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P7. Evolución de la virulencia de la población de Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici en Uruguay. [Poster].
No full textLa roya estriada del trigo, causada por Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), es una de las enfermedades más devastadoras del trigo a nivel mundial. En este trabajo se estudió la evolución de la virulencia de Pst a partir de datos genotípicos y fenotípicos de una muestra de 27 aislamientos colectados en Uruguay entre el 2017 y el 2021
Jornada de campo: "Ganadería en zona baja: al mal tiempo buenas decisiones". Unidad Experimental Paso de La Laguna - INIA Treinta y Tres.
No full textEste año, la jornada de campo de la Unidad de Producción Arroz-Ganadería (UPAG 2) de Paso de la Laguna (INIA Treinta y Tres) se focalizó en la fase ganadera de estos sistemas y contó con la participación de productores arroceros y ganaderos, así como técnicos de instituciones y empresas
Identificación por catálogo y detección molecular de bovinos Holstein portadores de braquiespina en Uruguay. [Identification through sire catalogues analysis and molecular detection of brachyspina carriers in Uruguayan Holstein.]
No full textRESUMEN. El síndrome de braquiespina es una condición genética de la raza Holstein, detectada en el año 2006. Es causado por una deleción de 3.3 Kb en el gen FANCI localizado en el cromosoma bovino 21. La mutación fue identificada en poblaciones de Holstein de Europa, América del Norte y Asia. Dada la importancia económica del defecto y su amplia distribución mundial, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido la identificación de animales portadores en el núcleo de selección genética de la raza en Uruguay y el diagnóstico molecular del alelo deletéreo en animales del rodeo nacional. En el presente estudio se analizaron 2598 registros de toros Holstein del catálogo de padres del sistema de evaluación genética lechera, los registros de toros pertenecientes a los catálogos de semen Holstein disponible para Uruguay de los años 2014 al 2018; y 71 vacas pertenecientes al rodeo general. Se encontraron 28 toros portadores de braquiespina de un total de 377 toros con información genética del catálogo de padres y cuatro vacas portadoras de un total de 71 genotipificadas en nuestro laboratorio. Se demostró una disminución en el ingreso de semen de animales portadores al país entre los años 2014 y 2018. La frecuencia significativa de animales portadores en Uruguay evidencia la necesidad de implementar estrategias que permitan eliminar gradualmente el defecto de la población..-.-.-.-.-.-.-.SUMMARY. Brachyspina syndrome is a hereditary recessive disease of recent identification in the Holstein breed. It is caused by a deletion of 3.3Kb in the FANCI gene located in the bovine chromosome 21. The mutation was identified in Holstein populations of Europe, North America and Asia. Given the economic importance of the defect and its wide distribution, the objective of this work was the identification of carrier animals in the genetic selection nucleus of the breed in Uruguay and the molecular verification of the deleterious allele in animals of the national herd. In the present study, 2598 records of Holstein bulls were analyzed from the list of parents of the dairy genetic evaluation system, records of bulls belonging to the Holstein semen catalogs available for Uruguay from 2014 to 2018; and 71 cows belonging to the general herd. Twenty-eight brachyspina carrier bulls were found of a total of 377 bulls with genetic information from the list of parents and four carrier cows of a total of 71 genotyped in our laboratory. A decrease in the income of semen from carrier animals to the country between 2014 and 2018 was demonstrated. The significant frequency of carrier animals in Uruguay evidences the need to implement strategies to gradually eliminate the population defect
Conceptos generales de los suplementos.
No full textA grandes rasgos, los suplementos pueden ser clasificados en seis grandes clases: (1) forrajes y alimentos groseros, (2) ensilajes, (3) suplementos energéticos, (4) suplementos proteicos, (5) suplementos minerales y/o vitamínicos y (6) aditivos (Cozzolino, 2000). A continuación, se menciona información general sobre los suplementos energéticos y proteicos, por ser los más utilizados en el país y base de la mayoría de los trabajos de investigación presentados en esta misma publicación
O-053 Pathological and immunohistochemical evidence of a possible Francisellaceae family member causing ovine abortion in Uruguay: Should we be concerned about tularemia in South America?. [conference abstract].
No full textThe Francisellaceae family comprises gram-negative coccobacilli, with four currently recognized genera, of which only Francisella is of clinical relevance. Francisella tularensis is the type and most studied species, as it causes tularemia, a highly transmissible, potentially life-threatening zoonotic disease
Resistencia en parásitos gastrointestinales a los antihelmínticos en ganado para carne en Uruguay.
