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Early growth, backfat thickness and body condition has major effect on early heifer pregnancy in Nellore cattle.
No full textABSTRACT.- The aim was to evaluate the association between growth, carcass and visual scores traits with precocious calving in Nellore cattle. Birth weight (BW), weight at 120, 210, 365 and 450 days of age, pre and post-weaning average daily gain, rib eye area, backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness and visual scores obtained at 18 months were used for the analysis. Records from 700 females born between 2009 and 2015, exposed to mating starting at 11 months of age were analyzed. Discriminant analyzes were performed with the software Statistica. BW and BF showed the highest (P>0.01) discrimination value for early heifer pregnancy (EP). Extreme intrauterine growth retardation can result in slower growth, which reflects in the worst reproductive performance, confirmed by the variation in BW between precocious and conventional heifers. The results also demonstrate that the level of body fat affects begin of puberty. Bone structure, musculature, depth, tail insertion and rump scores presented the highest discrimination value for EP. These traits can be used as selection tools to improve sexual precocity in female Nellore cattle. The results obtained in this study would support farmers to guide the heifer management and decisions in order to enhance the EP
Data-driven R&D&I management for societal impacts: introduction and application of AgroRadarEval.
No full textABSTRACT.- Recognizing evaluation results as a crucial source of information to support RD&I management, this article introduces 'AgroRadarEval', an interactive tool aimed at fulfilling theoretical, conceptual, and practical gaps concerning the systematization of the use of evaluation results in agricultural RD&I. Aligned with the principles of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and Responsible Research Assessment (RRA), AgroRadarEval aims to support leaders and managers of RD&I in reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of organizational capacities, culture, collaborations, processes, and communications that underlie the use of evaluation results in agricultural RD&I. AgroRadarEval is built along three support pillars: Evaluation Capacity Building, Impact-Oriented Evaluation Culture, and Reflective Learning, and is operationalized through eight interconnected dimensions: 1. participation and collaboration, 2. skills development, 3. promotion of an evaluation culture, 4. continuous feedbackand adaptation, 5. integration with strategic planning, 6. monitoring, 7. influences of the external environment, and 8. communication. This study describes the development of the tool, its characteristics, illustrating its application in an agricultural RD&I organization. The study is targeted at leaders and managers of agricultural RD&I, evaluators, and researchers interested in research evaluation and enhancing the impact of RD&I. © Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Facultad de Economía y Negocios
Efficiency of assimilating leaf area index into a soybean model to assess within-field yield variability.
No full textABSTRACT.- Methods for accurately estimating within-field yield are essential to improve site-specific crop management and resource use efficiencies, which would be a major step toward sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. We set out to assess the accuracy of within-field soybean yields predicted by two data assimilation methods and to assess these methods? assimilation efficiency (AE). Yields were estimated by assimilating remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) data from Sentinel-2 into a soybean crop growth model on a pixel basis. The LAI data was integrated into the model by Ensemble Kalman Filtering (EnKF) or by recalibrating with the Subplex algorithm (recalibration-based). An open-loop setting which only integrates information on the soil layers was used as a baseline scenario for quantifying the AE. We assessed both data assimilation techniques on eight fields (3067 pixels) in the Corn Belt region (Nebraska, Kansas and Kentucky) in the United States. The data set encompassed substantial variation in crop growth conditions: three growing seasons (2018, 2019 and 2020), rainfed and irrigated fields, and early and late planting dates. Ground truth yield acquired from combine monitors was used to validate the yield estimations. Agreement between predicted and observed yield at pixel level was two times higher for both data assimilation methods compared to the open-loop. The root mean square error (RMSE) was 476 kg.ha-1 (RRMSE of 10 %) in the recalibration-based method and 573 kg.ha-1 (RRMSE of 12 %) in the EnKFbased method. For both data assimilation methods, assimilating the LAI improved predictions for 68 % of the pixels. For a further 12 % of pixels, there was no accuracy improvement. For the remaining 20 %, AE was positive for one of the two assimilation methods. The high proportion of pixels with positive AE indicates the potential for overcoming the limitations in applying crop models at high spatial resolution by integrating a crop growth indicator. Assimilating an in-season indicator of crop growth (LAI) into a soybean model made it possible to adjust the simulation pathway, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the yield estimations at the pixel level. This study elucidates the practical applications of data assimilation strategies for fine-scale within-field crop yield mapping. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V
RNAi para el control de Piezodorus guildinii en soja. [resumen].
No full textEn este trabajo, evaluamos el efecto in vivo de la administración de dsRNAs por inyección e ingesta en la viabilidad de P. guildinii como posible estrategia de control
Botanical composition gradients in silvopastoral systems on temperate native grasslands of Uruguay.
