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Evaluation of Immune Status in Two Cohorts of Atlantic Salmon Raised in Different Aquaculture Systems (Case Study)
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Photoperiod in recirculation aquaculture systems and timing of seawater transfer affect seawater growth performance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Get PDFProduction of Atlantic salmon smolts in recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) is growing, and novel production protocols using continuous light in RAS are being implemented in the industry. In the present study, Atlantic Salmon parr were exposed to either a traditional protocol (short-day winter signal [12:12 L:D] for 6 weeks) or to continuous light. Both photoperiods were applied in freshwater (FW) and brackish water RAS. Salmon from all treatments were transferred to seawater pens at 200 and 600 g and grown until slaughter size. A control group was smoltified with a 6-week short-day winter signal and kept in FW until sea transfer at 100 g. Continuous light gave a higher growth rate in RAS but reduced feed intake and growth and increased feed conversion ratio during the first 8 weeks in seawater. However, at slaughter, fish exposed to continuous light was bigger than fish given a winter signal because of the higher growth rate in RAS. Slaughter weight was lowest in fish transferred to sea at 600 g, despite having the highest day-degree sum during their life span. The best performing group was the control group transferred at 100 g. All treatments handled transfer to seawater and survival and maturation were not affected by the treatments in RAS. The immune status was examined with a multigene expression assay on BioMark HD platform from parr stage to 5–7 months after seawater transfer. Overall, there was no significant effect of photoperiod or salinity on the expression of the selected immune genes. In sum, the results from this study indicate that using continuous light in RAS may have negative effects on performance shortly after transfer in fish transferred to sea at 200 g, whereas at 600 g, all treatments had reduced growth after transfer irrespective of treatment in RAS.publishedVersio
Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks to Enhance Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Skin Cancer Application
Get PDFIn recent years, researchers designed several artificial intelligence solutions for healthcare applications, which usually evolved into functional solutions for clinical practice. Furthermore, deep learning (DL) methods are well-suited to process the broad amounts of data acquired by wearable devices, smartphones, and other sensors employed in different medical domains. Conceived to serve the role of diagnostic tool and surgical guidance, hyperspectral images emerged as a non-contact, non-ionizing, and label-free technology. However, the lack of large datasets to efficiently train the models limits DL applications in the medical field. Hence, its usage with hyperspectral images is still at an early stage. We propose a deep convolutional generative adversarial network to generate synthetic hyperspectral images of epidermal lesions, targeting skin cancer diagnosis, and overcome small-sized datasets challenges to train DL architectures. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework, capable of generating synthetic data to train DL classifiers.publishedVersio
Krav til falltall i norsk mathvete : En gjennomgang av det faglige grunnlaget for å vurdere riktig minimumskrav til falltall i norsk mathvete
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Safe week, unsafe weekend? Consumers’ self-reported food safety practices and stomach sickness in cabin environments of varying infrastructure levels
Get PDFFood poisoning is a threat to health and economy across regions and living standards, with an estimated 600 million cases worldwide every year. In consumer households, water and electricity facilities are key to safe food preparation and storage. However, recreational home environments may be of lower standard and expose dwellers to higher risk of foodborne illness. The aim of this study was to assess risk behaviours in Norwegian cabin kitchens in relation to the level of cabin infrastructure and compared to home practices. Cabin dwellers (N = 339) answered an online questionnaire about infrastructure, appliances, cleaning routines, and food habits at the cabin and at home. Correspondence analysis was used to define three cabin types of low (16%), medium (31%) and high (53%) infrastructure. The cabin types were compared to one another as well as to home in terms of cabin visit frequency and length, kitchen equipment, cleaning practices, food consumption, and incidence of stomach sickness. Consumer practices were evaluated for their impact on potential exposure to foodborne pathogens in light of the food safety situation and recommendations in Norway. Large variations in cabin kitchen equipment were found, where 35% of the respondents did not have running water in the kitchen and 18% did not have a refrigerator. The lack of running water and/or electrical appliances in cabins appeared to lead to adaptive consumer practices regarding hygiene routines (e.g., more hand disinfectant). Food consumption differed from home towards safer choices in all cabin types (e.g., less raw chicken and more canned foods). The estimated incidence rate of stomach sickness was of 4‰ occurrences per day at the cabin. Across cabin types, the incidence rate was 4.0 times larger in low-infrastructure cabins and 3.1 times larger in medium-infrastructure cabins compared to high-infrastructure cabins. The results uncover a need for information campaigns on the elevated risk for foodborne illness in cabin environments and how consumers should change practices to reduce the risk.publishedVersio
