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Suplementación ad libitum en comederos de autoconsumo: ¿raciones con sal o con cáscara de arroz?.
No full textLas raciones estándar de autoconsumo con agregado de sal (cloruro de sodio, NaCl) para limitar el consumo animal generalmente presentan alrededor de 10% de NaCl
Effect of phosphate fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency of forage pastures 2. Annual Ryegrass. [abstract]
No full textPasture response to N fertilization and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is highly conditioned by the phosphorus (P) availability and soil water. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of NP fertilization on the NUE of annual ryegrass, in two growth periods
Supplement feed efficiency of growing beef cattle grazing native Campos grasslands during winter: a collated analysis.
No full textSupplementing growing cattle grazing native subtropical Campos grasslands during winter improves the low, even negative, average daily weight gain (ADG) typical of extensive animal production systems in Uruguay. Nonetheless, to render the practice profitable, it is crucial to control supplement feed efficiency (SFE), that is, the difference in ADG between supplemented and control animals (ADGchng) per unit of supplement dry matter (DM) intake. Little has been studied specifically on how SFE varies in these systems. The objective of this study was to quantify the magnitude and variation in SFE of growing beef cattle grazing stockpiled native Campos grasslands during winter and assess putative associations with herbage, animals, supplements, and climatic variables. We compiled data from supplementation trials carried out in Uruguay between 1993 and 2018, each evaluating between one and six supplementation treatments. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science
Artrópodos benéficos en cultivos de maíz y soja para la evaluación de riesgos en bioseguridad. [poster].
No full textLas principales características introducidas en los eventos de vegetales genéticamente modificados son la tolerancia a herbicidas y la resistencia a insectos. En Uruguay la evaluación técnica y el análisis de riesgo de los eventos Genéticamente Modificados requieren autorización del Sistema Nacional de Bioseguridad
Short-term impact of oxytetracycline administration on the fecal microbiome, resistome and virulome of grazing cattle.
No full textABSTRACT.- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important public health concern around the world. Limited information exists about AMR in grasslands-based systems where antibiotics are seldom used in beef cattle. The present study investigated the impacts of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the microbiome, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) in grazing steers with no previous exposure to antibiotic treatments. Four steers were injected with a single dose of OTC (TREAT), and four steers were kept as control (CONT). The effects of OTC on fecal microbiome, ARGs, and VFGs were assessed for 14 days using 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. Alpha and beta microbiome diversities were significantly affected by OTC. Following treatment, less than 8% of bacterial genera had differential abundance between CONT and TREAT samples. Seven ARGs conferring resistance to tetracycline (tet32, tet40, tet44, tetO, tetQ, tetW, and tetW/N/W) increased their abundance in the post-TREAT samples compared to CONT samples. In addition, OTC use was associated with the enrichment of macrolide and lincosamide ARGs (mel and lnuC, respectively). The use of OTC had no significant effect on VFGs. In conclusion, OTC induced short-term alterations of the fecal microbiome and enrichment of ARGs in the feces of grazing beef cattle. Copyright: © 2023 by the author
Ovicidal Effect of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, Eggs.
No full textABSTRACT.- The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive beetle that has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees throughout North America since its arrival. The use of entomopathogenic fungi as part of integrated pest management approaches is considered effective against a wide range of insect pests. The aim of this study was to screen and select locally adapted EAB-associated entomopathogenic fungi with ovicidal effect on EAB eggs under laboratory conditions. The pathogenicity of nine fungal strains, previously isolated from EAB galleries, and the commercial Beauveria bassiana strain GHA was tested. Three of these, Akanthomyces muscarius 48-27, Lecanicillium longisporum 66-14 Lecanicillium psalliotae 59-2, and GHA B. bassiana strain consistently showed significant ovicidal effects and a high percentage of inoculum recovery both from eggs and neonate larvae. The high levels of inoculum recovery from neonate larvae demonstrate that, even after emergence, larvae were infected. The possibility of disrupting EAB's life cycle at the egg stage through microbial control represents a potential management opportunity that should be explored in future field studies. Future work should also study the effect of EPF on neonate larvae survival and performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effect of entomopathogenic fungi against the egg stage of EAB. © 1996-2025 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland
Nanopartículas metálicas biogénicas a partir de Trichoderma spp. y su aplicación en el control de fitopatógenos. 397. (resúmen)
No full textLas nanopartículas metálicas presentan una amplia variedad de aplicaciones, que se fundamentan por sus propiedades físico-químicas, diferentes a partículas de misma composición pero mayor tamaño
Effect of different finishing strategies and steer temperament on animal welfare and instrumental meat tenderness.
