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IR056 (00017.6 x NY115). [Ficha técnica].
No full textIR056 es recomendada para la producción con destino al abastecimiento industrial, especialmente la producción de papas chips. Con ese objetivo, es posible la planificación de secuencias de cultivos en diferentes épocas (primavera, verano y otoño). Para consumo fresco, presenta muy buena calidad comercial y mantiene firmeza luego de hervida. Es necesario controlar la tendencia fuerte al verdeado. --- Ficha técnica: Características del tubérculo. Comportamiento sanitario. Características agronómicas. -- Manejo de Semilla. -- Siembra. -- Cultivo. -- Cosecha y almacenaje
Integrated rice-pasture systems sustainability in Uruguay.*
No full textIntegrated rice-livestock systems were key for a sustained yield increase with decent resource-use efficiency and environmental indicators during 50 yrs. in Uruguay. The increased trends for intensification in cropping systems may prompt rice-livestock systems for decoupling and losing synergies. We summarize evidence about the sustainability of rice-livestock systems in Uruguay using indicators from farm data and a long-term experiment
SMARTER-database: a tool to integrate SNP array datasets for sheep and goat breeds.
No full textABSTRACT.- Underutilized sheep and goat breeds can adapt to challenging environments due to their genetics. Integrating publicly available genomic datasets with new data will facilitate genetic diversity analyses; however, this process is complicated by data discrepancies, such as outdated assembly versions or different data formats. Here, we present the SMARTER-database, a collection of tools and scripts to standardize genomic data and metadata, mainly from SNP chip arrays on global small ruminant populations, with a focus on reproducibility. SMARTER-database harmonizes genotypes for about 12,000 sheep and 6,000 goats to a uniform coding and assembly version. Users can access the genotype data via File Transfer Protocol and interact with the metadata through a web interface or using their custom scripts, enabling efficient filtering and selection of samples. These tools will empower researchers to focus on the crucial aspects of adaptation and contribute to livestock sustainability, leveraging the rich dataset provided by the SMARTER-database. © 2024 GigaScience Press. All rights reserved. .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Availability and implementation:The code is available as open-source software under the MIT license at https://github.com/cnr-ibba/SMARTER-database
The irrigation effect on nuts' growth and yield of Carya illinoinensis.
No full textABSTRACT.Pecan trees require adequate soil moisture conditions to produce nuts with good yield and quality. Irrigation should be an important considered practice in orchards management plan, mainly in regions with water deficit periods. The objective of this research was to evaluate irrigation on pecan nuts growth and yield. This study was conducted in Uruguay, during the fast development phase until the pecan nuts harvest. Three irrigation treatments were used: 0 L (control), 70 L and 140 L plant-1 of water every two days, applied via drip irrigation in seven-year-old pecan trees of the cultivar Success. The number of nuts per cluster and nuts? diameter and length were evaluated during nut growth. After harvesting, peeled nuts? width and length were measured, and after peeling, the kernel length, width, height and filling and the kernel and peel percentage were evaluated. According to the results, it was possible to identify that periods of water deficit during pecan nuts development affected the kernel filling stageand size. Irrigation in pecan plants provides greater dimensions and nuts mass. With the use of 140 L plant-1, there was an increase in the nut mass of more than 100% in relation to the nuts from plants without irrigation
Feed conversion efficiency in sheep genetically selected for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes
No full textAbstract: Context. It has been indicated that there might be an antagonism between selection for gastrointestinal nematode resistance and high productivity and feed conversion efficiency in ruminants. Aims. This study aimed to determine whether genetic selection for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes would alter the feed intake and feed efficiency of sheep with or without an infection of Haemonchus contortus. Methods. Sixty-seven Corriedale lambs (357 14 days old) derived from flocks genetically selected to be resistant(n = 29) or susceptible (n = 38) to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) were evaluated for individual dry-matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). Considering bodyweight (BW), GIN line and sires, males were allotted to one of three outdoor pens and females to one of two, each pen being equipped with five automated feeding systems and two automatic weighing platforms to record individual feed intake and BW. Feed (lucerne haylage, crude protein 20.5%, metabolisable energy 9.2 MJ/kg DM) and water were offered ad libitum. The experiment was conducted in two periods. First, animals were maintained worm-free (14 days of acclimatisation and 44 days of records) and then, in Period 2 (42 days), animals were artificially infected with 6000 L3 of Haemonchus contortus. Worm egg counts were recorded on Days 9, 23, 27, 30, 42 post-infection. While DMI, FCR, average daily gain and BW were analysed using a generalised linear model including dams age, pen and GIN line as fixed effects, RFI was analysed including only GIN line. Key results. In both periods, GIN line did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect on DMI, FCR, RFI, average daily gain or BW. Worm egg count was different (P < 0.05) on Day 23 post-infection (Period 2), being higher in susceptible line. Conclusions. The most important finding of this study is that breeding GIN-resistant animals would not have a negative effect on feed conversion efficiency when evaluated as FCR or RFI in 1-year old lambs fed ad libitum with a high-protein diet. Implications. Breeding for resistance to internal nematodes does not affect feed efficiency or productivity
Variación estacional de la eficiencia en el uso de la radiación (EUR). [poster].
