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Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnancy Complications; Systematic Literature Review
Full text linkIntroduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern, particularly among pregnant women, with prevalence rates reaching up to 40%. This deficiency poses risks to both maternal and fetal health, leading to complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm labor.
Content: This study employed a literature review approach, collecting data from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Technology Index (SINTA). Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria: international journals published between 2017 and 2024, focusing on the effectiveness of vitamin D during pregnancy. Exclusion criteria included journals ranked >Q3 (SJR) and >3 (SINTA). The review process involved critical appraisal, skimming, scanning, and thematic analysis.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation reduces pregnancy complications. Future research should explore the extent of its effectiveness in optimizing maternal and fetal health outcomes.
 
METASTASIS PARU PADA KARSINOMA PAYUDARA: PERAN PENCITRAAN DALAM MENANGANI KASUS KETERLAMBATAN DIAGNOSIS
No full textBackground: Breast cancer is still the second leading cause of death, with most deaths caused by breast cancer being due to complications associated with metastasis. The target organ of metastasis that often occurs in breast cancer is the lung. Imaging modalities are essential to see breast cancer with lung metastasis and determine early intervention.
Objective: Report on the case of a 60-year-old female patient with lung metastasis of breast carcinoma at Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta.
Case Description: A 60-year-old female patient presented with complaints of shortness of breath on exertion and weight loss. The radiological finding was consistent with a lung metastatic lesion.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis of breast tumors and lung metastases is crucial for effective treatment and a positive prognosis due to a much lower chance of death as well as higher survival rates in patients with smaller tumors at the time of diagnosis. Imaging using ultrasound-assisted mammography can be the primary modality for the diagnosis and screening of breast cancer, while for the detection of lung metastases, plain chest X-ray can be used as the primary modality for diagnosis and CT can be a supporting imaging method for the presence of smaller metastatic nodules
Empirical Antibiotics’ Impact on Hospital Stay and Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Full text linkIntroduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) shows a high prevalence rate in adult patients. Bacterial infections are the most common etiology of CAP cases and can lead to patient hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Empirical antibiotics can be given to CAP patients to prevent worsening. This study aims to analyze the appropriateness of empirical antibiotics, according to guidelines on length of stay and mortality, in CAP patients.
Methods: This observational retrospective study used medical record data from CAP patients at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, from January 2023 to December 2024. We evaluated the impact of prescribed antibiotics, based on the 2019 ATS/IDSA guidelines, on length of stay and in-hospital mortality. Data were tested using the Fisher test with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Result: Significant differences were shown in the type of treatment room and comorbid diseases such as lung disorders, related to patient outcomes (recovery or death). The administration of empirical antibiotics to patients with CAP, as recommended by guidelines on length of hospitalization and patient mortality, demonstrated p-values of 0.683 and 0.166, respectively (p > 0.05). The suitability of empirical antibiotics to the guideline did not affect the length of treatment and outcome of CAP patients.
Conclusion: The administration of empirical therapy in accordance with guidelines did not demonstrate a correlation with reduced duration of hospitalisation or decreased mortality. Nevertheless, a significant association was identified between ICU admission, comorbid lung disease, and patient outcomes
Faktor-Faktor Risiko Glaukoma yang Dapat Dimodifikasi
No full textIntroduction: Glaucoma contributes of cases of number of irreversible blindness worldwide, with estimates reaching 112 million cases by 2040. About 50% remain unaware in the early stages of this disease unless there is already a visual disturbance or an acute attack.
Methods: This is an observational literature review. This study uses the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The keywords searched were: Glaucoma risk factors, retinal ganglion cell damage, intraocular pressure, neuroprotection for glaucoma, metabolic disease and glaucoma. The inclusion criteria were original cohort studies, case-control studies, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), systematic review, and meta-analysis in the last decade in English. Non-English articles were excluded.
Results: The main preventable risk factors of glaucoma are increased intraocular pressure, oxidative stress, and metabolic syndrome. for every 1 mmHg increase in intraocular pressure there will be a loss of retinal nerv fiber layer of ~0.05µm to ~0.13µm per year. Controlling intraocular pressure with medications or laser/surgery can reduce intraocular pressure by 20-70%. Oxidative stress damage retinal ganglion cell particularly in normo-tension glaucoma, regardless of intraocular pressure. Metabolic syndrome increases oxidative stress thereby exacerbating retinal ganglion cell damage. The use of citicoline and nicotinamide has been widely proven to slow down retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma. The relationship between blood pressure with the progression of glaucoma is still debated.
