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European novel food, patents and brokers of knowledge
Get PDFPurpose The purpose of this paper was to study how public regulation promotes or hinders openness in the food industry, specifically how European novel food regulation has affected external ties among novel food pioneers seen through patents and their inventors. Design/methodology/approach A multiphase mixed-methods design was used to combine data as follows: Worldwide patents originating from Norwegian novel food pioneers 2004–2019, downloaded through the European Patent Office database. Application data and interviews were analysed together with substantial information on 88 patents. Findings Firms use patenting and novel food applications as part of a wider intellectual property rights strategy to guard against unintended spillovers and to shape external collaboration. Examinations of patents indicate a pattern of selective partnership with research and development (R&D) providers. Practical implications Food industry actors can combine property rights strategies to maintain a pattern of openness and external collaboration. R&D providers should consider the food industry's flag-planting strategies by integrating these into contractual regulations. Originality/value Little is known earlier about how novel food pioneers collaborate with suppliers, research actors, governmental actors, distributors and customers regarding new product development.European novel food, patents and brokers of knowledgeacceptedVersio
Thinking outside the booth: when Covid-19 pushed sensory testing to remote options
Get PDFThis commentary addresses the issue of remote testing with sensory and consumer panels, within the VSI Covid-19 and Sensory Science in Food Quality and preference. In particular, two papers on the topic will be discussed: Dinnella et al. “Remote testing: Sensory test during Covid-19 pandemic and beyond” and Han Seok et al. “Stay safe in your vehicle: Drive-in booths can be an alternative to indoor booths for laboratory sensory testing”. At the time of writing this piece, the pandemic has been among us for two years, highlighting the fact that remote testing strategies are more needed than ever. Testing methods should be developed, compared, validated and optimized, so sensory practitioners are prepared and can have an informed methodological choice when their projects are pushed “outside the sensory booth”.Thinking outside the booth: when Covid-19 pushed sensory testing to remote optionspublishedVersio
PSP with trained assessors as alternative for descriptive analysis of a product with a complex sensory profile
Get PDFRapid sensory profiling of a product over time presents a challenge in quality control, particularly when the product has a complex aroma and flavour profile. Polarized sensory positioning (PSP), based on the comparison of samples to fixed references, allows for rapid sensory profiling and data collection across multiple sessions. The efficacy of partial and global PSP for broad-based sensory profiling of honeybush infusions, prepared from five Cyclopia species (C. genistoides, C. subternata, C. maculata, C. intermedia and C. longifolia), was investigated. Trained assessors conducted partial PSP on aroma (P-PSPa) and palate (P-PSPp), as well as global PSP. A continuous scale and five poles, representing the respective Cyclopia species, were used to evaluate the honeybush infusions. Data, aggregated over three sessions per PSP variant, were subjected to multiple factor analysis (MFA). Similar product configurations were obtained when comparing the principal component analysis (PCA) bi-plot of the descriptive sensory analysis data and the MFA plots of partial and global PSP (RV coefficients ≥ 0.87). P-PSPa was as effective as global PSP in discriminating between honeybush tea samples. Application of PSPa by trained assessors is recommended for quality control in the honeybush tea industry: in this variant of PSP assessors focus on one modality, thereby potentially reducing sensory fatigue. Cyclopia genistoides, C. longifolia and C. maculata herbal teas formed one group, indicating that these herbal teas could be blended without losing sensory character. Cyclopia subternata and C. intermedia formed separate groups, indicating their suitability for species-specific marketing.submittedVersio
Exploration of seaweed consumption in Norway using the norm activation model: The moderator role of food innovativeness
Get PDFpublishedVersio
Aminoacidemia after ingestion of protein hydrolysate produced from poultry carcasses: A comparison against whey protein in a randomized, double-blinded cross-over study in healthy young and old individuals
