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Malezas en sistemas ganaderos y agrícolas. (Capítulo 6).
No full textLas malezas son plantas no deseadas que se desarrollan fuera de lugar e interfieren con las actividades o el bienestar humano (WSSA, 1956). ---- 1. Introducción. --1.1. Contextualización de la problemática de malezas. -- 1.2. Las malezas y el uso de herbicidas en Uruguay. -- 2. Abordaje actual del manejo de malezas. -- 2.1. Sistemas ganaderos. -- 2.2. Sistemas agrícolas. -- 3. Tecnología propuesta. -- 3.1. Sistema ganadero. Manejo integrado de malezas. -- 3.2. Sistemas agrícolas. Uso de cultivos de cobertura y rolado en el manejo de malezas. -- 4. Mejoras a partir del uso/de la implementación de la tecnología propuesta. -- 4.1. Sistema ganadero. Efectos directos e indirectos del control de malezas. -- 4.2. Sistemas agrícolas. -- Densidad de siembra de avena negra y control de malezas. -- Rolado como método de terminación en avena negra. -- 5. Nuevas tecnologías y perspectivas. -- 5.1. Uso de Paspalum notatum INIA Sepé para el manejo de capín Annoni. -- 5.2. Aplicaciones de precisión para el manejo de malezas. -
P19. Caracterización de una colección nacional de Pseudomonas obtenidas de yemas de flor del peral. [Poster].
No full textLa necrosis de la yema de flor del peral (NYFP) incide negativamente en la producción de pera en Uruguay y en otras regiones del mundo. Se manifiesta afectando parcial o totalmente las yemas de flor del peral y su ocurrencia es variable entre años. En Uruguay se han realizado diversos estudios para determinar las causas del problema, descartándose algunos factores abióticos (insuficiencia de frío) y bióticos (daño por insectos, hongos). En este trabajo se presenta la caracterización fenotípica de una colección nacional de aislados bacterianos (n= 87), realizada con el fin de determinar la/s especie/s bacterianas presentes en nuestros montes de pera cv. William
Correction: Botanical composition gradients in silvopastoral systems on temperate native grasslands of Uruguay.
No full textCorrection to: Agroforest Systems, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-024-01027-
Sensitivity of nitrogen losses to interannual climate variation in subtropical hybrid dairy systems. [poster].
No full textThis study provides insights into N losses in hybrid dairy systems, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies to minimize environmental impacts, considering the diverse spatiotemporal responses across different farmland uses and covers
Cultivo de tejidos vegetales y sus aplicaciones en el mejoramiento de cultivos.
No full textEste artículo plantea una introducción al cultivo de tejidos vegetales como herramienta de apoyo al mejoramiento genético vegetal, así como las principales líneas de investigación en las cuales se trabaja en el laboratorio de Biotecnología de INIA Las Brujas
A data-driven methodological routine to identify key indicators for social-ecological system archetype mapping.
No full textABSTRACT.- The spatial mapping of social-ecological system (SES) archetypes constitutes a fundamental tool to operationalize the SES concept in empirical research. Approaches to detect, map, and characterize SES archetypes have evolved over the last decade towards more integrative and comparable perspectives guided by SES conceptual frameworks and reference lists of variables. However, hardly any studies have investigated how to empirically identify the most relevant set of indicators to map the diversity of SESs. In this study, we propose a data-driven methodological routine based on multivariate statistical analysis to identify the most relevant indicators for mapping and characterizing SES archetypes in a particular region. Taking Andalusia (Spain) as a case study, we applied this methodological routine to 86 indicators representing multiple variables and dimensions of the SES. Additionally, we assessed how the empirical relevance of these indicators contributes to previous expert and empirical knowledge on key variables for characterizing SESs. We identified 29 key indicators that allowed us to map 15 SES archetypes encompassing natural, mosaic, agricultural, and urban systems, which uncovered contrasting land sharing and land sparing patterns throughout the territory. We found synergies but also disagreements between empirical and expert knowledge on the relevance of variables: agreement on their widespread relevance (32.7% of the variables, e.g. crop and livestock production, net primary productivity, population density); relevance conditioned by the context or the scale (16.3%, e.g. land protection, educational level); lack of agreement (20.4%, e.g. economic level, land tenure); need of further assessments due to the lack of expert or empirical knowledge (30.6%). Overall, our data-driven approach can contribute to more objective selection of relevant indicators for SES mapping, which may help to produce comparable and generalizable empirical knowledge on key variables for characterizing SESs, as well as to derive more representative descriptions and causal factor configurations in SES archetype analysis. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
Management and productivity of key integrated crop-livestock system's in Uruguay: The Palo a Pique long-term experiments third phase.