No full textAnte la necesidad de contar con información actualizada sobre la presencia y distribución de los parasitosis gastrointestinales (PGI) de bovinos en Uruguay, este trabajo se planteó un conjunto de objetivos vinculados al análisis de los principales PGI presentes en los rodeos de cría y el estudio y cuantificación de la resistencia a los antihelmínticos en los PGI en bovinos para carne
Influence of Cultivar on Nutritional Composition and Nutraceutical Potential of Pecan Growing in Uruguay.
No full textABSTRACT. - Composition and antioxidant properties of sixteen pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] cultivars grown simultaneously in a single experimental orchard in Uruguay were evaluated to characterize their nutritional properties and nutraceutical potential. The percentage of oil, moisture, ash, minerals, and proteins were determined and also the fatty acid profile. Total phenolic compounds [18-41 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/g], condensed tannin [2-12 mg catechin equivalents (CEs)/g], and tocopherols (110-163 ?g/g) contents were estimated in nut kernels. Total phenolic compounds (32-117 mg GAE/g), condensed tannins (130-357 mg CE/g), and total anthocyanins (1-3 mg 3-glucoside cyanidin/g) were also determined for pecan shells. The antioxidant activity in shells [57.15-578.88 ?mol Trolox equivalents (TEs)/g] was 5 times higher compared with the kernels (23.15-156.60 ?mol TEs/g) measured with hydrophilic ORAC. Bioactive compounds concentrations present statistically significant genetic variability between cultivars studied (p < 0.05). The presence of phenolic compounds was related with high-antioxidant capacity in kernels and shells, and a strong correlation between content of total phenolic compounds and condensed tannins in pecan shells was found. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) show association between cultivars and the observed variables. The nutritional profile in the different cultivars showed the trends described in other countries, but this work shows some significant differences that could be attributed to the specific edaphoclimatic conditions of cultivation in Uruguay. Copyright © 2022 Ferrari, Gil, Heinzen, Zoppolo and Ibáñez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) and genome editing to support a sustainable livestock.
No full textThis article provides an overview of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and genome engineering to improve livestock production systems for the contribution of global sustainability. Most ruminant production systems are conducted on grassland conditions, as is the case of South American countries that are leaders in meat and milk production worldwide with a well-established grass-feed livestock. These systems have many strengths from an environmental perspective and consumer preferences but requires certain improvements to enhance resource efficiency. Reproductive performance is one of the main challenges particularly in cow-calf operations that usually are conducted under adverse conditions and thus ART can make a great contribution. Fixed-time artificial insemination is applied in South America in large scale programs as 20 to 30% of cows receive this technology every year in each country, with greater calving rate and significant herd genetic gain occurred in this region. Sexed semen has also been increasingly implemented, enhancing resource efficiency by a) obtaining desired female replacement and improving animal welfare by avoiding newborn male sacrifice in dairy industry, or b) alternatively producing male calves for beef industry. In vitro embryo production has been massively applied, with this region showing the greatest number of embryos produced worldwide leading to significant improvement in herd genetics and productivity. Although the contribution of these technologies is considerable, further improvements will be required for a significant livestock transformation and novel biotechnologies such as genome editing are already available. Through the CRISPR/Cas-based system it is possible to enhance food yield and quality, avoid animal welfare concerns, overcome animal health threats, and control pests and invasive species harming food production. In summary, a significant enhancement in livestock productivity and resource efficiency can be made through reproductive technologies and genome editing, improving at the same time profitability for farmers, and global food security and sustainability. © The Author(s)
Uso de avena negra y rolado en el manejo de malezas.
No full textEl uso combinado de avena negra como cultivo d de cobertura y el rolado conforman una interesante estrategia de manejo integrado de malezas. De esta forma, pueden reducir la dependencia de herbicidas y contribuir a la mejora de la sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos de Uruguay
Global epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 insights from Ecuadorian genomic data.
No full textABSTRACT.- Tuberculosis is a global public health concern, and understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission routes and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis is crucial for outbreak control. This study aimed to explore the genomic epidemiology and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Ecuador by analyzing 88 local isolates and 415 public genomes from 19 countries within the Euro-American lineage (L4). Our results revealed significant genomic diversity among the isolates, particularly in the genes related to protein processing, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism. The population structure analysis showed that sub-lineages 4.3.2/3 (35.4%), 4.1.2.1 (22.7%), 4.4.1 (12.7%), and 4.1.1. (10.7%) were the most prevalent. Phylogenetic and transmission network analyses suggest that these isolates circulating within Ecuador share genetic ties with isolates from other continents, implying historical and ongoing intercontinental transmission events. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating genomic data into public health strategies for tuberculosis control and suggest that enhanced genomic surveillance is essential for understanding and mitigating the global spread of M. tuberculosis. This study provides a comprehensive genomic framework for future epidemiological investigations and control measures targeting M. tuberculosis L4 in Ecuador. © 2025. The Author(s)