 121 respondents (95.3%) and dissatisfied as many as 6 respondents (4.7%). The level of online learning satisfaction of the class B sample, the satisfied category was 117 respondents (93.6%) and dissatisfied as many as 8 respondents (6.4%), the level of offline learning satisfaction of the class A sample, the satisfied category was 123 respondents (98.4%) and dissatisfied as many as 2 respondents (1.6%).
Conclusion: The students of the medical faculty class of 2020 at Universitas Muslim Indonesia are satisfied with both online and offline learning methods
Relationship of Fruits and Vegetables Consumption with Children’s Cognitive Function in Elementary School Makassar
Full text linkIntroduction: Based on 2018 Basic Health Research data, the proportion of fruits and vegetables consumption among the Indonesian population ≥ 5 years old is still less, namely 95.5%. Eating fruits and vegetables can maintain cognitive function and repair damaged brain cells. The research aimed to determine the relationship between fruits and vegetables consumption and cognitive function in elementary school children in Makassar.
Methods: The research methodology is descriptive observational. The study sample size was 37 participants selected using a simple random sampling technique at SDN Borong Raya Makassar from September 2023 to October 2023. The independent variable was fruits and vegetables consumption, while the dependent variable in this study was cognitive function.
Results: Data analysis used the SPSS statistical Chi-square test where p < 0.05. The research results show that children who consume enough fruits and vegetables have good cognitive development (71.43%).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between fruits and vegetables consumption and cognitive function. Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables can optimize children's cognitive development
The Relationship of Aggressiveness and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review
Full text linkIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the mental health of people around the world, including increased levels of aggressiveness and depression. This study aims to identify the relationship between aggressiveness and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This research uses the literature review with the PICO method which selects relevant sources based on patient, population or problem, intervention, comparison, and outcome. Articles were collected using search engines such as EBSCO, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Proquest. The criteria for articles used were those published in 2019-2024.
Results: The literature review conducted in this study identified 22 relevant articles addressing the issue of aggressiveness and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. These articles provide critical insights into the complex relationship between these two mental health challenges, particularly in the context of the unique stressors introduced by the pandemic. The analysis of these sources highlights the significant increase in both depression and aggressive behaviors, emphasizing the need for comprehensive mental health interventions to address the dual impact of these conditions during global health crises.
Conclusion: The pandemic has exacerbated mental health conditions, with depression becoming more prevalent and often leading to aggressive behavior due to impaired emotion regulation. Contributing factors include psychological distress, social isolation, economic uncertainty, and disrupted routines. The findings highlight the need for holistic mental health interventions and adequate social support to mitigate these effects.
 
Hemolytic Anemia Due to Glucose-6-Phospate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Neonate
Full text linkGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme in erythrocytes that functions to maintain glycolysis, form an erythrocyte membrane, and protect hemoglobin from oxidative denaturation. Clinical manifestations of anemia and severe jaundice are risk factors for acute hyperbilirubinemia encephalopathy, which can progress to kernicterus. G6PD deficiency is X-linked. The incidence is most common in males with an incidence in Indonesia of 1-14%.
A 3-day-old male baby appeared yellowish and had a history of being pale since 1 day of age. There was a history of phototherapy and packed red blood cell transfusion from a previous hospital. The baby was born via caesarean section, term baby, with a birth weight of 2700 grams. The Physical examination revealed Kramer V, tachypnea, but no hepatosplenomegaly. A previous laboratory examination at AM Hospital showed total bilirubin of 23.3 mg/dL, indirect bilirubin 23 mg/dL, and pre-transfusion hemoglobin 9.8 g/dL. Chest X-rays revealed grade I–II hyaline membrane disease. Meanwhile, the laboratory test results at the Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital showed a total bilirubin of 38.5 mg/dL, indirect bilirubin 37.17 mg/dL, reticulocytes 9.95%, hemoglobin 11.8 g/dL, CRP 5.2 mg/L, Procalcitonin 0.5 ng/mL, and a negative Coombs test. The peripheral blood smear showed fragmented cells of erythrocytes. The G6PD level was 17.2 U/dL (reference value >20.5 U/dL). The patient received low-flow oxygenation, antibiotics, and 72 hours of intensive phototherapy. On the 7th day of treatment, the condition improved, and the baby was discharged. Therefore, Rapid diagnosis and treatment of G6PD deficiency are important to prevent other potential complication such as acute hyperbilirubinemia encephalopathy. 
Reducing Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection in Children: The Best Outcome of The COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkIntroduction: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infection remains a significant health challenge in developing countries, including Indonesia, with an incidence of around 28.9%. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been some changes in society’s habits. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm how the pandemic affects the STH infection prevalence in high-risk children.
Methods: This study, designed as a cross-sectional analysis, was conducted across multiple orphanages in Makassar, Indonesia. The sample population was healthy children aged 1–18 years old diagnosed with iron deficiency. Stool samples were collected and analyzed using the Kato-Katz technique to detect STH infection. The data was analysed with SPSS version 26 and presented in diagrams and tabulations.
Results: A total of 545 children 1-18 years old participated in this study, with 144 (26%) suffering from iron deficiency; 89 (61.4%) girls, and 56 boys (38.6%). The soil-transmitted helminth’s prevalence in children with iron deficiency was 6.9%, with A lumbricoides infection at 2.06% (3/144), T. trichiura infection at 2.7% (4/144), and both infections at 2.06% (3/144).