No full textAbstract: Integrated Crop Livestock Systems (ICLSs) use productive diversification as a strategy to improve productivity and land use efficiency. Pasture Crop Rotations are a part of ICLSs and imply a pasture phase included in the sequence of crops. The main reasons to include pastures in crop systems are low productivity of natural grasslands and increased crop yield after a pasture phase. Our objective was to analyze the productivity indicators and management of four ICLSs that combine crop and livestock production, with data collected over a 3 y period (2019?2022). The experimental site was The Palo a Pique (Treinta y Tres, Uruguay) long-term experiment installed in 1995, located in the subtropical climate zone and on Oxyaquic Argiudolls soils (3% average slope). Systems evaluated were CC (continuous cropping), SR (two years idem CC, two years of pastures), LR (two years idem CC, four years of pastures) and FR (continuous pasture with Tall Fescue). Liveweight (LW) production, grain production and dry matter (DM) production were evaluated. Liveweight production was higher in CC and SR (426 and 418 kg LW/ha) than in LR (369 kg LW/ha) and FR (310 kg LW/ha). DM production was higher in FR and SR (6867 and 5763 kg DM/ha/year) than in LR (5399 kg DM/ha/year) and CC (5206 kg DM/ha/year). Grain production was 10%, 16% and 9% lower in soybean, wheat and sorghum in CC
Desarrollo de films a partir de polímeros lignocelulósicos para el encapsulamiento de bioinsumos de uso agrícola. O16.
No full textEl cultivo de soja en Uruguay es uno de los principales cultivos del país, sin embargo, su rendimiento se ve afectado fuertemente por la presencia de plagas y enfermedades. Una forma de mitigar estos efectos adversos es a través de la utilización de bioinsumos microbianos aplicados en recubrimientos de semillas
Abundancia mitocondrial hepática en dos genotipos holstein en pastoreo.
No full textResumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la abundancia mitocondrial hepática en dos genotipos Holstein en un sistema pastoril durante lactancia media-tardía. Para este trabajo se utilizaron vacas del genotipo Holstein neozelandés y del genotipo Holstein norteamericano, las mismas pastorearon una pastura mixta de Medicago sativa y Dactylis glomerata y suplementadas con concentrados y reservas forrajeras. Se tomaron biopsias de hígado y se analizó la expresión génica del factor de transcripción peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (controlador maestro de la biogénesis mitocondrial; PPARGC1A), la actividad citrato sintasa y la relación ADN mitocondrial / ADN nuclear. No se encontraron diferencias entre genotipos en la expresión de PPARGC1A, sin embargo, tanto la actividad citrato sintasa como la relación ADN mitocondrial / ADN nuclear fueron mayores para el genotipo Holstein neozelandés. Una mayor abundancia mitocondrial es clave para el mantenimiento de la homeostasis energética, elemento crucial para la mejor adaptación a los cambios fisiológicos.Summary:The aim of this work was to determine the hepatic mitochondrial abundance in two Holstein genotypes in a pastoral system during mid-late lactation. For this study, cows of the New Zealand Holstein genotype and the North American Holstein genotype were used. Cows grazed a mixed pasture of Medicago sativa and Dactylis glomerata and were supplemented with concentrate and forage reserves. Liver biopsies were taken and the gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha – (a master regular of mitochondrial biogenesis, PPARGC1A) transcription factor, the citrate synthase activity, and the mitochondrial DNA / nuclear DNA ratio were analyzed. No differences were found between genotypes in the expression of PPARGC1A, however, both citrate synthase activity and the mitochondrial DNA / nuclear DNA ratio were higher for the New Zealand Holstein genotype. Greater mitochondrial abundance is key to maintaining energy homeostasis, a crucial element for a better adaptation to physiological changes
Does dam nutrition during prepubertal phase affect muscle gene expression in male foetal progeny?. [Poster].
No full textThere is some evidence for transgenerational effects on progeny of fluctuations in nutrient intake of their dams. However, there is no information on whether such effects can be carried over to the next generation, when the original dietary fluctuations were incurred during the pre-pubertal period. The objective of this study was to determine if maternal diet during the prepubertal phase would affect the expression of key genes related to muscle development and growth in male foetuses