No full textRESUMEN.- Conocer la productividad primaria neta aérea (PPNA) de los principales recursos forrajeros con mayor precisión es crítico para objetivos productivos (producción de forraje) y de conservación (entradas de carbono al sistema). Los modelos ecofisiológicos que cuantifican la PPNA se basan en índices espectrales que estiman la radiación absorbida y la EUR. Generalmente la variación inter e intraespecífica de la EUR y su variación estacional es ignorada. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir dicha variación para coberturas de Festuca, alfalfa y pastizal
Frecuencia y severidad de defoliación de dos gramíneas invernales de campo natural. (PP 14). [Frequency and severity of defoliation of two winter grasses in a rangeland.]. [abstract].
No full textEn este trabajo se estudió el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre el consumo de forraje y los mecanismos de defoliación (frecuencia, severidad) en dos especies de gramíneas perennes invernales, en una pastura natural mantenida a un nivel relativamente estable de altura de la cubierta mediante carga animal variable
Promoción indirecta del crecimiento vegetal. [coordinadores Sesión 2]
No full textUna fracción sustantiva de la diversidad microbiana está íntimamente asociada a distintos órganos o compartimentos vegetales y contribuyen significativamente al crecimiento saludable de la planta por medio de mecanismos que reducen el impacto negativo de fitopatógenos
P2. Expresión de genes de Fusarium graminearum implicados en la producción de toxinas. [Poster]
No full textFusarium graminearum es un importante patógeno de granos y una de las principales especies asociadas a granos de sorgo en Uruguay. Este trabajo aporta información sobre la expresión de genes relacionados con la producción de toxinas de F. graminearum en presencia de sorgo en Uruguay
Agroecological consequences of silicon supplementation for a legume cultivation: Two-year-long field observations.
No full textABSTRACT.- Supplementing plants with silicon (Si) often improves plant productivity and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, but this is mostly reported in highly controlled experimental environments. The ecological consequences of Si supplementation, including environmental benefits and potential risks, are therefore poorly understood and require field-scale evaluation of how Si supplementation affects the wider ecosystem, such as invertebrate communities and soil physicochemical properties. We conducted the first field assessment of how a legume (lucerne; Medicago sativa) agroecosystem and its associated invertebrate communities responded to two levels of Si supplementation (calcium silicate slag), over two years. We quantified seasonal changes in the abundance and diversity of aboveground arthropod communities, crop yield, elemental and nutritional chemistry, and soil pH as well as soil chemistry. The highest rate of Si supplementation increased bioavailable Si in the soil by 181% and soil pH from 5.2 to 6.3, relative to untreated plots, with a significant positive correlation between increased soil bioavailable Si and pH. Si supplementation led to an increase in crop yield by up to 52%; however, the magnitude varied with season. Foliar concentrations of Si tended to increase with Si supplementation, but this increase was marginally significant, potentially due to a dilution effect of higher shoot biomass. Si supplementation did not affect concentrations of most soil elements we quantified or forage quality of lucerne. We recorded over 13,600 arthropods; Si supplementation led to a shift in community structure and overall increased diversity of arthropod functional groups. Notably, the saprophytic fly family, Lauxaniidae was more abundant on Si-supplemented plots compared to untreated plots, potentially due to increased plant turnover. These results indicate that silicon supplementation of a legume agroecosystem, using a by-product of steel production, provides productivity benefits that outweigh some possible detrimental impacts on the ecosystem (i.e. decreased arthropod abundances, toxic metal contamination or reduced forage quality), which we did not detect in our current field study. This management intervention enhances crop yield, so could reduce the need for conventional fertilisers as well as changing soil pH to be more beneficial to crops and some arthropod groups. © 2024 The Author