Conclusion: The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among children in Indonesia significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic
Effect of Dangke on Changes in Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Obese White Rats
Full text linkIntroduction: Obesity is associated with inflammation. Previous research has found that obesity determined by Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (LP) is associated with inflammation. Dangke contains Indigenos Lactic Acid Bacteria. The presence of lactic acid bacteria in fermented products has very positive benefits for health. The function of papaya sap which is used in making dangke, can act as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory ingredient.
Methods: Pure experimental research with a design, namely Pre-Post Randomized Clinical Trial Design. Data analysis used the independent T-test/Mann-Whitney test with a value <0.05.
Results: The difference in the mean levels of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte (NLR) in the Intervention and control groups obtained a p-value of 0.94 which means that there is no relationship between control and intervention on NLR levels. The average change in NLR levels in the control group p-value of 0.61 which means there is no significant change in NLR levels in test 1 and test 2. The average change in NLR levels in the intervention group before and after the intervention was given a p-value of 0.07, which means there was no significant change in NLR levels in the intervention group.
Conclusion: This study showed that intervention with Dangke did not yield a significant alteration in the NLR levels within the animal model of obesity
Potential Drug Interaction on Bleeding Events in Stroke Recurrence Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Full text linkIntroduction: Stroke is a major complication of atrial fibrillation, carries a high risk of recurrence. The likelihood of adverse effects from warfarin-drug interactions increases with the number of concurrent medications. Identifying these potential interactions is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of drug interactions on bleeding events and the incidence of recurrent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Methods: This retrospective study tracked 314 stroke patients with atrial fibrillation at Dr. Sardjito and Dr. Moewardi General Hospital over one year who received warfarin at two hospitals from January 2015 to December 2019. Using purposive sampling, 50 patients were analyzed and divided into two groups, 11 with stroke recurrence and 39 without recurrence in one year of treatment. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and odds ratio calculations, were performed to assess factors influencing stroke recurrence.
Results: In addition, major, moderate, and minor drug interactions were not significantly different p>0,05. Meanwhile, minor drug interaction correlated with bleeding event (p<0,05) and OR 0,1. The study underscored an elevated risk of bleeding associated with combinations such as warfarin-amiodarone, warfarin-clopidogrel, and various NSAIDs in major interaction analysis.
Conclusion: The research highlights an increased risk of bleeding caused by interaction in combinations therapiest such as warfarin-amiodarone, warfarin-clopidogrel, and various NSAIDs. These findings stress the importance of careful evaluation and management of drug interactions to reduce adverse effects and enhance outcomes for patients with recurrent strokes with atrial fibrillation
The Use of Azithromycin in Pediatric Typhoid Fever without Complication: A Case Report
Full text linkTyphoid fever is an infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. The prevalence is still high among emerging countries, such as Indonesia. There are limited options for the treatment of typhoid fever in children and more so is complicated by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The use of azithromycin has evolved as an important drug in the treatment of typhoid.
A male, aged 7 years and 2 months, was admitted to our hospital with remittent fever 4 days prior. The patient also presented with a period of cough since 2 days, and constipation, with full consciousness. The child had basic immunization completed for his age. He had a history of frequent consumption of street food. The diagnosis of typhoid fever was confirmed by serologic testing of positive 8 IgM Salmonella. Initially, the patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics of ceftriaxone for 8 days but shoed no clinical improvement, then the treatment was changed to intravenous azithromycin for 4 days and his condition improved greatly. The patient showed a better response with the use of azithromycin.
The management of typhoid fever remains challenging up to this day with variations in treatment response. From this case, we can conclude that azithromycin in some patients may show better improvement in the management of typhoid fever in pediatric patients. Although, ceftriaxone and other third-generation cephalosporins are still highly effective against Salmonella typhi
Personal Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation Factors that Influence the Incidence of Scabies in Al-Bayan
Full text linkIntroduction: The scabies is a skin disease caused by an infestation of Sarcoptes scabies mites. The scabies prevalence in Makassar city health profile in 2012 was 8 of 10 major diseases with a huge 6.63 %.
Methods: Analytical description with cross-sectional design. Data was collected through interviews using personal hygiene questionnaires and environmental sanitation observation sheets. The sample for this study was total sampling, a total of 67 junior high school Al Bayan Hidayatullah students were selected.
Results: Chi-square test results that showed that there was a relationship between skin hygiene and the incidence of scabies (p-value = 0.000), there was a relationship between hand hygiene and the incidence of scabies (p-value = 0.014), there was a relationship between nail hygiene and the incidence of scabies (p-value = 0.023), there is a relationship between clothing hygiene and the incidence of scabies (p-value = 0.000), there is a relationship between towel hygiene and the incidence of scabies (p-value = 0.006), there is no relationship between bed and bed linen hygiene and the incidence of scabies (p-value = 0.095 ), There is no relationship between environmental sanitation and the incidence of scabies (p-value = 0.538), There is no relationship between residential density and the incidence of scabies (p-value = 0.538).
Conclusion: Improve personal hygiene and improve environmental sanitation so that they can avoid scabies as early as possible