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    From omics to enhanced fungal virulence: Overexpression of a putative secreted protein improves Beauveria bassiana biocontrol potential against the insect pests Piezodorus guildinii and Tenebrio molitor.

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    ABSTRACT.- The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is widely used as a biocontrol agent, but its efficacy varies depending on the target insect species. Piezodorus guildinii, a major soybean pest, exhibits low susceptibility to B. bassiana. Thus, biocontrol of this pest requires improving virulence of B. bassiana. Here, we used genomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify novel genes associated with the enhanced virulence of B. bassiana strain ILB308 when exposed to the insect epicuticular hydrocarbon n-pentadecane. Comparative analysis with the lower-virulence strain ILB205 revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to genetic information process pathways and immune evasion. Among these DEGs, we identified BbCBM_1, a secreted carbohydrate-binding protein, as a candidate virulence factor. Overexpression of BbCBM9_1 in ILB205 led to enhanced virulence against P. guildinii and Tenebrio molitor, as well as improved conidial germination, tolerance to oxidative and cell wall stress, and increased growth in nutrient-rich and glycerol-supplemented media. This demonstrates that the enhanced virulence observed in ILB308 grown on n-pentadecane can be replicated by overexpressing an associated gene in a low-virulence strain. Our study, highlights the potential of integrating transcriptomics and targeted genetic modifications to optimize fungal biocontrol agents for improved pest management

    Modelación del balance de carbono y nitrógeno en el suelo y gases de efecto invernadero en sistemas agrícolas y ganaderos.

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    La calibración local de modelos biofísicos de agroecosistemas contribuye al desarrollo de herramientas para: 1) la estimación cuantitativa de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) y de las existencias de carbono en el suelo en sistemas de producción con intensidad variable en cuanto al uso y manejo del suelo; 2) dar apoyo a los reportes nacionales de inventarios de GEI en el ámbito internacional; y 3) brindar soporte para la toma de decisiones y la generación de políticas públicas de manejo y conservación de suelos

    El rol de los cultivos de servicio en la mejora de la economía del nitrógeno.

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    Transitar por un proceso de intensificación sostenible requiere planificar la diversidad del sistema agrícola con el objetivo de maximizar la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos naturales y minimizar el uso de fuentes de energía de origen fósil. Los cultivos de servicio (CS) son una herramienta valiosa en este proceso, ya que mejoran la economía del nitrógeno (N) e impactan directamente en la rentabilidad de los cultivos

    FPTA 353: Culmina una etapa y se evoluciona a una vitivinicultura cada vez más sostenible.

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    Al cierre del proyecto, representantes de las diferentes instituciones valoran los logros alcanzados durante su ejecución, con foco en la certificación de uva sostenible, el trabajo colaborativo entre instituciones y la proyección del sector fuera del país

    Conyza bonariensis' resistance to glyphosate, diclosulam, and chlorimuron: confirmation and alternative control for the first case of multiple and cross-resistance in Uruguay.

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    ABSTRACT.- Conyza bonariensis L. (hairy fleabane) is a significant weed in production systems, especially due to its evolving resistance to various herbicides. In Uruguay, control failures of C. bonariensis have been reported following the use of glyphosate and ALS inhibitors. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of the multiple and cross-resistance of C. bonariensis to glyphosate, chlorimuron, and diclosulam, and to assess the efficacy of alternative herbicides against these resistant biotypes. Seeds were collected from sites where plants had survived herbicide applications during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Following initial screenings, biotypes were selected to establish independent dose-response curves for glyphosate, diclosulam, and chlorimuron. For each herbicide, four biotypes of C. bonariensis were tested: one susceptible (S), two putatively moderately resistant (MR) biotypes, and one putatively highly resistant (R) biotype. In each assay, eight herbicide doses were used (1/32; 1/16; 1/8; 1/2; 1; 2; and 4X for S and MR biotypes, and 1/8; 1/2; 1; 2; 4; 8; and 16X for R biotypes) based on the recommended dose (1x) for each herbicide, with four repetitions per treatment. Each assay was completely replicated twice. Resistance was confirmed through testing in two plant generations (G1 and G2). The findings reveal high levels of multiple and cross-resistance in C. bonariensis to glyphosate, diclosulam, and chlorimuron. In general, herbicides with alternative action mechanisms effectively controlled C. bonariensis exhibiting multiple and cross-resistance. This study confirms the first case of C. bonariensis cross-resistance to diclosulam and chlorimuron, and the first occurrence of multiple and cross-resistance to glyphosate, diclosulam, and chlorimuron in this species. © 2023 by the authors

    Accumulated effects of contrasting phosphorus balances in the evolution of soil available phosphorus. [abstract].

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    The objective was to evaluate the relationship between P balance (P fertilization minus P removal in grain) on the evolution of soil Pavailability (P Bray I analysis)

    Achaparramiento del maíz en Uruguay: análisis del estado actual y estrategias de mitigación.

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    Durante la temporada pasada de cultivos de verano en Uruguay se detectaron casos con síntomas compatibles con el achaparramiento delmaíz, una enfermedad provocada por cuatro patógenos transmitidos por la chicharrita Dalbulus maidis, comúnmente conocida como "chicharrita delmaíz". En dicha zafra, la chicharrita se expandió desde el norte hacia el sur del país en mayor medida, favorecida por las condiciones climáticas

    Estrategias para la reducción de la huella de carbono: metodología de abordaje para sistemas de producción lechera.

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    INIA y Conaprole trabajan juntos en el análisis de la huella de carbono de los sistemas de producción lecheros y en la elaboración de una metodología para desarrollar estrategias para su reducción

    Identification of unexpected Mycobateria in feline and canine cutaneous lesions by PCR on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. [abstract].

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    We report cutaneous mycobacterial infections in a cat and a dog with unexpected mycobacteria identified by PCR on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skin biopsy tissues. A 2-year-old indoor domestic cat from Pennsylvania, USA had subcutaneous nodules in the axillae, hindlimbs, and along the ventrum. Biopsy showed nodular histiocytic infiltrates with abundant intracellular acid-fast bacilli and mycobacterial immunolabeling, compatible with feline lepromatous leprosy

    Evaluación de suplementos nutricionales para mejorar la salud y productividad de colmenas de abejas melíferas, en forestaciones de Eucalyptus grandis. 122. (resúmen)

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    Entre las principales causas de pérdidas de colmenas de abejas Apis melíferas a nivel mundial se encuentra la deficiencia nutricional y problemas sanitarios. La hipótesis del presente trabajo consiste en que la suplementación proteica de colonias de abejas melíferas, antes y durante su estadía en plantaciones de Eucalyptus grandis, afecta la salud de las mismas, reflejándose en la fortaleza y productividad de la colmena

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