Health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5 -a novel closed containment system at sea
Get PDFClosed-containment (CCS) systems offer several advantages in controlling the production environment for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, especially at sea, where fish are more exposed to challenging environmental conditions. Here, we report the health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5, a 3500 m3 semi-closed containment system. A group of 200,000 post-smolts was followed from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) facility, then for three and a half months in FishGLOBE V5, and three months after release in net pens. Fish samples were collected at four time points during the production period, while water quality was evaluated when the fish were in FishGLOBE V5. The water quality in FishGLOBE V5 was within the recommended range for salmon post-smolts. The mortality rate was 1.4% in FishGLOBE V5 and 4.9% in net pens. There was an increase in the prevalence of eye, snout and dorsal fin damages before the fish left the FishGLOBE V5 phase. The plasma level of magnesium was slightly elevated during this phase as well, indicating osmotic imbalance and stress. Histological evaluation of skin and gills showed sporadic cases of non-specific pathologies. In particular, the transitory stay in FishGLOBE V5 partially improved skin health, but not gill health. Gene expression profiling of some biomarkers showed that rearing fish in FishGLOBE V5 could influence the expression of genes involved in stress response, mucus production, and epithelial integrity. This study documented that rearing salmon for a certain period in FishGLOBE V5 during production affected different health and welfare indicators. These changes should be taken into consideration for the improvement of FishGLOBE V5 as a viable technology for post-smolt production at sea.Health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5 -a novel closed containment system at seapublishedVersio
Rib abnormalities and their association with focal dark spots in Atlantic salmon fillets
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Perceived usefulness of design thinking activities for transforming research to impact.
Get PDFEmpirical studies that investigate the effect of design thinking within complex contexts involving multiple stakeholders are rare. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on design thinking, by investigating the perceived usefulness of including design thinking activities into a complex research project for food safety. A survey was distributed to all participants in SafeConsume, a Horizon 2020 research project, to measure perceived usefulness of design thinking activities such as collaborative workshops, visualization tools and empathic observation studies. Bivariate correlations and one-way ANOVAs were conducted in JMP Pro 14. The results indicate that design thinking activities may be useful also for large food safety projects. Multidisciplinary collaborative workshops can generate optimism and a sense of belonging among the participants, visualization tools can contribute to simplify complex information, and empathic observation studies makes it easier to think user centric. This study is one of few that quantitatively investigate the perceived usefulness of implementing design thinking into a multidisciplinary research project, and the findings contribute to a better understanding of the perceived effects of implementing design thinking into a large complex food safety research projects.Perceived usefulness of design thinking activities for transforming research to impact.publishedVersio
A Screening Study on Effects Varying Dietary Macronutrient Composition on Gut Functions in Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)
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The commercial potential for farmed cod – Preliminary studies on quality, market perception and economy
No full textI denne rapporten studeres 5. generasjons oppdrettstorsk produsert ved Havbruksstasjonen i Tromsø. Prosjektet har en eksplorativ tilnærming, der målsetningen er å identifisere relevante problemstillinger for videre forsknings-og utviklingsarbeid på oppdrettstorsk. Resultatene må tolkes med bakgrunn i at datagrunnlaget i rapporten hovedsakelig stammer fra oppdrettstorsk fra ett forskningsanlegg, samt begrensede utvalg. Kvalitetsmessig synes variasjonene i mange kvalitetsparametere på oppdrettstorsk å tilsvare det man forventer på villfanget fisk. Oppdrettstorsken synes å ha jevn kvalitet og god holdbarhet i kjølt tilstand, samt at det er fravær av kveis. En relativt stor lever trekker ned filetutbyttet, beregnet fra rund vekt. Det er noe usikkerhet knyttet til bløt muskel og hvor lett fileten spalter ved filetering etter noen dagers islagring. Restaurantene i Tromsø ga positiv tilbakemeldinger, kvaliteten til oppdrettstorsken ble oppfattet som god eller meget god, og det var interesse for å kjøpe oppdrettstorsk om den ble tilgjengelig. Oppdrettstorskens mørkere skinnfarge og noe «nøytral» smak sammenlignet med villtorsk var noen små forskjeller som ble nevnt av kjøkkensjefene. Med basis i en bioøkonomisk modell ble gjennomsnittlig produksjonskostnad for oppdrettstorsk, inklusiv slakting, pakking og kapitalbinding, estimert til 40–43 kr per kg rundvekt avhengig av produksjonstid og slaktevekt. Modellen er basert på flere forutsetninger med varierende grad av usikkerhet. En lønnsom næring forutsetter at det oppnås salgspriser som forsvarer produksjonskostnadene.Det kommersielle potensialet til oppdrettstorsk – Innledende undersøkelser om kvalitet, markedsoppfattelse og økonomiThe commercial potential for farmed cod – Preliminary studies on quality, market perception and economypublishedVersio