19684 research outputs found
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Solar driven calcium-looping for thermochemical energy storage system and carbon capture in power and cement industry:A review
No full textDecarbonizing the energy and industrial sectors is critical for climate change mitigation. Solar-driven calcium looping (CaL) has emerged as a promising thermochemical energy storage (TCES) and carbon capture technology, particularly for fossil fuel power plants and energy-intensive industries like cement production. This review comprehensively examines the latest developments and challenges in reactor design, process integration, and system optimization of solar-CaL systems for TCES and the deep decarbonization of the power generation and cement industries. The review discusses recent advancements in reactor designs, including directly irradiated fluidized beds and advanced solid particle receivers, along with enhanced sorbent materials that enhance CaL performance. Additionally, it explores process integration techniques such as heat recovery, storage, and pressure swing approaches to maximize efficiency. Numerical simulation tools, high-temperature experiments, and advanced characterization techniques are considered vital for optimizing receiver-reactor systems by providing insights into particle dynamics, heat transfer, and reaction mechanisms. While encouraging laboratory-scale experiments achieve high reaction rates, conversions, and efficiency, pilot-scale testing under intermittent, realistic operating conditions remains limited. Challenges persist in areas like reactor design, sorbent durability, heat transfer, scalability, and techno-economic feasibility. To address these challenges, the review highlights the importance of multi-scale modeling and pilot-scale demonstrations to enhance system performance and economic viability. The review concludes by highlighting the global momentum for the implementation of solar-driven CaL, with several 100 kW – 1 MW scale pilot facilities demonstrating the growing maturity of the technology. With continued research, development, and deployment efforts, solar-driven CaL holds immense potential to become a leading decarbonization technology for the power generation and cement industry and enable efficient and cost-effective concentrated solar power systems with integrated TCES, paving the way for a sustainable energy future.</p
What psychological and socio-demographic factors can influence people’s intention to use ridesharing during the war? A case study in Ukraine
No full textPublic transport services can be disrupted by natural or human-made crises, such as the recent war in Ukraine. Ridesharing has the potential to be used as an alternative to public transport during such crises. However, peoples’ attitudes and intentions towards ridesharing during war has not been studied. This study aims to address this critical gap by collecting and analysing travel behaviour data in two Ukrainian cities: Kyiv and Odessa. Exploratory factor analysis identified ten factors influencing ridesharing, namely: attitudes, perceived behavioural control, subjective norm, ease of use, usefulness, moral norms, trust, perceived safety, emotions, and discrimination. Then, a combined conceptual model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and the Technology Acceptance Model was proposed, to incorporate potential psychological and socio-demographic in the context of a war situation. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the causal relationships between these factors and ridesharing. In the context of war, perceived ‘usefulness’ affected attitudes, while perceived ‘ease of use’ influenced perceived behavioural control. Moral norms strongly impacted the ridesharing intention; trust influenced attitudes; and gender played a major role by indirectly affecting ridesharing intention. This can provide transport planners and policy-makers with insights as to how ridesharing can be more attractive and become a genuine tool for enhancing human mobility resilience
User Identification and Verification based on Auditory Evoked Potentials Using CNN
No full textIn recent years, researchers have focused on the biometric applications of bioelectrical signals, particularly electroencephalograms (EEG), to enhance information security. Using EEG as a biometric offers advantages that cannot be forgotten or forged. One approach to utilizing EEG signals for biometric purposes involves recording auditory evoked potentials (AEP). AEPs are electrical potentials that arise in response to auditory stimulation in the cerebral cortex. These signals are stimulus-dependent and can vary with the auditory stimulus, allowing these signals to be employed even if the registered signal was compromised. In this paper, discriminative features are extracted and classified using convolutional neural networks. A dataset recorded from 20 users using auditory stimulation is analyzed. The reported results demonstrate a classification accuracy of 98.99% in identification mode and an equal error rate of 1.18% in verification mode. These outcomes showcase the proposed method’s high accuracy, marking an improvement over existing methods. Furthermore, the system’s practicality is enhanced by utilizing fewer channels, and its performance is assessed by reducing the number of channels.</p
The transition of leadership via accounting practices:the case of a Chinese entrepreneurial firm
Get PDFPurpose: Accounting changes that take place in the context of different leadership styles, especially in SMEs, require further investigation. This paper aims to explore how accounting enhances monitoring and control for legalistic leaders and how accounting changes facilitate leadership transition to resolve accounting issues and emotional conflicts within entrepreneurial firms. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopts a case study in a Chinese entrepreneurial firm to explore the relationship between accounting changes and leadership behaviours rooted in the traditional Chinese philosophies. Findings: Legalistic leaders enhance monitoring and control, through the flow and interpretation of accounting information, to retain power. However, rule-based accounting order, with rewards and punishment, may create emotional conflicts. The difficulties of implementing accounting changes facilitate legalistic leaders to embrace transformational leadership to resolve trust, emotional conflicts and accounting issues. Originality/value: This paper provides insights into the transition of leadership styles in the process of implementing accounting changes in the Chinese context, which contributes to future comparative leadership and accounting practices with Western philosophies.</p
Lubricity Monitoring of Engine Bearing Rotor System Based on Enhanced Vibration Analysis
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