No full textABSTRACT.The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different fattening systems from pasture to concentrate and temperament on animal welfare (AW) and meat quality (MQ). Eighty-four Hereford steers were randomly assigned to the following groups: T1, pasture (4% of animal live weight: LW); T2, pasture (3% LW) plus concentrate (0.6% LW); T3, pasture (3% LW) plus concentrate (1.2% LW); T4, an ad libitum concentrate treatment. Temperament was assessed by three individual tests: crush score, flight time, and exit speed, building a multicriterial temperament index (TIndex). The flight zone was also registered for each treatment. AW was assessed through the integration of indicators of productivity, physiology, and behavior, as well as by monitoring the health status within each treatment. Shear force was registered for MQ. Differences in average daily gain were due to the different energetic composition of the diets (T4 > T3 > T2 > T1) and were not attributable to animal welfare problems. Animals from T4 had the higher average daily gain (ADG) but welfare was negatively affected, being evident through physiological indicators, the restriction or deprivation of relevant behaviors, diet-related diseases, and mortality. T1, T2, and T3 did not appear to compromise animal welfare. However, strict preventive measures and monitoring should be taken during the habituation process and when using any new diet that includes concentrate, because of possible dietary diseases. Shear force values were lower in T1. None of the animals in our experiment were excitable or aggressive, but there was a positive response to handling in all treatments. In addition, regardless of diet, calmer animals had higher average daily gain and lower shear force values; thus, temperament appears to have a significant influence on productivity and meat quality. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
La crianza de terneros lecheros en Uruguay: Dónde estamos y hacia dónde vamos.
No full textRESUMEN. - La lechería en Uruguay representa un componente esencial, tanto desde lo económico como en lo cultural. Dentro de los datos de interés podemos mencionar que el 70% de lo que producimos se exporta, que somos el país de Latinoamérica con mayor consumo per capita de leche y sus derivados; y nos encontramos entre los primeros 12 países cuyas exportaciones de leche y derivados alcanzaron los valores más elevados durante el2022. Este artículo intenta tener una visión integral de las prácticas de crianza predominantes en el país, con foco en los puntos críticos identificados (potenciales áreas de mejora) y aportar recomendaciones concretas y fundamentadas para poder abordarlos
Analyzing possible effects of silvopastoral systems on biodiversity and ecosystem services in temperate grasslands of southern South America.
No full textABSTRACT.- Silvopastoral systems (SPS), beyond their productive potential, have been promoted as a strategy for carbon sequestration and contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. The review carried out shows that when it comes to the implementation of these systems in tropical regions, especially where agricultural or livestock activity has displaced natural vegetation, the effects are positive in terms of carbon sequestration, biodiversity, hydrological dynamics and water quality. In subtropical and temperate regions, SPS may be an environment friendly option in those bioregions where natural vegetation is dominated by open woody communities and grasslands, by the association of well managed grazing livestock. In regions where the natural vegetation is grasslands, there is few information obtained in SSP, for which some information derived from forest systems was analyzed. The scant evidence shows that carbon sequestration could be a reality if soil carbon and aerial biomass are added, but it could alter water dynamics and affect the biodiversity of flora and fauna. .-.-.--.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.RESUMO.- Os sistemas silvipastorais (SPS), além do seu potencial produtivo, têm sido promovidos como estratégia de sequestro de carbono e contribuem para a conservação da biodiversidade. A revisão efectuada mostra que quando se trata da implementação destes sistemas em regiões tropicais, especialmente onde a actividade agrícola ou pecuária deslocou a vegetação natural, os efeitos são positivos em termos de sequestro de carbono, biodiversidade, dinâmica hidrológica e qualidade da água. Nas regiões subtropicais e temperadas, o SPS pode ser uma opção amiga do ambiente nas bio-regiões onde a vegetação natural é dominada por comunidades lenhosas abertas e pastagens, pela associação de gado pastoreio bem gerido. Em regiões onde a vegetação natural é pastagem, há poucas informações obtidas no SSP, para as quais foram analisadas algumas informações derivadas de sistemas florestais. As escassas evidências mostram que o sequestro de carbono poderia ser uma realidade se fossem adicionados carbono do solo e biomassa aérea, mas poderia alterar a dinâmica da água e afectar a biodiversidade da flora e da fauna