Central European Public Administration Review (E-Journal)
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National Interest and European Law in the Legislation and Juridical Practice on Health Care Services – In the Light of the Reforms of the Hungarian Health Care System
Full text linkThe priority of the national interest in the field of the health care policy is secured by the rules of the TFEU, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and by the secondary law as well. Although several market-type and pro-competitive solutions have appeared, they can have only limited influence on the national systems. The main reasons of the limited influence of the EU regulations are the primary responsibilities of the Member States, the widely applicable public health exceptions, and the limited application of the EU competition rules. Although the national legislation is the determinative, the EU regulations on the free movement of persons and services could be applied in the field of the health care services. This principle was recognized by the landmark decisions of the Court of Justice (ECJ). The Directive 2011/24/EU is based on these principles and a limited competition has evolved. Because the competition is limited and the creation of a single European health care area has just begun, the “silent revolution” of the public service provision has a minor importance. The practice of the ECJ has been focused on the use of the cross-border services and the Member States have had a broad margin for the organisation and management of this public service. The role of the European legislation on the competition is limited in this field as well. Therefore the strong centralization of the Hungarian health system from 2011 to 2013 may be in harmony with the EU legislation, although the competition at the national level is not promoted by the reformed Hungarian rules on health care
An Application of Subgroup Discovery Algorithm on the Case of Decentralization and Quality of Governance in EU
Full text linkThis paper analyses a statistical relationship between the decentralization of the EU countries and the quality of their governance. The degree of decentralization is measured from a fiscal and political point of view, and the quality of governance by multiple indicators and citizen opinions. The paper presents a subgroup discovery algorithm which is capable of analysing two sets of several variables, and uses it for the analysis of EU countries. The paper is one of the first to use the data mining methods from the social sciences domain. The used algorithm has discovered some interesting patterns which show a desired relationship. We have discovered that the proportion of public sector employees is one of the most important indicators, which strongly correlates with the degree of trust in the European and national institutions, the government effectiveness and the perception of corruption
Critical Analysis of Audit Committee Reporting in National Government Departments: The Case of South Africa
Full text linkThe paper critically assesses audit committee reporting in South Africa’s national government departments (NGDs). During the review, it was established that, from the regulatory perspective, there were limited guidelines relating to the extent and nature of information that should be reported on the audit committee reports, whereas the main contribution of the paper are uniform benchmark features of audit committee reporting in the South Africa’s national government departments. These benchmark features (categories) were developed using an inductive or bottom up thematic analysis which was applied on the applicable regulations as well as on all NGD’s annual reports to determine the comprehensive themes and patterns of audit committee reporting across the departments. It is recommended that those audit committees in NGDs that do not currently report on these themes should expand their reporting to be comprehensive by including these themes.Using the established benchmark features in the form of themes, audit committees reports were coded and analysed to determine the disclosure of information relating to these themes. It was found that majority of categories reported on audit committee reports and analysed lacked transparency as to the role of audit committees in providing oversight in the NGDs concerned. In addition to the recommended audit committee themes, the paper further recommends that audit committees in NGDs should also consider voluntary disclosing of some additional information on their oversight activities. Disclosure of additional voluntary information would improve the usefulness of audit committee reports as users of this information would gain and understanding of yearly audit committee activities as of the nature of oversight and strategic engagements audit committees would have had with the management as well. The potential benefit for users of audit committee reports in NGDs is envisaged as flexibility, exposure and access to different dimensions of information reported by different NGDs. The potential benefit for audit committee members is grounded on the users’ perception of audit committee reports, in this instance, the improvement in perception on their independence
Police Leadership Development: Intentions and Critical Success-Factors
Full text linkThe Norwegian Police Service (NPS) have been heavily criticized after the 22 July 2011 terror attacks at Utøya and in Oslo. One of the evaluation reports stated three shortcomings in the NPS: culture, attitudes and leadership. Management and leadership in the NPS needs to be improved and strengthened, and this shall take place among other things, with the help of a policy document on Civil Service Leadership, elaborated into a manifest called Plattform for medarbeiderskap (Platform of Employeeship for the NPS). The policy document pertains to how the public sector in general ought to be managed, and the document is based on leadership research and is in accordance with mainstream management theory. The idea of formulating a principle of management that would characterize the classical contributions is also evident in this document. This paper addresses two problems: How can value-based police leadership skills be operationalized and measured, and what are the key critical factors in transferring value-based police leadership principles into improved leadership practices
Opredelitev slovenskega dopolnilnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja kot storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena
Full text linkDopolnilno zdravstveno zavarovanje je v slovenski zakonodaji opredeljeno kot dejavnost v javnem interesu, ki je neločljiv in bistven element sistema socialne varnosti ter kot tak uresničuje identične cilje kot obvezno zdravstveno zavarovanje – finančno varnost prebivalstva pred visokimi zdravstvenimi izdatki ter primeren in pravičen dostop do učinkovite in kakovostne zdravstvene oskrbe. Države članice EU pogosto uvajajo različne regulatorne ukrepe, s katerimi varujejo javni interes na področju gospodarskih dejavnosti. Ti ukrepi so pogosto v nasprotju s pravnim redom EU (pravili o delovanju notranjega trga in konkurenčno zakonodajo), kar je z vidika EU načeloma nedopustno. Cilj članka je opredelitev slovenskega dopolnilnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja kot storitev splošnega gospodarskega pomena, ki državam članicam širi meje avtonomnega urejanja oziroma omogoča sprejem regulatornih ukrepov, ki niso skladni s pravili o delovanju notranjega trga in konkurenčno zakonodajo EU
Community Participation in the South African Local Government Dispensation: A Public Administration Scholastic Misnomer
Full text linkThe interpretation, application and understanding of community participation in the South African local government discourse in particular, is ambiguous, thus, creating a more simplistic and superficial meaning for operationalization. This paper seeks to challenge the notion that community participation is a substitute in its ontological and epistemological form and connotation for public participation. Many scholars in public administration have jumped on the bandwagon of dispensation, thus creating a misnomer in relation to a distinct nature of community participation and public participation which clearly undermines the authenticity of conception within the discipline and scholarship in general. Using a variety of qualitative secondary data collection and analytical techniques, this paper interrogates the misnomer in public administration scholarship in relation to the use andapplication of community participation specifically in local government. To successfully demonstrate this misnomer regarding the use, application and understanding of the concepts and their impact on scholarship, five selected articles on community participation and five others on public participation on local government published in the Journal of Public Administration (JOPA) were reviewed. The paper therefore concludes that the influential role of public administration as a scientific discipline is to forge relations with public administration as a practice for the purposes of conceptualizing and operationalising concepts and terminologies. This will ensure conciseness and bypass the contradictions which have potency of denting both scholarship and practice
Opportunity Cost Classification of Goods and Markets
Full text linkSixty years ago, Samuelson’s “Pure Theory of Public Expenditure” expounded the classification of goods, and Bain’s “Economies of Scale, Concentration and the Condition of Entry in Twenty Manufacturing Industries” expounded the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. To the present day, rivalry in- and excludability from consumption classify goods, and subadditivity and irreversibility in production classify market structure. Opportunity costs of production in the form of prospective sunk costs incentivise investment and production, and the sunk costs themselves induce subadditivities, specialization and convexity of the marginal rate of technical substitution. Opportunity costs in consumption are determined by the marginal costs of replacement. In light of the recent Nobel price award to Jean Tirole, we revisit some of the forgotten discussions and clarify some of the terminology under a more economic framework of opportunity costs
Vloga plače pri motiviranosti in zavzetosti zaposlenih na izbranem ministrstvu v Sloveniji
Full text linkLeta 2008 so v javnem sektorju zaradi gospodarske krize uvedli številne ukrepe na področju plač zaposlenih. Plača pomeni enega ključnih motivatorjev za zadovoljstvo in zavzetost zaposlenih. Članek predstavlja študijo, v kateri sva raziskovali vlogo plače pri zavzetosti, zadovoljstvu z delom in motivaciji zaposlenih na izbranem ministrstvu v času krize. Sodelovalo je 167 zaposlenih, vključili pa sva tri merske instrumente – Lestvico delovnega zadovoljstva, Lestvico delovne zavzetosti in Lestvico delovnih preferenc.Ugotovili sva, da so bolj zavzeti tisti zaposleni, katerih zadovoljstvo s plačo je višje, in ne tisti, katerih sama plača je višja. Povezava med plačo in zadovoljstvom je sicer pozitivna, vendar ni jasno linearna. Pri delu so bolj zavzeti zaposleni z višjo stopnjo notranje motivacije, medtem ko višja stopnja zunanje motivacije pomeni nižje zadovoljstvo s plačo. Tako sva opozorili na pomembno vlogo denarnega nagrajevanja ter ob koncu predstavili smernice za nadaljnje delo na tem področju
Determinants of Public Sector Innovation: The Example of Capacity Development in Public Procurement
Full text linkThe Triple-Helix-Model stresses the idea that a successful national system of innovation ought to incorporate the complexity of three social subsystems: private sector economy, governmental system and science. Following the insight that the state and its agencies are important players in any system of innovation, we take a closer look at the innovative action in the public sphere. Therefore, we propose an analytical tool that allows a more detailed explanation of relevant determinants of innovative behaviour: (1) property rights, (2) capabilities, and (3) motivation. In order to show the relevance of these determinants, we tested the plausibility of our theoretical tool against the topic of public procurement of innovation. Five hypotheses were derived and then tested empirically by using a data set about German public procurement practice. Our linear regression model provides evidence for the hypotheses that framework conditions, special training, and motivation of procurement staff play a central role in demand-driven innovation of the public sector
Analiza nabora, pomena, obsega in pogostosti vložitve razlogov za zahtevo sodnega varstva
Full text linkPravica do pravnega sredstva je ena temeljnih pravic, ki mora biti zagotovljena vsakemu udeležencu v postopku (kazenskem, upravnem,pravdnem …), v katerem se odloča o njegovih pravicah, dolžnostih ali pravnih koristih. Na področju prekrškovnega prava v hitrem prekrškovnem postopku je zakonodajalec to pravno sredstvo poimenoval zahteva za sodno varstvo. Njena učinkovitost zagotavljanja pravne varnosti kršiteljev je neraziskana, zato je bila opravljena poglobljena empirična, historična in normativna raziskava izpodbojnih razlogov za njeno vložitev, zlasti njihovega nabora, pomena, obsega in pogostosti njihove vložitve. Ugotovil sem, da se nabor izpodbojnih razlogov za vložitev zahteve sodnega varstva širi s spremembami Zakona o prekrških. Največ zahtev je vloženih zaradi izpodbojnega razloga zmotne in nepopolne ugotovitve dejanskega stanja. To pomeni, da se prekrškovnemu organu v tem delu hitrega prekrškovnega postopka očita največ nepravilnosti. Z rezultati empirične raziskave z modelom izpodbijanja prekrškovnih odločitev policije je bil predstavljen potek raziskovanja, uporabljene metode in izhodišča za model pravnega varstva zoper odločitve policije po Zakonu o prekrških de lege ferenda