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An update in Claviceps paspali disease: a comprehensive analysis on field and greenhouse Paspalum spp. infection.
No full textABSTRACT.- Paspalum L. is a genus of the Poaceae family, with many species serving as well-adapted forage plants in subtropical climates and continuous grazing systems. However, Claviceps paspali, an ascomycete of the order Hypocreales, represents a major threat to Paspalum species. This fungus induces ergot disease, characterized by the replacement of infected flower seeds with sclerotia, which adversely affects seed production and animal health through mycotoxin production. Although ergot disease is reported in many countries, no totally resistant Paspalum cultivars have been reported for commercial use. This study comparatively evaluated disease development in six Paspalum species under greenhouse conditions with three specific isolates of C. paspali, along with field trials. In addition, field isolates of C. paspali were analyzed for phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. Greenhouse evaluation revealed variable susceptibility among Paspalum species, with P. malacophyllum,P. notatum and P. umbrosum being the most resistant. In field trials P. dilatatum showed the highest severity index, while P. umbrosum and P. malacophyllum were less affected. Phenotypic characterization of 22 C. paspali isolates showed variability in pigmentation and growth rates, with PDA being the culture medium where the highest growth rate was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates identified two well-supported lineages between C. paspali species. This research reports an ergot resistance gradient among Paspalum species, identifying genuine sources of resistance. In addition, virulent isolates of C. paspali potentially useful for rapid screening of accessions or crosses in Paspalum breeding programs were identified. © 2024 The American Phytopathological Societ
Informe para la Dirección Sectorial de Integración Educativa Área Gestión de Sistemas de Información. Enero 2025
Get PDFEn el marco del proyecto ANII - Fondo María Viñas (FMV_1_2021_1_166576)1 se analiza la asignación de estudiantes a centros educativos de educación media que se realizó en 2024 (para el ingreso de 2025).Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació
Correlations between Methane Emissions and Production Traits in Australian Merino Sheep. [Abstract & Poster].
No full textABSTRACT.- Variability of methane (CH4) emission in sheep and impact of selecting low emitting individuals are investigated as part of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. This study aimed to estimate the correlations between CH4 and different production traits in Australian Merino
Temperament of New Zealand and North American Holstein cows maintained in two different feeding strategies. [Temperamento de vacas Holando de origen neozelandés y norteamericano mantenidas en dos estrategias alimentarias diferentes]. [Temperamento de vacas Holandesas Neozelandesas e Norte-americanas mantidas sob duas diferentes estratégias alimentares].
No full textABSTRACT.- Genetics is a factor that influences the dairy cows' temperament. The objective of the present study was to compare the responses to different temperament tests of New Zealand (NZ) and North American (NA) Holstein cows maintained in two different feeding strategies. A total of 120 cows from the Experimental dairy farm of the National Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (in Spanish, INIA, Uruguay) were grouped into two Holstein strains. ------------------------ RESUMEN.- La genética es un factor que influye en el temperamento animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la respuesta a tres pruebas de temperamento de vacas Holando neozelandesas (NZ) y norteamericanas (NA) bajo dos estrategias de alimentación. Ciento veinte vacas de la Unidad Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, Uruguay) fueron agrupadas en una combinación de dos orígenes genéticos: NZ o NA, con dos estrategias de alimentación: Máximo pasto o Pasto fijo.. -------------------------------- RESUMO.- A genética é um fator que influencia o temperamento dos animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar vacas holandesas de linhagens neozelandesas (NZ) e norte-americanas (NA) quanto à reatividade avaliada por meio de três testes de temperamento. Foram avaliadas 120 vacas da Unidade Experimental do Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, Uruguai) de 4 grupos genéticos: NZ ou NA, mantidas sob duas estratégias alimentares: pastejo máximo ou pastejo fixo. @ 2025 Agrociencia Urugua
P43. Feromona del escarabajo de corteza Cyrtogenius luteus: identificación química y ensayo de campo. [Poster].