No full textABSTRACT.- Silvopastoral systems may provide important production and environmental benefits. The loss of cool-season (C3) grasses from temperate grazed native grasslands is associated with selective grazing and excessive solar radiation that limit their survival. Silvopastoral systems integrate trees with grasslands that provide shade to both cattle and herbaceous plants, potentially favoring C3 species. There is limited information about the effect of trees on the species and functional composition of native grasslands in the Campos biome in South America. The objectiveof this study was to detect gradients in the botanical composition of grasslands as affected by changes in the shade associated with distance to the trees and cardinal orientation in three situations defined by the combination of soil and tree species (Prosopis on Solonetz, Acacia on Brunisols, and Eucalyptus on Brunisols). Soil cover of the herbaceous species under trees was recorded in double transects located in the four cardinal directions. In all situations there were changes in pasture composition in the different shaded regions (total shade, partial shade, or full sun). Under the canopy, there was an increase of cool-season grasses such as Bromus catharticus Vahl, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Stipa hyalina (Nees) Barkworth,and S. setigera J.Presl. At greater distances from trees, cover of warm-season grasses, such as Axonopus affinis Chase and Paspalum notatum Flueggé increased. These gradients suggest that trees in silvopastoral systems can increase the abundance of cool-season species and potentially improve the forage nutritive value of the native pasture. © The Author(s) 2024, Springer Nature
About the origin of traditional sheep breeds from South America: a comprehensive investigation. (O346-oral presentation).
No full textABSTRACT.- These preliminary results could help in discovering the genetic makeup of the Creole sheep and in preventing uncontrolled cross-breedingin the future. -
Comparison of grain traits and genetic diversity between Chinese and Uruguayan soybeans (Glycine max L.).
No full textSoybeans (Glycine max L.), originating in China, were introduced to South America in the late 19th century after passing through North America. South America is now a major soybean-producing region, accounting for approximately 40% of the global soybean production. Crops like soybeans gradually adapt to the local climate and human-selected conditions, resulting in beneficial variations during cultivation in different regions. Comparing the phenotypic and genetic variations in soybeans across different regions is crucial to determining the variations that may enhance soybean productivity. This study identified seed-related traits and conducted a genetic diversity analysis using 46 breeding soybean varieties from China and Uruguay. Compared to the Chinese soybean germplasm, the Uruguayan equivalent had a lower 100-grain weight, higher oil content, lower protein content, and higher soluble sugar content. Using ZDX1 gene chips, genetic typing was performed on the 46 breeding varieties. Cluster analysis based on SNP sites revealed significant differences in the genetic basis of Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm. Selection analysis, including nucleotide polymorphism (?) and fixation indexes (Fst), identified several genomic regions under selection between Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm. The selected intervals significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms related to protein metabolism. Additionally, differentiation occurred in genes associated with the oil content, seed weight, and cyst nematodes between Sino-Uruguayan soybean germplasm, such as GmbZIP123 and GmSSS1. These findings highlight the differences in seed-related phenotypes between Sino-Uruguay soybean germplasm and provide genomic-level insights into the mechanisms behind phenotypic differences, offering valuable references for understanding soybean evolution and molecular breeding. Copyright © 2024 Sun, Zhang, Liu, Ceretta, Zhang, Guo, Li, Liu, Gu, Ao and Qiu
Un método práctico para ajustar la alimentación de vacas lecheras a pastoreo. (Tecnología)
No full textUn componente clave de los sistemas pastoriles exitosos es lograr una alta utilización del pasto producido, y convertirlo eficientemente a sólidos en leche. Para ello, se precisan herramientas que no solamente permitan gestionar el pasto a nivel del sistema, sino también integrar la oferta de pasto con la demanda de los animales, para planificar la dieta de los animales. En este artículo se presentará un método práctico de ajuste de la alimentación de vacas lecheras a pastoreo, que desde 2017 se viene usando en la Unidad de Lechería de INIA "La Estanzuela". El objetivo del método es usar lo más eficientemente posible el pasto producido cada semana, sea a través de su consumo directo por la vaca o mediante la confección de reservas de calidad
High capacity of integrated crop-pasture systems to preserve old stable carbon evaluated in a 60-year-old experiment.
No full textABSTRACT.- Integrated crop-pasture rotational systems can store larger soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in the topsoil (0-20?cm) than continuous grain cropping. The aim of this study was to identify if the main determinant for this difference may be the avoidance of old C losses in integrated systems or the higher rate of new C incorporation associated with higher C input rates. We analyzed the temporal changes of 0?20?cm SOC stocks in two agricultural treatments of different intensity (continuous annual grain cropping and crop?pasture rotational system) in a 60-year experiment in Colonia, Uruguay. © Author(s) 2024
Preferencias, motivaciones y cambios e nel consumo de carne en Uruguay.
No full textUruguay es reconocido por ser uno de los mayores exportadores y consumidores per cápita de carne roja del mundo. Las tendencias en el consumo de carne están influenciadas por cambios asociados a factores económicos, culturales, sociales, demográficos y psicológicos. A pesar de la importancia de la carne en la sociedad uruguaya, existen escasos estudios de investigación que evalúen las preferencias, motivaciones y cambios en su consumo