Get PDFThis study investigated the aminoacidemia after ingestion of a poultry protein hydrolysate (PPH) and whey protein in healthy young and old participants. Protein-drinks were also digested using the INFOGEST static in vitro digestion model to simulate gastrointestinal changes in young and old adults. In fasted state, 10 young (20-40y) and 10 old (70-80y) ingested PPH or whey as a 20 g protein-drink and blood samples were collected. Plasma leucine concentration increased more when ingesting whey than PPH (young 62 ± 27 vs. 48 ± 27%, old 94 ± 57 vs. 66 ± 26%) but the peak concentration was reached faster after drinking PPH (p < 0.05). The in vitro digestion of PPH was consistent with the observed changes in plasma amino acid concentrations, but whey digestibility was lower under ageing conditions. These results show that PPH is rapidly digested and absorbed due to the hydrolysis into short peptide chains, and that healthy elderly have similar absorption as younger individuals.Aminoacidemia after ingestion of protein hydrolysate produced from poultry carcasses: A comparison against whey protein in a randomized, double-blinded cross-over study in healthy young and old individualspublishedVersio
Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels-a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals
Get PDFImproving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids.publishedVersio
Synergistic use of facebook, online questionnaires and local ecological knowledge to detect and reconstruct the bioinvasion of the Iberian Peninsula by Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896
Get PDFThe widespread use of social network sites and smart phones has enhanced the potential of Citizen Science (CS), i.e. to enlist the general public in gathering scientific information across large spatial–temporal scales. This research describes a CS application to reconstruct the bioinvasion of the Iberian Peninsula by the Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) and obtain reliable information about the potential socio-ecological and economic implications. C. sapidus is one of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the Mediterranean Sea. It was first reported in Venice in 1949 and then colonized the Northern Levantine basin of the Mediterranean Sea. Over half a century later, the species is spreading rapidly in the Western basin. Overall, this research detected C. sapidus in more than 300 locations, including several Natura2000 areas and 18 rivers. The blue crab in the Mediterranean Andalusia was not registered most likely due to the lack of freshwater and sedimentary habitats together with the biogeographic border of the Almerian front. Thus, the blue crab in the Balearic Sea and the Gulf of Cadiz might respond to different colonization events and should be managed independently. From a socio-ecological perspective, professional fisheries seem to benefit from the exploitation of C. sapidus, while recreational fishers perceive the presence of the crab as detrimental for the ecosystem. Managers, decision makers and scientists might use this research i) to better understand the implications of C. sapidus in non-native areas, ii) to early detect, mitigate and optimize management resources in future bioinvasions events of alien species.publishedVersio
Food safety myths consequences for health: A study of reported gastroenteritis incidence and prevalence in UK, Norway and Germany
Get PDFFood safety beliefs are not always science based. In this study, we aim to contribute to the state of the art of food safety knowledge by investigating unscientific beliefs consequences for gastroenteritis. After collecting food safety myths across Europe, we conducted a web-based survey on a representative sample of consumers from UK, Germany and Norway (N = 3110) to investigate what food safety myths people believe to be true, and if these beliefs influence gastroenteritis incidences and prevalence. The results show that a large share of the population believe in food safety myths, in the worst cases more than 70% report to believe myths to be facts and believing in many of these myths correlates positively with gastroenteritis incidences and prevalence. The largest correlations are observed for unscientific beliefs about eggs (such as storing eggs at room temperature and eating raw eggs to cure hangover), bacteria inactivation (that a wooden cutting board, and chili, wasabi and marinades kills bacteria), that vegetarians don't get food poisoning, and that eating dirt and having a diarrhea is good since it cleans up the stomach. In the discussion, we explain the negative consequences by linking the food safety myths to science-based food safety knowledge. This is the first study linking unscientific beliefs to gastroenteritis. Future studies need to investigate the mechanisms explaining why beliefs in food safety myths correlate with gastroenteritis incidences and prevalence. Studies investigating behavior change methods, including but not limited to correcting false beliefs are also needed.acceptedVersio