No full textLos escarabajos de corteza (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) son plagas forestales relevantes en bosques silvestres y plantados de pináceas a nivel mundial. Son transportados fácilmente en embalajes de madera, causando daños ecológicos o económicos en regiones no nativas. El escarabajo de corteza asiático Cyrtogenius luteus fue reportado en Uruguay en plantaciones de pinos en el año 2009. Con el objetivo de generar herramientas para un manejo específico y efectivo de C. luteus en plantaciones de pinos, se realizaron estudios para identificar su feromona de agregación
Classifying health issues in Eucalyptus miniclonal gardens in Uruguay. [abstract].
No full textClonal propagation is extensively used in the Eucalyptus pulp industry in Uruguay. Mother plants are maintained in clonal minigardens and they constitute the source of cuttings that are harvested continuously and sent to shaded greenhouses for rooting. Environmental conditions within the minigarden are optimized for plant growth, but such conditions can also promote the emergence of pests and diseases which can affect the mother plants and impair cutting production
Elevated atmospheric CO2 suppresses silicon accumulation and exacerbates endophyte reductions in plant phosphorus. [Dataset].
No full textMany temperate grasses are both hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si) and hosts of Epichloë fungal endophytes, functional traits which may alleviate environmental stresses such as herbivore attack. Si accumulation and endophyte infection may operate synergistically, but this has not been tested in a field setting, nor in the context of changing environmental conditions. Predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations can affect both Si accumulation and endophyte function, but these have not been studied in combination. We investigated how elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), Si supplementation, endophyte-presence and insect herbivory impacted plant growth, stoichiometry (C, N, P and Si), leaf gas exchange (rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates) and endophyte production of anti-herbivore defences (alkaloids) of an important pasture grass (tall fescue; Lolium arundinaceum) in the field. Copyright (c) 2023 Drya
Diversidad de cianobacterias en cuerpos de agua de uso agropecuario: desafíos, oportunidades y abordaje molecular.
No full textEste artículo aporta información sobre diversidad de especies de cianobacterias y cianotoxinas presentes en distintos cuerpos de agua del país, tanto para evaluar el riesgo de intoxicación como para identificar cepas nativas con potenciales aplicaciones biotecnológicas
PL-3 Pass, present and future of Merino in Argentina and Uruguay. [conference abstract].
No full textMerino breed in Uruguay: The Merino breed was introduced to Uruguay in the 19th century (1875) when a family of Basque-French immigrants arrived in the country with their flock. In 1901, the first pedigree imports were recorded in the Rural Association of Uruguay (ARU, 2021). Imports of pedigree animals from Argentina began in 1903, in 1911 from the USA and in 1924 the first rams were imported from Australia. The Australian variety was imported to Uruguay through two English companies based in Argentine Patagonia. In its beginnings, the Merino breed was used to cross with animals of thick wool breeds such as Lincoln and Romney Marsh, producing the renowned "Río de la Plata wool". In 1943, the SCMAU was founded, its first president being Dr. Domingo Bordaberry. Since that date, it has had uninterrupted growth, going from 4% to more than 38% of the national stock today (ARU, 2021)
Transcriptional analysis of C-repeat binding factors in fruit of citrus species with differential sensitivity to chilling injury during postharvest storage.
No full textABSTRACT.Citrus fruit are sensitive to chilling injury (CI) during cold storage, a peel disorder that causes economic losses. C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) are related to cold acclimation and tolerance in different plants. To explore the role of Citrus CBFs in fruit response to cold, an in silico study was performed, revealing three genes (CBF1, CBF2, and CBF3) whose expression in CI sensitive and tolerant cultivars was followed. Major changes occurred at the early stages of cold exposure (1?5 d). Interestingly, CBF1 was the most stimulated gene in the peel of CI-tolerant cultivars (Lisbon lemon, Star Ruby grapefruit, and Navelina orange), remaining unaltered in sensitive cultivars (Meyer lemon, Marsh grapefruit, and Salustiana orange). Results suggest a positive association of CBF1 expression with cold tolerance in Citrus cultivars (except for mandarins), whereas the expression of CBF2 or CBF3 genes did not reveal a clear relationship with the susceptibility to CI. Light avoidance during fruit growth reduced postharvest CI in most sensitive cultivars, associated with a rapid and transient enhance in the expression of the three CBFs. Results suggest that CBFs-dependent pathways mediate at least part of the cold tolerance responses in sensitive Citrus, indicating that CBF1 participates in the natural tolerance to CI