Conclusion: Preventing the progression of glaucoma is important by controlling the preventable risk factors, including increased intraocular pressure, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome. By decreasing intraocular pressure, damage to retinal ganglion cells slows down. Oxidative stress damages retinal ganglion cells regardless of intraocular pressure. Metabolic syndrome increases oxidative stress, thereby exacerbating retinal ganglion cell damage
Exploration of The Knowledge and Lifestyles of Obese Housewives in Sukamaju Village
Full text linkIntroduction: Housewives exhibit a higher susceptibility to obesity compared to women employed in office settings or those who are students, primarily due to the increased time spent at home attending to childcare responsibilities. The incidence of obesity is more prevalent among boys than girls, a trend that inversely correlates with the age of entering adulthood. At this stage, women are more prone to obesity than men. Married women experience weight gain at nearly twice the rate of their unmarried counterparts. Data from the 2011 and 2015 National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMS) indicate that the prevalence of obesity is greater in women than in men. Furthermore, the average Body Mass Index (BMI) of housewives surpasses that of individuals in other occupations. Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, resulting in an energy imbalance and subsequent weight gain, with 60% to 80% of this increase typically comprising body fat mass.
Methods: This quantitative study employed an observational design, utilizing univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test for data analysis. The sampling technique implemented was simple random sampling.
Result: A significant association was identified between knowledge and obesity (p = 0.028). Additionally, a relationship between lifestyle and obesity was observed, with a p-value of 0.035.
Conclusion: A significant correlation exists between knowledge, lifestyle, and obesity among housewives
Literature Review on Human Metapneumovirus: Updates, Trends and Emerging Concerns in Indonesia, Southeast Asia
Full text linkIntroduction Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), is an RNA virus contributing to the pathogenesis and severity of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in vulnerable populations globally. Despite recent reports of increasing HMPV cases in China, research on HMPV in Indonesia remains scarce compared to studies conducted in other Southeast Asian countries.
Content: HMPV as a pathogen is accidentally discovered in concurrent with the study of other causative agents. HMPV infection can cause severe respiratory tract infection, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children with underlying disease. Therefore, research in respect to HMPV epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality of the disease generated by HMPV infection in Indonesia should be continuously conducted.
Conclusion: This study aims to review findings of HMPV in Southeast Asia region countries, such as Malaysia and Singapore. Understanding HMPV seasonality patterns, clinical features, surveillance, and public health responses could improve readiness for the upcoming emergence
Risk Factor and Symptoms of Back Pain in Coastal Fisherman in Jaya Bakti Village Banggai
Full text linkIntroduction: Back pain is a significant global musculoskeletal health issue, particularly affecting occupational groups with high physical demands, such as fishermen. This study aimed to describe demographic factors (age), lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption), socioeconomic status, and accompanying symptoms associated with back pain in a population of coastal fishermen in Jaya Bakti Village, Pagimana, Banggai Regency.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach, collecting data through structured questionnaires. The study sample consisted of 62 fishermen selected from the population at the research site.
Result: Analysis of 62 respondents showed the majority were over 25 years old (40.3% aged 25-35; 50.0% aged >36 years). Lifestyle analysis in a sub-sample of 21 respondents revealed a very high prevalence of smoking (90.5%) and alcohol consumption in 38.1% of respondents. Income data from 41 respondents indicated the majority (63.4%) earned between IDR 500,000 until IDR 1,000,000 per month. 20 respondents reporting back pain, the most dominant accompanying symptoms were headache (90%) and reported loss of consciousness (85%). This finding is atypical for mechanical low back pain and may reflect misinterpretation of symptoms or other underlying conditions, requiring further clinical investigation, followed by pain radiating to the abdomen (60%).
Conclusion: This descriptive study concludes that back pain among fishermen in the study location tends to occur in older age groups and may be exacerbated by high smoking rates. The reported accompanying symptoms, particularly the high frequency of self-reported episodes suggestive of loss of consciousness or presyncope
Factors Associated with Anxiety Level of Resident Doctors during The COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkIntroduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease that first appeared in Wuhan in December 2019. Indonesia as of January 2021 has reached more than one million cases, with more than 300 doctors dying. Resident doctors of Universitas Hasanuddin continue to provide services during the pandemic so that it is vulnerable to infection and anxiety. However, there is no clear data regarding this.
Methods: Comparative research with a quantitative approach, conducted in October-December 2020 on resident doctors of Universitas Hasanuddin. A total of 399 residents filled out an anonymous questionnaire online, consisting of general data, PSS-10, and GAD-7. Data processing used Microsoft Excel and SPSS 24.0 to obtain the expected statistical results. Analysis used the chi-square test.
Results: Almost 50% of resident doctors of Universitas Hasanuddin experienced anxiety (GAD-7: 49.6% mild-severe anxiety; PSS-10: 48.4% moderate-severe stress). Psychiatric history and COVID-19 confirmed history were associated with anxiety (p<0.05). Study period level and working hours also affected stress levels. Availability of personal protective equipment was associated with anxiety. Age, gender, marital status, financing, number of children, number of households, infectious work area and contact history had no effect on anxiety.Sources of anxiety included fear of infection, availability of PPE, transmission to family, continuity of study, continuity of incentives, and uncertainty of the end of the pandemic.
Conclusion: Psychiatric history and COVID-19 diagnosis are factors associated with MPPDS anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
A Comprehensive Review of HLA-DPB1 *05:01 in Hepatitis B: Cases and Sequencing Methods
Full text linkBackground: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is critical in mediating immune responses by presenting peptides to T cells. Among the HLA loci, HLA-DPB1 is noteworthy for its role in immune regulation and disease susceptibility. The HLA-DPB1*05:01 allele, in particular has been associated with various immunological outcomes and disease processes, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
Objective: This review aims to explore the association of HLA-DPB1*05:01 with HBV infection, disease progression, and vaccine response, while also discussing the methodologies employed for sequencing this allele.
Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Google Scholar. Studies included in this review focused on HLA-DPB1*05:01 in the context of HBV, encompassing epidemiological research, clinical outcomes, and sequencing techniques.
Results: The HLA-DPB1*05:01 allele plays a significant role in HBV infection, with its effects varying across different populations. In Caucasians, it is associated with spontaneous clearance of HBV, suggesting a protective role. Conversely, in East Asian and Chinese populations, it is linked to increased susceptibility to chronic HBV infection. This allele also influences disease progression, slowing progression to severe liver diseases in some populations but increasing risk in others. Additionally, HLA-DPB1*05:01 affects antiviral treatment efficacy and is associated with a higher likelihood of non-response to the hepatitis B vaccine.
Conclusion: The HLA-DPB1*05:01 allele significantly impacts HBV infection outcomes, highlighting the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. While sequencing techniques provide detailed genetic analysis, variability in study methodologies and population-specific effects present challenges. Future research should address these limitations to enhance understanding of HLA-DPB1*05:01 and its role in HBV infection.Latar Belakang: Sistem antigen leukosit manusia (HLA) sangat penting dalam memediasi respons imun dengan menyajikan peptida kepada sel T. Di antara lokus HLA, HLA-DPB1 menonjol karena perannya dalam regulasi imun dan kerentanan terhadap penyakit. Alel HLA-DPB1*05:01, khususnya, telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai hasil imunologis dan proses penyakit, termasuk infeksi virus hepatitis B (HBV).
Tujuan: Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan HLA-DPB1*05:01 dengan infeksi HBV, perkembangan penyakit, dan respons vaksin, serta membahas metodologi yang digunakan untuk sekuensing alel ini.
Metode: Mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), pencarian literatur yang komprehensif dilakukan di PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, dan Google Scholar. Studi yang termasuk dalam ulasan ini berfokus pada HLA-DPB1*05:01 dalam konteks HBV, mencakup penelitian epidemiologi, hasil klinis, dan teknik sekuensing.
Hasil: Alel HLA-DPB105:01 memainkan peran signifikan dalam infeksi HBV, dengan efek yang bervariasi di berbagai populasi. Pada populasi Kaukasia, alel ini terkait dengan eliminasi spontan HBV, menunjukkan peran protektif. Sebaliknya, pada populasi Asia Timur dan Cina, alel ini dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kerentanan terhadap infeksi HBV kronis. Alel ini juga mempengaruhi perkembangan penyakit, memperlambat perkembangan ke penyakit hati yang parah pada beberapa populasi tetapi meningkatkan risiko pada populasi lain. Selain itu, HLA-DPB105:01 mempengaruhi efektivitas pengobatan antivirus dan dikaitkan dengan kemungkinan yang lebih tinggi untuk tidak merespons vaksin hepatitis B.
Kesimpulan: Alel HLA-DPB105:01 secara signifikan mempengaruhi hasil infeksi HBV, menyoroti interaksi kompleks antara faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Meskipun teknik sekuensing memberikan analisis genetik yang mendetail, variasi dalam metodologi studi dan efek spesifik populasi menghadirkan tantangan. Penelitian di masa depan harus mengatasi keterbatasan ini untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang HLA-DPB105:01 dan perannya dalam infeksi HBV
Biliary Atresia with Cytomegalovirus Infection, Congenital Heart Disease and Pneumonia: A Case Report
Full text linkBiliary atresia (BA) is a condition of biliary obstruction. Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) is a treatment option. The aim to determine the success rate of kasai procedure and prognosis in BA patients with other underlying diseases. This is a descriptive case study research. We report a boy, 2 months and 11 days with jaundice all over his body since one week old; putty stool, and dark urine. Old man's face, icteric, rib xylophone, subcostal retraction, rales, continuous heart murmur, and wasting. Total and direct bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, and gamma GT are increased. A Kasai surgical procedure was carried out, but did not significantly improve his condition because the operation was performed at the age of 4 months and 8 days with liver cirrhosis, sepsis, pneumonia, and malnutrition. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and acyanotic congenital heart disease also worsened his preoperative condition. Kasai portoenterostomy is a method of managing biliary atresia, but our patient was diagnosed with biliary atresia accompanied by CMV infection, congenital heart disease, or pneumonia, so the procedures not enough for this condition, and mortality rate is higher than biliary atresia alone. Age at surgery time also influences the prognosis